Bunkerhill Contrast AVC

K260167 · BunkerHill Health · JAK · Mar 6, 2026 · Radiology

Device Facts

• Record ID: K260167
• Device Name: Bunkerhill Contrast AVC
• Applicant: BunkerHill Health
• Product Code: JAK · Radiology
• Decision Date: Mar 6, 2026
• Decision: SESE
• Submission Type: Traditional
• Regulation: 21 CFR 892.1750
• Device Class: Class 2
• Attributes: AI/ML, Software as a Medical Device

Intended Use

Bunkerhill Contrast AVC is a software device intended for use in detecting presence and estimating quantity of aortic valve calcification for adult patients aged 40 years and above. The device automatically analyzes non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) images collected during clinical care and outputs the region of interest (intended for informational purposes only) and quantification of detected calcium. The output of the subject device is made available to the physician on-demand as part of his or her standard workflow. The device-generated quantification can be viewed in the patient report at the discretion of the physician, and the physician also has the option of viewing the device- generated calcium region of interest in a diagnostic image viewer. The subject device output in no way replaces the original patient report or the original non-gated, contrast-enhanced CT scan; both are still available to be viewed and used at the discretion of the physician. The device is intended to provide information to the physician to provide assistance during review of the patient's case. Results of the subject device are not intended to be used on a stand- alone basis and are solely intended to aid and provide information to the physician. In all cases, further action taken on a patient should only come at the recommendation of the physician after further reviewing the patient's results.

Device Story

Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) for aortic valve calcification (AVC) analysis; inputs non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest CT images (DICOM). Operates via deep-learning CNN to segment calcifications, calculate volume (mm³), and generate region of interest (ROI). Deployed via on-premises 'Bunkerhill Edge Server' and cloud processing; integrates into clinician PACS. Physician reviews output on-demand as part of standard workflow; results aid clinical decision-making but do not replace original scans or reports. Benefits include automated quantification of calcium burden to assist in patient case review.

Clinical Evidence

Retrospective stand-alone study (multi-site, US) validated detection, localization, and agreement. Co-primary endpoints met: Sensitivity 0.972 (95% CI: 0.940-1.000), Specificity 0.933 (95% CI: 0.895-0.971), Precision 0.862, Recall 0.919. Bland-Altman agreement showed bias of -20.86 mm³ (LOA: -172.58 to 130.85 mm³). Bridging study (n=65) comparing contrast vs. non-contrast images showed mean bias of 2.05 mm³ (LOA: -30.45 to 34.54 mm³).

Technological Characteristics

Software-only; DICOM input; deep-learning CNN architecture. Processes non-gated chest CTs (slice thickness ≤ 3.0mm). Outputs volume (mm³) and ROI. Connectivity: On-premises Edge Server to Cloud Server. No built-in viewer; integrates with PACS.

Indications for Use

Indicated for adult patients aged 40+ to detect and quantify aortic valve calcification using non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest CT images. Adjunctive tool for physician review; not for standalone diagnosis.

Regulatory Classification

Identification

A computed tomography x-ray system is a diagnostic x-ray system intended to produce cross-sectional images of the body by computer reconstruction of x-ray transmission data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.

Predicate Devices

• Bunkerhill AVC (K243229)

Submission Summary (Full Text)

{0}

FDA U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION

March 6, 2026

BunkerHill Health
% John Smith
Partner
Hogan Lovells US LLP
555 Thirteenth St., NW
WASHINGTON DC 20004

Re: K260167
Trade/Device Name: Bunkerhill Contrast AVC
Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.1750
Regulation Name: Computed Tomography X-Ray System
Regulatory Class: Class II
Product Code: JAK
Dated: January 20, 2026
Received: January 20, 2026

Dear John Smith:

We have reviewed your section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database available at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.

If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.

U.S. Food & Drug Administration
10903 New Hampshire Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20993
www.fda.gov

{1}

K260167 - John Smith
Page 2

Additional information about changes that may require a new premarket notification are provided in the FDA guidance documents entitled "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99812/download) and "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Software Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99785/download).

