Aneroid Sphygmomanometer, Aneroid Sphygmomanometer with stethoscope
K211084 · Shanghai Caremate Medical Device Co., Ltd. · DXQ · Oct 19, 2021 · Cardiovascular
Device Facts
Record ID
K211084
Device Name
Aneroid Sphygmomanometer, Aneroid Sphygmomanometer with stethoscope
Applicant
Shanghai Caremate Medical Device Co., Ltd.
Product Code
DXQ · Cardiovascular
Decision Date
Oct 19, 2021
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 870.1120
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Pediatric
Indications for Use
The device is intended to be used by medical professionals or in the home for the measurement of systolic and diastolic pressure on new borns, infants, children, young adults. The device is intended to be manually attached to a patient and manually inflated along with a manual method for detecting Korotkoff sounds.
Device Story
Non-invasive, non-automated, reusable aneroid sphygmomanometer; used by medical professionals or patients at home/hospital/clinic. Device consists of manometer, inflatable cuff with bladder, inflation bulb, and optional stethoscope. Operator manually wraps cuff around patient limb, inflates via bulb, and uses auscultatory Korotkoff sound method to determine blood pressure. Manometer displays pressure (0-300 mmHg). Output is visual pressure reading used by clinician/user for blood pressure monitoring. Benefits include manual, portable, non-electric blood pressure assessment.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data included. Bench testing only. Compliance with ISO 81060-1 (non-automated sphygmomanometer performance) and ISO 10993 (biocompatibility: cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation) verified.
Technological Characteristics
Aneroid manometer (aluminum or ABS); cuff bladder/tubing/bulb (neoprene, silicone rubber, natural latex, or PVC); nylon cuff. Manual inflation/deflation. Pressure range 0-300 mmHg, 2 mmHg intervals. Accuracy +/- 3 mmHg. Non-sterile, reusable. Biocompatibility per ISO 10993-1, -5, -10. Performance per ISO 81060-1.
Indications for Use
Indicated for measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in newborns, infants, children, young adults, and adults. Used by medical professionals or in home settings. No specific contraindications listed.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A blood pressure cuff is a device that has an inflatable bladder in an inelastic sleeve (cuff) with a mechanism for inflating and deflating the bladder. The cuff is used in conjunction with another device to determine a subject's blood pressure.
Predicate Devices
Aneroid sphygmomanometer, Model HS-20A, HS-20D, HS-201W, HS-201Y, HS-201C1, HS-201Q3 Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope, Model HS-50C, HS-50B, HS-50D (K192500)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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October 19, 2021
Shanghai Caremate Medical Device Co. Ltd Mark Chu General Manager Building 4, No. 281, Hong An Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai. 201503 China
Re: K211084
Trade/Device Name: Aneroid Sphygmomanometer, Aneroid Sphygmomanometer with stethoscope Regulation Number: 21 CFR 870.1120 Regulation Name: Blood Pressure Cuff Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: DXQ, LDE Dated: August 28, 2021 Received: September 16, 2021
Dear Mark Chu:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal
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statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
LCDR Stephen Browning Assistant Director Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Diagnostics and Monitoring Devices Office of Cardiovascular Devices Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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#### DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration
## Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known)
K211084
Device Name
Aneroid sphygmomanometer, Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope
Indications for Use (Describe)
The device is intended to be used by medical professionals or in the home for the measurement of systolic and diastolic pressure on new borns, infants, children, young adults. The device is intended to be manually attached to a patient and manually inflated along with a manual method for detecting Korotkoff sounds.
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
× Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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# 510(k) Summary
## Sponsor Identification and Designated Submission Correspondent
| Company name | Shanghai Caremate Medical Device Co. Ltd |
|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Address | Building 4, No. 281, Hong An Road, Zhujing Town, Jinshan<br>District, Shanghai, 201503, China |
| Establishment Registration Number | 3007699082 |
| Contact name | Mark Chu |
| Contact title | General Manager |
| Phone | +86-21-57341588 |
| Fax | +86-21-37284210 |
| Email | mark@carematemed.com |
## Date of Preparation: 9/8/2021
.
| Predicate Device Information | |
|------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 510(k) Number | K192500 |
| Trade Name | Aneroid sphygmomanometer, Model HS-20A, HS-20D, HS-201W, HS-201Y, HS-201C1, HS-201Q3<br>Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope, Model HS-50C, HS-50B, HS-50D |
| Proposed Device Information | |
|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Trade Name | Aneroid sphygmomanometer,<br>Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope |
| Classification Name | Blood pressure cuff |
| Regulatory Information | |
| Classification Product code | DXQ |
| Subsequent Product Code | LDE |
| Regulation Number | CFR 870.1120,<br>CFR 870.1875 |
| ReviewPanel | Cardiovascular |
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#### Indications for Use of Propose Device
The device is intended to be used by medical professionals or in the home for the measurement of systolic and diastolic pressure on new borns, infants, children, young adults. The device is intended to be manually attached to a patient and manually inflated along with a manual method for detecting Korotkoff sounds.
