AIMSTICK URINE REAGENT STRIPS

K051727 · Germaine Laboratories, Inc. · CEN · Oct 26, 2005 · Clinical Chemistry

Device Facts

• Record ID: K051727
• Device Name: AIMSTICK URINE REAGENT STRIPS
• Applicant: Germaine Laboratories, Inc.
• Product Code: CEN · Clinical Chemistry
• Decision Date: Oct 26, 2005
• Decision: SESE
• Submission Type: Traditional
• Regulation: 21 CFR 862.1550
• Device Class: Class 1

Indications for Use

The AimStick® Urine Reagent Strips are intended for detection of glucose, bilirubin, ketone, specific gravity, blood, pH, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite and leukocytes in urine.

Device Story

AimStick® Urine Reagent Strips are disposable plastic strips with multiple reagent pads. Used in professional point-of-care settings; operated by clinicians. Input is a urine sample applied to the strip. Principle of operation involves chemical reactions between urine analytes and specific reagents on pads, causing visible color changes. Output is a color change on the strip, which the clinician compares directly to a color chart printed on the product bottle label. No laboratory instrumentation is required. Results assist healthcare providers in assessing patient metabolic, renal, hepatic, and acid-base status, as well as detecting bacteriuria.

Clinical Evidence

Clinical trial comparing AimStick® Urine Reagent Strips to Bayer MultiStix® 10 SG. Study included 196 urine samples tested with both systems. Results demonstrated substantial equivalence between the subject device and the predicate.

Technological Characteristics

Plastic strips with affixed reagent pads. Chemical principles: enzymatic (GOD/POD) for glucose; diazotization for bilirubin, nitrite, and urobilinogen; sodium nitroprusside for ketone; pH indicator/polyelectrolyte for specific gravity and pH; peroxidase-like activity for blood; protein-error-of-indicator for protein; esterase hydrolysis for leukocytes. Visual readout via color comparison. Storage 2-30°C. No electronic components or software.

Indications for Use

Indicated for professional use in the qualitative detection of glucose, bilirubin, ketone, specific gravity, blood, pH, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, and leukocytes in urine to assess carbohydrate metabolism, kidney/liver function, acid-base balance, and bacterial presence.

Regulatory Classification

Identification

A urinary pH (nonquantitative) test system is a device intended to estimate the pH of urine. Estimations of pH are used to evaluate the acidity or alkalinity of urine as it relates to numerous renal and metabolic disorders and in the monitoring of patients with certain diets.

Predicate Devices

• Roche Chemstrip 10 SG (k896454)

Submission Summary (Full Text)

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510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION
DECISION SUMMARY
ASSAY AND INSTRUMENT COMBINATION TEMPLATE

A. 510(k) Number:
k051727

B. Purpose for Submission:
Clearance for urine reagent strips

C. Measurand:
Glucose, Blood, Leukocytes, Specific Gravity, pH, Nitrite, Protein, Ketone, Urobilinogen and Bilirubin in urine

D. Type of Test:
Qualitative Colorimetric Assay

E. Applicant:
Germaine Laboratories

F. Proprietary and Established Names:
AimStick Urine Reagent Strips

G. Regulatory Information:

1. Regulation section:
21 CFR § 862.1340 Urinary glucose (nonquantitative) test system
21 CFR § 864.6550 Occult blood test
21 CFR § 864.7675 Leukocyte peroxidase test
21 CFR § 862.1550 Urinary pH (nonquantitative) test system
21 CFR § 862.1510 Nitrite (nonquantitative) test system
21 CFR § 862.1645 Urinary protein or albumin (nonquantitative) test system
21 CFR § 862.1435 Ketones (nonquantitative) test system
21 CFR § 862.1785 Urinary urobilinogen (nonquantitative) test system
21 CFR § 862.1115 Urinary bilirubin and its conjugates (nonquantitative) test system

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2. Classification:

Class II: Urinary Glucose and Occult Blood
Class I: Urine Leukocytes, Urinary pH, Nitrite, Urinary Protein, Ketones, Urinary Urobilinogen, Urinary bilirubin and Specific Gravity

3. Product code:

JIL Urinary glucose (non-quant.) test system
JIO Blood, Occult, Colorimetric, in urine
LJX Test, Urine Leukocyte
CEN Urinary, pH (non-quant.)
JMT Nitrite (urinary, non-quant.) test system
JIR Protein or Albumin (urinary, non-quant.) test system
JIN Ketones (urinary, non-quant.) test system
CDM Urinary urobilinogen (non-quant.) test system
JJB Urinary bilirubin & its conjugates (urinary, non-quant.) test system

4. Panel:

75 Chemistry
81 Hematology

H. Intended Use:

1. Intended use(s):

See indications for use.