Your device is also subject to, among other requirements, the Quality Management System Regulation (QMSR) (21 CFR Part 820), which includes, but is not limited to, ISO 13485 clause 7.3 (Design controls), ISO 13484 clause 8.3 (Nonconforming product), and ISO 13485 clause 8.5 (Corrective and preventative action). Please note that regardless of whether a change requires premarket review, the QMSR requires device manufacturers to review and approve changes to device design and production (ISO 13485 clause 7.3 and 21 CFR 820.70) and document changes and approvals in the device master record (21 CFR 820.181).

Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting (reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR Part 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reporting-combination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the Quality Management System Regulation (QMSR) (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR Parts 1000-1050.

All medical devices, including Class I and unclassified devices and combination product device constituent parts are required to be in compliance with the final Unique Device Identification System rule ("UDI Rule"). The UDI Rule requires, among other things, that a device bear a unique device identifier (UDI) on its label and package (21 CFR 801.20(a)) unless an exception or alternative applies (21 CFR 801.20(b)) and that the dates on the device label be formatted in accordance with 21 CFR 801.18. The UDI Rule (21 CFR 830.300(a) and 830.320(b)) also requires that certain information be submitted to the Global Unique Device Identification Database (GUDID) (21 CFR Part 830 Subpart E). For additional information on these requirements, please see the UDI System webpage at https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance/unique-device-identification-system-udi-system.

Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reporting-mdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.

For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-

{2}

K260167 - John Smith
Page 3

assistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email ([e-mail]) or phone [phone] or 301-796-7100).

Sincerely,


Lu Jiang, Ph.D.
Assistant Director
Diagnostic X-Ray Systems Team
DHT8B: Division of Radiological Imaging Devices and Electronic Products
OHT8: Office of Radiological Health
Office of Product Evaluation and Quality
Center for Devices and Radiological Health

Enclosure

{3}

FORM FDA 3881 (8/23)
Page 1 of 1
PSC Publishing Services [phone]
EF

| DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration Indications for Use | Form Approved: OMB No. 0910-0120 Expiration Date: 07/31/2026 See PRA Statement below. |
| --- | --- |
| 510(k) Number (if known) K260167 | |
| Device Name Bunkerhill Contrast AVC | |
| Indications for Use (Describe) Bunkerhill Contrast AVC is a software device intended for use in detecting presence and estimating quantity of aortic valve calcification for adult patients aged 40 years and above. The device automatically analyzes non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) images collected during clinical care and outputs the region of interest (intended for informational purposes only) and quantification of detected calcium. The output of the subject device is made available to the physician on-demand as part of his or her standard workflow. The device-generated quantification can be viewed in the patient report at the discretion of the physician, and the physician also has the option of viewing the device- generated calcium region of interest in a diagnostic image viewer. The subject device output in no way replaces the original patient report or the original non-gated, contrast-enhanced CT scan; both are still available to be viewed and used at the discretion of the physician. The device is intended to provide information to the physician to provide assistance during review of the patient's case. Results of the subject device are not intended to be used on a stand- alone basis and are solely intended to aid and provide information to the physician. In all cases, further action taken on a patient should only come at the recommendation of the physician after further reviewing the patient's results. | |
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) ☑ Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) ☐ Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) | |
| CONTINUE ON A SEPARATE PAGE IF NEEDED. | |
| This section applies only to requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. *DO NOT SEND YOUR COMPLETED FORM TO THE PRA STAFF EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW.* | |
| The burden time for this collection of information is estimated to average 79 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data sources, gather and maintain the data needed and complete and review the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this information collection, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to: Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Office of Chief Information Officer Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) Staff [e-mail] | |
| "An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB number." | |

{4}

510(K) SUMMARY Bunkerhill Contrast AVC
K260167

BunkerHill Health
% John Smith, Partner
Hogan Lovells US LLP
555 Thirteenth St., NW
Washington, District of Columbia 20004

Phone: [phone]
Contact Person: Eren Alkan
Date Prepared: March 2, 2026

## Proposed Device

| Proprietary Name | Bunkerhill Contrast AVC |
| --- | --- |
| Classification Name | Computed tomography x-ray system |
| Regulation Number | 21 CFR 892.1750 |
| Product Code | JAK |
| Regulatory Class | II |