#### Device Description of Propose Device
The device is intended to be manually attached to a patient and manually inflated along with a manual method for detecting Korotkoff sounds. The proposed device is non-invasive, non-automated, non-sterile, reusable device.
The proposed device is consisting of manometer, cuff, cuff bladder, inflation bulb and with/without stethoscope. There are eight models including CM-BPM, CM-BPM-S, CM-BPM-D, CM-BPM-R, CM-PBPM-1, CM-PBPM-2, CM-PBPM-3 and CM-PBPM-C. The differences of eight models are on the size and material of manometer, material of cuff bladder, material of inflation bulb and stethoscope type if the device has stethoscope.
#### Non-Clinical Test Conclusion
Non clinical tests were conducted to verify that the proposed device met all design specifications as was Substantially Equivalent (SE) to the predicate device. The test results demonstrated that the proposed device complies with the following standards:
ISO 81060-1:2007 Non-invasive sphygmomanometers - Part 1: Requirements and test methods for non-automated measurement type [FDA recognition No .: 3-96].
ISO 10993-5:2009 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 5: Tests for in Vitro Cytotoxicity[FDA recognition No.: 2-245];
ISO 10993-10:2010 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 10: Tests for Irritation and Skin Sensitization[FDA recognition No .: 2-174];
#### Biocompatibility testing:
The biocompatibility evaluation for the cuff and stethoscope was conducted in accordance with the FDA Guidance "Use of International Standard ISO-10993, 'Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices Part 1: Evaluation and testing with a risk management process ." September 4, 2020, and International Standard ISO 10993-1 "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices - Part 1: Evaluation and Testing Within a Risk Management Process," as recognized by FDA. The testing items included:
- · Cytotoxicity
- · Sensitization
- · Irritation
#### Performance testing:
Non-invasive sphygmomanometers performance testing per ISO 81060-1:2007;
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## Clinical Test Conclusion
No clinical study is included in this submission.
## Comparison of Technology Characteristics
| ITEM | Proposed Device<br>Aneroid Sphygmomanometer | Predicate Device<br>K192500 | Rema<br>rk |
|----------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|
| Product<br>name | Aneroid sphygmomanometer,<br>Aneroid sphygmomanometer with<br>stethoscope | Aneroid sphygmomanometer,<br>Model HS-20A, HS-20D,<br>HS-201W, HS-201Y, HS-201C1,<br>HS-201Q3<br>Aneroid sphygmomanometer with<br>stethoscope, Model HS-50C,<br>HS-50B, HS-50D | |
| Product<br>Code | DXQ, LDE | DXQ, LDE | Same |
| Regulation<br>No. | 21 CFR 870.1120<br>21 CFR 870.1875 | 21 CFR 870.1120<br>21 CFR 870.1875 | Same |
| Class | II | II | Same |
| Indication<br>for Use | The device is intended to be used by<br>medical professionals or in the home<br>for the measurement of systolic and<br>diastolic pressure on new borns,<br>infants, children, young adults and<br>adults. The device is intended to be<br>manually attached to a patient and<br>manually inflated along with a<br>manual method for detecting<br>Korotkoff sounds. | The device is intended to be used by<br>medical professionals or in the<br>home for the measurement of<br>systolic and diastolic pressure. The<br>device is intended to be manually<br>attached to a patient and manually<br>inflated along with a manual<br>method for detecting Korotkoff<br>sounds. | Different 1 |
| Over-The<br>Counter<br>Use | Yes | Yes | Same |
| Where<br>used | Home, Hospital, healthcare facility,<br>ambulance etc. | Home, Hospital, healthcare facility,<br>ambulance etc. | Same |
| Target<br>population | New borns, infants, children, young<br>adults and adults | New borns, infants, children, young<br>adults and adults | Same |
| Anatomical<br>sites | Upper Arm (leg for child) | Upper Arm (leg for child) | Same |
| Measurement<br>Method | Auscultatory Korotkoff sounds<br>Method | Auscultatory Korotkoff sounds<br>Method | Same |
| Method | | | |
| Inflation | Manual by inflation bulb | Manual by inflation bulb | Same |
| Deflation | Manual deflation via valve | Manual deflation via valve | Same |
| Display | Aneroid Manometer | Aneroid Manometer | Same |
| The<br>monitor<br>scale | From 0 to 300 mmHg with a<br>minimum interval of 2 mmHg. | From 0 to 300 mmHg with a<br>minimum interval of 2 mmHg. | Same |
| Design of<br>the device | The device comprises tubing attached<br>to a soft inelastic cuff with an<br>integrated inflatable bladder that is<br>wrapped around the patient's limb and<br>secured by hook and loop closure. | The device comprises tubing<br>attached to a soft inelastic cuff with<br>an integrated inflatable bladder that<br>is wrapped around the patient's limb<br>and secured by hook and loop<br>closure. | SE |