2. Indication(s) for use:

The AimStick Urine Reagent Strips are intended for the qualitative detection of Glucose, Bilirubin, Ketone, Specific gravity, Blood, pH, Protein, Urobilinogen, Nitrite, and Leukocytes in urine for persons to test by visual comparison with a color chart on the bottle label. This product is for professional use. Test results may provide information regarding the status of carbohydrate metabolism, kidney function, liver function, acid-base balance, and bacteria.

3. Special conditions for use statement(s):

For Prescription Use

4. Special instrument requirements:

Not applicable

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I. Device Description:

The AimStick Urine Reagent Strips are plastic strips to which Glucose, Bilirubin, Ketone, Specific Gravity, Blood, pH, Protein, Urobilinogen, Nitrite, and Leukocytes reagent pads are affixed. The reagent pads react with the urine and provide a visible color reaction. The product is packaged with a drying agent in the bottle. Each strip is stable and ready to use.

J. Substantial Equivalence Information:

1. Predicate device name(s):

Roche Chemstrip 10 SG (formerly Boehringer Mannheim)

2. Predicate 510(k) number(s):

k896454

3. Comparison with predicate:

| Similarities | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Item | Device | Predicate |
| Intended use | Used in determination of glucose, protein, pH, bilirubin, blood, ketone, urobilinogen, nitrite, specific gravity and leukocytes in urine | Same |
| Specimen | Urine | Same |
| Storage | 15-30°C | Same |

K. Standard/Guidance Document Referenced (if applicable):

None Referenced

L. Test Principle:

Glucose: The assay for glucose is based on the enzymatic glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOD/POD) method. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. A second enzyme, peroxidase, catalyzes the reactions of hydrogen peroxidase with a potassium iodide chromogen to oxidize the chromogen to colors ranging from green to blue.

Bilirubin: The test is based on the coupling of bilirubin with diazotized

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dichloroaniline in a strongly acid medium. The color produced on the reagent pad ranges through various shades of beige or tan.

Ketone: The test is based on the reaction between acetoacetate and sodium nitroprusside in an alkaline medium. A positive result produces a violet color.

Specific Gravity: The test is based on the release of protons in the presence of cations. The reaction produces hydrogenous ionogen, which reacts with a pH indicator that causes a color change.

Blood: This test is based on the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and myoglobin creating a green color with oxidation of a chromogen. Intact erythrocytes which hemolyze on the test paper will produce a green dot.

pH: This test is based on the indicators methyl red and bromthymol blue that give a broad range of colors covering the entire urinary pH range.

Protein: The test is based on the protein-error-of-indicators principle. Anions in the specific pH indicator attracted by cations on protein molecules make the indicator further ionized, which changes its color. A positive reaction is indicated by a color change from yellow to light green to darker greens.

Urobilinogen: The test is based on the Ehrlich reaction in which p-diethylamino benzaldehyde in conjunction with a color enhancer reacts with urobilinogen in a strong acid medium. A positive reaction is indicated by a light pink to pink color.

Nitrite: The test is based on the conversion of nitrate to nitrite. The nitrate in the urine and aromatic amino sulphanilamide are diazotized to form a diazonium compound. The diazonium compound reacting with tetrahydro benzo(h) quinolin 3-phenol causes the color change. A positive reaction is indicated by a light pink to pink color.

Leukocytes: The test is based on the reaction of esterases, present in granulocytic leukocytes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of an indoxylcarbonic acid ester to indoxyl. A positive reaction is indicated by a light purple to dark purple color.