## Predicate Device

| Proprietary Name | Bunkerhill AVC |
| --- | --- |
| Premarket Notification | K243229 |
| Classification Name | Computed tomography x-ray system |
| Regulation Number | 21 CFR 892.1750 |
| Product Code | JAK |
| Regulatory Class | II |

## Device Description

Bunkerhill Contrast AVC is a software as a medical device (SaMD) product that interfaces with compatible and commercially available computed tomography (CT) systems. Bunkerhill Contrast AVC detects localizes, and quantifies aortic valve calcification in non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest CT studies. The core features of the product are:

- Detection of aortic valve calcification volume at a threshold of 0 mm³.
- Quantification of the overall aortic valve calcification burden in the form of an estimated volume score (mm³).

{5}

- Localization of estimated calcium burden in the form of AVC region of interest applied to a copy of the original CT scan.

The device integrates into the clinician's PACS and does not include a built-in viewer. It works in parallel with and runs in the background of the physician's workflow. When chest CT scans are captured, the images are automatically sent via the DICOM protocol to an on-premises server ("Bunkerhill Edge Server") running the Bunkerhill software. Images are de-identified on the Bunkerhill Edge Server and sent to a Bunkerhill Cloud Server for processing, where the artificial intelligence algorithm (Bunkerhill Contrast AVC) is applied to the image to detect, estimate, and localize aortic valve calcium. The results from the algorithm are then relayed back to the on-premises Bunkerhill Edge Server, where the associated chest CT images are re-identified, and results are paired with the appropriate images and routed to be made available in the physician's workflow.

## Algorithm Overview

The Bunkerhill Contrast AVC device is a deep-learning model for detecting aortic valve calcification on non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) exams. The device consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture trained to segment calcifications on CT volumes with slice thickness at most $3.0\mathrm{mm}$. The calcifications are grouped into calcified lesions, and the area of each lesion is summed across the slices to determine a volume score in cubic millimeters for the entire CT scan. This fully automatic algorithm was designed to take a non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest CT volume as input and provide an estimated aortic valve calcification volume and region of interest as output.

## Intended Use / Indications for Use

Bunkerhill Contrast AVC is a software device intended for use in detecting presence and estimating quantity of aortic valve calcification for adult patients aged 40 years and above. The device automatically analyzes non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) images collected during clinical care and outputs the region of interest (intended for informational purposes only) and quantification of detected calcium.

The output of the subject device is made available to the physician on-demand as part of his or her standard workflow. The device-generated quantification can be viewed in the patient report at the discretion of the physician, and the physician also has the option of viewing the device- generated calcium region of interest in a diagnostic image viewer. The subject device output in no way replaces the original patient report or the original non-gated, contrast-enhanced CT scan; both are still available to be viewed and used at the discretion of the physician.

The device is intended to provide information to the physician to provide assistance during review of the patient's case. Results of the subject device are not intended to be used on a stand- alone basis and are solely intended to aid and provide information to the physician. In all cases, further action taken on a patient should only come at the recommendation of the physician after further reviewing the patient's results.

## Technological Characteristics Comparison:

The subject device and predicate device are all intended for use in detecting presence and estimating quantity calcification. The only difference in intended use between subject and predicate device is that while the predicate device analyzes non-gated, non-contrast chest CT images the subject device analyzes non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest CT images. Given the identical principles of operation and

{6}

technological characteristics, the differences do not raise any new questions of safety and effectiveness. Both the subject and predicate device assist the medical professionals in detecting presence and location of calcifications. Both subject and predicate devices are to aid medical professionals in viewing and analyzing cardiac computed tomography (CT) data to determine presence and extent of calcification.