| Design of<br>Stethoscope | Three types option:<br>Single head<br>Dual head<br>Sprague Rappaport | Three types option:<br>Single head<br>Dual head<br>Sprague Rappaport | Same |
| Materials | The manometer: aluminum or ABS<br>The tubing, inflation bulb and cuff<br>bladder: Neoprene or Silicon rubber<br>or Nature latex or PVC | The manometer: aluminum and<br>stainless steel materials.<br>The tubing, inflation bulb and cuff<br>bladder: PVC or nature latex. | Differ<br>ent 2 |
| | Cuff: Nylon cloth for outside layer. | Cuff: Nylon cloth for outside layer. | |
| Accuracy | Pressure: +/- 3 mmHg of reading. | Pressure: +/- 3 mmHg of reading. | Same |
| Cuff sizes | 31.49" × 8.66" (800mm*220mm)<br>24.41" × 6.89" (620mm*175mm)<br>20.47" × 5.51" (520mm*140mm)<br>13.4" × 4.33" (340mm*110mm)<br>9.84"×3.15" (250mm*80mm)<br>8.27" × 2.36" (210mm*60mm) | 780mm*220mm<br>615mm*175mm<br>540mm*145mm<br>500mm*140mm<br>345mm*110mm<br>255mm*75mm<br>185mm*55mm | Differ<br>ent 3 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Cuff<br>circumference | Fits arm circumferences<br>100mm-620mm, the standard cuff<br>should be available for use in<br>measuring a New born, infant, child's<br>leg blood pressure and for child, young<br>adult, and adult with larger arms | Fits arm circumferences<br>100mm-660mm, the standard cuff<br>should be available for use in<br>measuring a New born, infant,<br>child's leg blood pressure and for<br>child, young adult, and adult with<br>larger arms | Differ<br>ent 4 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Cuff<br>bladder<br>size | 13.39" × 6.69" (340mm*170mm)<br>12.2"×5.51" (310mm*140mm)<br>8.66"×4.72' (220mm*120mm)<br>6.69"×3.15" (170mm*80mm)<br>4.33" × 2.36" (110mm*60mm) | 180mm*370mm<br>145mm*315mm<br>120mm*220mm<br>80mm*150mm<br>60mm*120mm | Differ<br>ent 5 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Configurat<br>ion | Manometer, cuff, cuff bladder,<br>inflation bulb and with/without<br>stethoscope. | Manometer, cuff, cuff bladder,<br>inflation bulb and with/without<br>stethoscope. | Same |
| Biocompat<br>ibility | biocompatible as requirement of ISO<br>10993-1, ISO 10993-5, ISO 10993-10 | biocompatible as requirement of<br>ISO 10993-1, ISO 10993-5, ISO<br>10993-10 | Same |
| Performan<br>ce | compatible as requirement of ISO<br>81060-1 | compatible as requirement of ISO<br>81060-1 | Same |
### Table 1 Comparison of Technology Characteristics
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#### Different 1- Indications for use
The indications for use of proposed device include the target population, while the predicate device doesn't include this information. But they have the same target population, therefore, the proposed device and predicate device have the same indications for use.
#### Different 2- Material
The material of out shell of manometer, material of tubing and inflation bulb of proposed device is different from the predicate device. But these material is not the patient-contact material, therefore the difference on material does not raise new questions on safety and effectiveness of the proposed device.
#### Different 3 - Cuff sizes
The cuff sizes of proposed device are different from predicate device. However, the cuff size of proposed device is similar to the predicate device and the Cuff Circumference of the two devices is the same. The Velcro on cuff is designed to fit varies arm circumference. This difference doesn't raise new problems on the safety and effectiveness of the proposed device. Therefore, this difference on cuff size does not raise new questions on safety and effectiveness of the proposed device.
#### Different 4 - Cuff circumference
The arm circumferences for the proposed cuff is 100mm-620mm, and the arm circumferences for the predicate cuff is 100mm-660mm. The range of arm circumferences for proposed device is covered by that of the predicate device, the difference on cuff circumference does not raise new questions on safety and effectiveness of the proposed device.
#### Different 5 - Cuff bladder size
The cuff bladder size of the proposed device is partly different from predicate device. However, the cuff bladder size of proposed device is similar to the predicate device. It could fit varies requirements of users. This difference doesn't raise new problems on the safety and effectiveness of the proposed device. Therefore, this difference on cuff bladder size does not raise new questions on safety and effectiveness of the proposed device.
#### Conclusion
Based on the comparison and analysis above, the proposed devices are as safe, as effective, and performs as well as the legally marketed predicate device K192500.
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.