The Epidural Anesthesia Needles are intended to be used for injection into the epidural space/or placing the epidural catheter into the epidural space. The Spinal Anesthesia Needles are intended to be used for injection of local anesthetic agent into the subarachnoid cavity for pain management. The Combined Anesthesia Needles are intended for injection of local anesthetics into the spinal and epidural spaces of a patient to provide regional anesthesia. The administration of the spinal anesthesia allows rapid anesthesia onset and the placement of an epidural catheter allows for bolus injections or continuous infusion of local anesthetics or other drugs into the epidural space.
Device Story
Device consists of sterile, single-use anesthesia needles (Epidural, Spinal, and Combined sets) used by clinicians for neuraxial anesthesia. Epidural needles facilitate injection into the epidural space or catheter placement; spinal needles inject local anesthetic into the subarachnoid cavity; combined needles allow sequential spinal injection and epidural catheter placement. Needles feature stainless steel tubing, removable stylets to prevent lumen occlusion, and Luer-taper hubs. Combined sets include a conical locking fitting to secure the spinal needle within the epidural needle after dural puncture. Used in clinical settings for regional anesthesia and pain management. Output is the physical delivery of anesthetic agents; clinical decision-making relies on clinician assessment of patient anatomy and anesthesia requirements. Benefits include rapid onset of anesthesia and capability for continuous drug infusion.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data provided. Substantial equivalence supported by bench testing, including biocompatibility (ISO 10993), sterility (ISO 11135/11137), and mechanical performance (ISO 9626, ISO 7864, ISO 594).
Technological Characteristics
Stainless steel needle tubing (ISO 9626); Luer-taper fittings (ISO 594-1/2); EO sterilization (ISO 10993-7); single-use; manual operation; various gauges (14G-27G) and lengths. Biocompatibility per ISO 10993-4/5/10/11.
Indications for Use
Indicated for patients requiring regional anesthesia or pain management via injection of local anesthetics into the epidural space or subarachnoid cavity, or placement of an epidural catheter for continuous infusion.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An anesthesia conduction needle is a device used to inject local anesthetics into a patient to provide regional anesthesia.
CSEcure™ Combined Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia System with Lock (K993619)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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January 5, 2018
Zhejiang kindly Medical Devices Co., Ltd % Diana Hong General Manager Mid-Link Consulting Co., Ltd P.O. Box 120-119 Shanghai, 200120 China
Re: K171518
Trade/Device Name: Epidural Anesthesia Needles, Spinal Anesthesia Needles, Combined Anesthesia Needles Regulation Number: 21 CFR 868.5150 Regulation Name: Anesthesia Conduction Needle Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: BSP Dated: December 11, 2017 Received: December 13, 2017
Dear Diana Hong:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good
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manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/) and CDRH Learn (http://www.fda.gov/Training/CDRHLearn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (http://www.fda.gov/DICE) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
# Tara A. Ryan -S 2018.01.05 11:04:19 -05'00'
for Tina Kiang, Ph.D. Acting Director Division of Anesthesiology, General Hospital, Respiratory, Infection Control, and Dental Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K171518
Device Name
Spinal Anesthesia Needles, Epidural Anesthesia Needles, Combined Anesthesia Needles
### Indications for Use (Describe)
The Epidural Anesthesia Needles are intended to be used for injection into the epidural space/or placing the enidural catheter into the epidural space.
The Spinal Anesthesia Needles are intended to be used for injection of local anesthetic agent into the subarachnoid cavity for pain management.
The Combined Anesthesia Needles are intended for injection of local anesthetics into the spinal and epidural spaces of a patient to provide regional anesthesia. The administration of the spinal anesthesia onset and the placement of an epidural catheter allows for bolus injections or continuous infusion of local anesthetics or other drugs into the epidural space.
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|-------------------------------------------------|--|
|-------------------------------------------------|--|
Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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# Exhibit #2 510(k) Summary
This 510(k) Summary is being submitted in accordance with requirements of Title 21, CFR Section 807.92.
The assigned 510(k) Number: K171518
- 1. Date of Preparation: 01/02/2017
- 2. Sponsor Identification
## Zhejiang kindly medical devices Co., Ltd.
No.758, 5th Binhai Road, Binhai Industrial Park, Longwan District, 325025 Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PRC.