Table 1: Substantial Equivalence-Intended Use Table

| | Proposed Device: Bunkerhill Contrast AVC | Predicate Device: Bunkerhill AVC (K243229) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intended use / Indications for use | Bunkerhill Contrast AVC is a software device intended for use in detecting presence and estimating quantity of aortic valve calcification for adult patients aged 40 years and above. The device automatically analyzes non-gated, contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) images collected during clinical care and outputs the region of interest (intended for informational purposes only) and quantification of detected calcium. The output of the subject device is made available to the physician on-demand as part of his or her standard workflow. The device-generated quantification can be viewed in the patient report at the discretion of the physician, and the physician also has the option of viewing the device- generated calcium region of interest in a diagnostic image viewer. The subject device output in no way replaces the original patient report or the original non-gated, contrast-enhanced CT scan; both are still available to be viewed and used at the discretion of the physician. | Bunkerhill AVC is a software device intended for use in detecting presence and estimating quantity of aortic valve calcification for adult patients aged 40 years and above. The device automatically analyzes non-gated, non- contrast chest computed tomography (CT) images collected during clinical care and outputs the region of interest (intended for informational purposes only) and quantification of detected calcium. The output of the subject device is made available to the physician on- demand as part of his or her standard workflow. The device-generated quantification can be viewed in the patient report at the discretion of the physician, and the physician also has the option of viewing the device- generated calcium region of interest in a diagnostic image viewer. The subject device output in no way replaces the original patient report or the original non- gated, non- contrast CT scan; both are still available |

{7}

| | Proposed Device: Bunkerhill Contrast AVC | Predicate Device: Bunkerhill AVC (K243229) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | The device is intended to provide information to the physician to provide assistance during review of the patient’s case. Results of the subject device are not intended to be used on a stand- alone basis and are solely intended to aid and provide information to the physician. In all cases, further action taken on a patient should only come at the recommendation of the physician after further reviewing the patient’s results. | to be viewed and used at the discretion of the physician.

The device is intended to provide information to the physician to provide assistance during review of the patient’s case.

Results of the subject device are not intended to be used on a stand- alone basis and are solely intended to aid and provide information to the physician. In all cases, further action taken on a patient should only come at the recommendation of the physician after further reviewing the patient’s results. |

## Summary of Technological Characteristics

- Both the predicate(s) and the subject device use deep-learning algorithms to identify the presence of calcification and estimate calcification.
- Both devices analyze non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) images that are sent to the software in DICOM format.
- Both the predicate and the subject device quantify the calcification by generating a metric (an estimated score).
- Both devices serve as support tools to provide information to the physician. Both can be used on-demand or optionally by the physician and do not provide a definitive diagnosis. Both devices do not replace clinical evaluation and do not alter the standard of care. Both require the physician to use this information to decide next steps and/or additional diagnostic work up.
- Both devices provide a visual representation of the region of the detected calcification for better explainability and for the physician to confirm the device output.
- There are no major technological differences between the subject device and predicate device. The only technological difference that exists between the subject and predicate device is that the subject device outputs volume in mm3 using a deterministic mathematical formula based on the raw segmentation maps, while the predicate devices output Agatston Units using a deterministic formula based on raw segmentation maps.

{8}

| | Proposed Device: Bunkerhill Contrast AVC | Predicate Device: Bunkerhill AVC (K243229) | Summary |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Product code | JAK | JAK | Same |
| Regulation number | 21 CFR §892.1750 | 21 CFR §892.1750 | Same |
| Modality | Computed tomography (CT) | Computed tomography (CT) | Same |
| Image format | DICOM | DICOM | Same |
| Supported CT Scan | Contrast-enhanced, Non-cardiac-gated CT scan | Non-contrast, Non-cardiac-gated CT scan | Similar |
| Slice thickness | Up to 5 mm | Up to 5 mm | Same |
| Calcification detection | Automatic | Automatic | Same |
| Main image quality | DICOM | DICOM | Same |
| Annotation of detected calcium | Yes | Yes | Same |
| Visual Output format | Visual output in the form a Region of Interest or ROI (intended for informational purposes only). The estimated visual output can be viewed by the physician in a diagnostic image viewer. The physician's standard method for viewing unaltered chest CT scans in PACS will remain available to them even if the subject device is being used. However, the physician will also have an option to view the visual output estimated by the subject device as a separate series within PACS. | Visual output in the form a Region of Interest or ROI (intended for informational purposes only). The estimated visual output can be viewed by the physician in a diagnostic image viewer. The physician's standard method for viewing unaltered chest CT scans in PACS will remain available to them even if the subject device is being used. However, the physician will also have an option to view the visual output estimated by the subject device as a separate series within PACS. | Similar |
| Generate patient report | Optional to copy result to clipboard, insert in report, DICOM Secondary Capture | Optional to copy result to clipboard, insert in report, DICOM Secondary Capture | Same |
| Report of the calcium score | Yes, estimated calcification volume (mm3) score and binary output (presence/absence) | Yes, estimated exact Agatston-equivalent score and binary output (presence/absence) | Similar |
| Type of Interpretation | Adjunctive information | Adjunctive information | Same |