## M. Performance Characteristics (if/when applicable):

### 1. Analytical performance:

#### a. Precision/Reproducibility:

Studies to assess the reproducibility of AimStick Urine Reagent Strips were conducted at several physician offices. One hundred and ninety six urine samples from patients were tested with the AimStick Urine Reagent Test Strips. The results were read visually and the data in exact agreement is presented in the tables below:

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Glucose

| Urine Values | Negative | 100 mg/dL | 250 mg/dL | 500 mg/dL | 1000 mg/dL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 182/182 | 8/8 | 4/4 | 1/1 | 1/1 |

Bilirubin

| Urine Values | Neg | Small | Moderate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 164/170 | 19/21 | 4/5 |

Ketone

| Urine Values | Negative | 5 mg/dL | 15 mg/dL | 40 mg/dL | 80 mg/dL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 152/153 | 31/33 | 7/8 | 0/1 | 1/1 |

Specific Gravity

| Urine Values | 1.000 | 1.005 | 1.010 | 1.015 | 1.020 | 1.025 | 1.030 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 14/17 | 17/23 | 52/56 | 26/36 | 26/32 | 7/9 | 20/23 |

Blood

| Urine Values | Neg | NH Trace | Trace | Small | Moderate | Large |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 166/169 | 3/5 | 11/12 | 3/4 | 2/2 | 3/4 |

pH

| Urine Values | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 87/99 | 50/59 | 4/6 | 9/15 | 5/5 | 4/7 | 5/5 |

Protein

| Urine Values | Neg | Trace | 30 mg/dL | ≥2000 mg/dL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 141/145 | 37/40 | 5/7 | 4/4 |

Urobilinogen

| Urine Values | 0.2 mg/dL | 1.0 mg/dL |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 141/145 | 7/8 |

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Nitrite

| Urine Values | Negative | Positive |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 190/190 | 6/6 |

Leukocytes

| Urine Values | Neg | Trace | Small | Moderate | Large |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Results | 163/164 | 14/18 | 2/3 | 5/7 | 4/4 |

b. Linearity/assay reportable range:

Not applicable

c. Traceability, Stability, Expected values (controls, calibrators, or methods):

Stability studies are performed using two levels of commercially marketed urinalysis controls. The results of the study support the claim that the product is stable at room temperature for 18 months.

d. Detection limit:

The sponsor validates the sensitivity range of the AimStick Urine Reagent Strips by testing negative urine samples on a commercially available urine chemistry analyzer. Each urine sample is tested with three lot numbers of the AimStick Urine Reagent Strips. Each test is repeated 20 times with each lot number. The results of the studies supporting the sponsor's sensitivity claims are described below.

**Glucose:**

Negative urine samples are spiked with glucose at concentrations of 0, 50, 72 and 100 mg/dL. The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of 50-100 mg/dL. The reagent pad does not react with lactose, galactose, or fructose.

**Blood:**

Negative urine samples are spiked with erythrocytes from venous blood. at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 21 Cells/μL. The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of 5-15 RBCs. (10 lysed RBCs is equivalent to 0.3 mg/dL of hemoglobin).

**Bilirubin**

Negative urine samples are spiked with bilirubin at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/dL. The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.2-0.5 mg/dL.

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# Ketone:

Negative urine samples are spiked with acetoacetic acid at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and $15\mathrm{mg / dL}$ . The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of $5 - 10\mathrm{mg / dL}$ .

# Protein

Negative urine samples are spiked with human albumin at concentrations of 0, 12, 15, 24 and $30\mathrm{mg / dL}$ . The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of $15 - 30\mathrm{mg / dL}$ .

# Urobilinogen:

Negative urine samples are spiked with urobilinogen at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.7, and $1.0\mathrm{mg / dL}$ . The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of $0.2 - 1.0\mathrm{mg / dL}$ .

# Nitrite:

Negative urine samples are spiked with nitrite at concentrations of 0, 0.09, 0.124, and $0.152\mathrm{mg / dL}$ . The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of $0.09 - 0.52\mathrm{mg / dL}$ .

# Leukocytes:

A urine sample with a high concentration of leukocytes is diluted with negative urine to produce three concentration levels-0, 5, 15, and 25 Cells/μL. The results obtained from the study demonstrate a sensitivity of 5-15 Cells/μL.