{9}

| | Proposed Device: Bunkerhill Contrast AVC | Predicate Device: Bunkerhill AVC (K243229) | Summary |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Intended User | Qualified medical professionals such as | Qualified medical professionals such as | Same |
| Patient population | Patients aged 40 years and above | Patients aged 40 years and above | Same |
| Anatomical location | Chest (aortic valve) | Chest (aortic valve) | Same |
| Intended location | Medical facility | Medical facility | Same |
| Rx or OTC | Rx | Rx | Same |

# Performance Data

Safety and performance of Bunkerhill Contrast AVC has been evaluated and verified in accordance with software specifications and applicable performance standards through Software Development and Validation & Verification Process to ensure performance according to specifications, User Requirements and Federal Regulations and Guidance documents, "Content of Premarket Submissions for Device Software Functions" and Cybersecurity in Medical Devices: Quality System Considerations and Content of Premarket Submissions.

The Contrast AVC performance was validated in a stand-alone retrospective study for detection, localization and agreement of the device output compared to the established ground truth. The pivotal dataset was curated from multiple sites across three geographical regions in the United States. The co-primary endpoints of Sensitivity and Specificity (Se/Sp), Precision and Recall of the circular ROI and correlation coefficient were met successfully. The acceptance criteria were derived from the performance of the predicate device and clinical literature in high impact journals that investigate the inter-reader agreement of manual segmentation. The co-primary endpoint of a Bland Altman agreement was also successfully met. The observed bias in the pivotal study was $-20.86\mathrm{mm}^3$ and lower and upper limits agreements were $-172.58\mathrm{mm}^3$ and $130.85\mathrm{mm}^3$ , respectively. As result, Bunkerhill Contrast AVC met the mean difference and limits of agreement acceptance criteria, thus satisfying all the endpoints of the pivotal testing study. The low mean difference demonstrates that Bunkerhill Contrast AVC has a bias of low magnitude. The observed Sensitivity was 0.972 (0.940, 1.000), the observed specificity was 0.933 (0.895, 0.971), the observed Precision was 0.862 (0.820, 0.899) and the observed Recall was 0.919 (0.887, 0.945). As a result, Bunkerhill Contrast AVC met all study acceptance criteria.

An additional bridging study comparing the volume generated by the Contrast AVC device on a contrast-enhanced image to the calcification volume on the same patient calculated on a non-contrast image was conducted. This study intended to further demonstrate the validity of the Contrast AVC device in detecting and quantifying aortic valve calcification in patients in line with its intended use. 65 cases were included in the bridging study. The study met the predefined acceptance criteria with a mean bias of $2.05\mathrm{mm}^3$ and LOA of $-30.45\mathrm{mm}^3$ to $34.54\mathrm{mm}^3$ .

{10}

The testing demonstrates that the device is substantially equivalent to the predicate as required by 21 CFR 807.92(b)(3) since both the predicate and subject device demonstrated that with the cited mean difference and limits of agreement, the primary endpoint for calcium score was met.

7

{11}

8

# Conclusions

Bunkerhill Contrast AVC is substantially equivalent to the predicate Bunkerhill AVC Device (K243229). The subject device has the same intended uses and similar indications, technological characteristics, and principles of operation as its predicate devices. The minor differences in indications do not alter the intended diagnostic use of the device and do not affect its safety and effectiveness when used as labeled. In summary, any minor differences between Bunkerhill Contrast AVC and the predicate devices do not raise any issues of safety or effectiveness.