# e. Analytical specificity:

Artificial urine is spiked with the following twenty seven possible interfering substances, one at a time. Each spiked urine sample is tested five times with the AimStick Urine Reagent Strips. None of the substances at the concentration tested interfered with the AimStick Urine Reagent Strips. The results are presented in the table below.

| Interfering Substances | Concentration |
| --- | --- |
| Acetoacetate | 250 mg/dL |
| Ammonium Chloride | 200 mg/dL |
| Albumin1 | 1000 mg/dL |
| Ascorbic Acid | 200 mg/dL |
| Bilirubin | 3.2 mg/dL |
| Calcium Chloride | 80 mg/dL |
| Citric Acid | 65 mg/dL |
| Creatine | 10 mg/dL |
| Creatinine | 600 mg/dL |
| Glucose2 | 4100 mg/dL |

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F. Assay cut-off:

Not Applicable

## 2. Comparison studies:

a. Method comparison with predicate device:

Studies were conducted at several physician offices. One hundred and ninety six urine samples from patients were tested with the AimStick Urine Reagent Test Strips and another commercially available product. The results were read visually and the data is presented in the table below:

**AimStick Compared to Commercially Available Product-Both Read Visually**

| Analyte | Agreement Total | % Agreement within ± 1 color block | Analyte | Agreement Total | % Agreement within ± 1 color block |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Glucose | 195/196 | 100.00 | pH | 191/196 | 88.77 |
| Bilirubin | 187/196 | 99.48 | Protein | 187/196 | 100.00 |
| Ketone | 191/196 | 99.48 | Urobilinogen | 195/196 | 100.00 |
| Specific Gravity | 162/196 | 92.85 | Nitrite | 196/196 | 100.00 |
| Blood | 186/196 | 99.48 | Leukocytes | 188/196 | 99.48 |

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Fifteen hundred ninety-nine random urine samples were read visually with the Aimstick Urine Reagent Test Strips and compared to commercially marketed strips run on a commercially marketed analyzer. The results of the new device were comparable to the currently marketed device. The results of the comparison study are presented in the table below:

| Analyte | Visual % Agreement ± 1 color block/1599 results | Analyzer % Agreement ± 1 color block /1599 results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Glucose | 98.0% /1567 | 97.8% /1564 |
| Bilirubin | 97.6% /1560 | 97.9% /1565 |
| Ketone | 98.3% /1572 | 97.9% /1565 |
| Specific Gravity | 97.5% /1559 | 96.9% /1549 |
| Blood | 96.8% /1548 | 97.1% /1553 |
| pH | 96.9% /1550 | 97.3% /1556 |
| Protein | 97.7% /1563 | 96.8% /1548 |
| Urobilinogen | 97.7%/1562 | 97.7%1563 |
| Nitrite | 97.2% /1554 | 97.4%/1558 |
| Leukocytes | 96.3% /1540 | 96.5%/1543 |

b. Matrix comparison:

Not Applicable

3. Clinical studies:

a. Clinical sensitivity

Not applicable

b. Clinical specificity:

Not applicable

c. Other clinical supportive data (when a and b are not applicable):

4. Clinical cut-off:

Not Applicable

5. Expected values/Reference Range

The following analytes should not be detectable using this device in the urine of healthy persons with this test: glucose, blood, ketones, protein, bilirubin,

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nitrite, and leukocytes.

pH: First morning urine from healthy individuals will usually range from 5-6.

Specific gravity: Random urine values may vary from 1.001–1.035.

The normal range for Urobilinogen is 0.2 to 1.0 mg/dL.

These expected values are taken from the following references:

Schersten, B & Fritz, H: Subnormal Levels of Glucose in Urine. JAMA 201:129-132, 1967

Patterson, P et al.: Maternal and Fetal Ketone Concentrations in Plasma and Urine. Lancet: 862-865: April 22, 1967

Henry, JB, et al.: Clinical Diagnosis and Measurement by Laboratory Methods, 19th Edition, Philadelphia: WB Saunders: pp. 241-374, 454, 1996 (9)

Fraser, J et al.: Studies with a Simplified Nitroprusside Test for Ketone Bodies in Urine, Serum, Plasma and Milk. Clinica Chemistry Acta II: 372-378, 1965

Abirami, K, Tiwari, SC: Urinalysis in Clinical Practice, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 2, June 2001

## N. Proposed Labeling:

The labeling is sufficient and it satisfies the requirements of 21 CFR Part 809.10.

## O. Conclusion:

The submitted information in this premarket notification is complete and supports a substantial equivalence decision.

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