Establishment Registration Number: Not yet registered
Contact Person: Zenghua Zhang Position: General Manager Tel: +86-577-86872005 Fax: +86-577-86374972 Email: zhangzh@kdlchina.com
- 3. Designated Submission Correspondent
Ms. Diana Hong (Primary Contact Person) Ms. Ying Xu (Alternative Contact Person)
Mid-Link Consulting Co., Ltd P.O. Box 120-119, Shanghai, 200120, China
Tel: +86-21-22815850, Fax: 240-238-7587 Email: info@mid-link.net
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#### 4. Identification of Proposed Device
Trade Name: Spinal Anesthesia Needles Epidural Anesthesia Needles Combined Anesthesia Needles Common Name: Anesthesia conduction needle
#### Regulatory Information
Classification Name: Anesthesia conduction needle Classification: II; Product Code: BSP; Regulation Number: 21CFR 868.5150 Review Panel: Anesthesiology
Intended Use Statement:
The Epidural Anesthesia Needles are intended to be used for injection into the epidural space/or placing the epidural catheter into the epidural space.
The Spinal Anesthesia Needles are intended to be used for injection of local anesthetic agent into the subarachnoid cavity for pain management.
The Combined Anesthesia Needles are intended for injection of local anesthetics into the spinal and epidural spaces of a patient to provide regional anesthesia. The administration of the spinal anesthesia allows rapid anesthesia onset and the placement of an epidural catheter allows for bolus injections or continuous infusion of local anesthetics or other drugs into the epidural space.
Device Description
The proposed device, Epidural Anesthesia Needles are available in a series combination of needle size and length. The needle tubing is stabilized during puncture with use of an inner stylet. The stylet is withdrawn after the epidural anesthesia needle its anatomical site for neuraxial anesthesia. Then an epidural catheter is introduced into epidural cavities for convenience of injecting anesthetic continuously.
The proposed device, Spinal Anesthesia Needles are available in a series combination of needle size and length. The spinal anesthesia needle has a tightly fitting removable stylet that completely occludes the lumen to avoid block. The stylet is withdrawn after the spinal anesthesia needle has penetrated into the subarachnoid space for injecting anesthetic. The needles are available in Sprotte and Quincke two type.
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The proposed device, Combination Anesthesia Needle are instruments for a spinal (subarachnoid) injection of anesthetics, followed by the placement of an epidural catheter to allow modification of the spinal analgesia if necessary, or continuous infusion of local anesthetics into the epidural space for subsequent pain relief if required. The needles are a matched set. The epidural needle and the spinal needle are locked by conical fitting that enable the spinal needle to be locked into position once the dura has been pierced so that it is secured to the epidural needle to prevent accidental displacement.
- ર. Identification of Predicate Devices
Predicate Device 1 510(k) Number: K142553 Product Name: Uniever Disposable Epidural Anesthesia Needle
Predicate Device 2 510(k) Number: K141126 Product Name: UNIEVER Disposable Spinal Anesthesia Needle
Predicate Device 3 510(k) Number: K993619 Product Name: CSEcure™ Combined Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia System with Lock
- 6. Non-Clinical Test Conclusion
Non clinical tests were conducted to verify that the proposed device met all design specifications as was Substantially Equivalent (SE) to the predicate device. The test results demonstrated that the proposed device complies with the following standards:
- A ISO 9626:1991 AMD 1:2001 Stainless Steel Needle Tubing for the Manufacture of Medical Devices.
- A ISO 7864:1993 Sterile Hypodermic Needles for Single Use
- > ISO 594-1:1986 Conical fittings with a 6% (Luer) taper for syringes, needles and certain other medical equipment- Part 1: General requirements
- > ISO 594-2:1998 Conical fittings with 6% (Luer) taper for syringes, needles and certain other medical equipment- Part 2: Lock fittings
- > ISO 10993-7:2008 Biological evaluation of medical devices- Part 7: Ethylene oxide sterilization residuals;
- > ASTM F88/88M-09 Standard test method for seal strength of flexible barrier materials;
- > ASTM F1140/1140M-13 Standard test methods for internal pressurization failure resistance of
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unrestrained packages
- > USP38-NF33 <85> Bacterial Endotoxins Test
- > ISO 10993-5:2009 Biological evaluation of medical devices-Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity.
- > ISO 10993-10:2010 Biological evaluation of medical devices- Part 10: Test for irritation and delayed-type hypersensitivity
- > ISO 10993-11:2006 Biological evaluation of medical devices- Part 11: Tests for systemic toxicity
- > ISO 10993-4: 2002/Amd 1: 2006 Biological evaluation of medical devices- Part 4: Selection of tests for interactions with blood
- 7. Clinical Test Conclusion
No clinical study is included in this submission.
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#### 8. Substantially Equivalent (SE) Comparison
| Item | Proposed Device | Predicate Device 1 |
|---------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Product Code | BSP | K142553 |
| Regulation Number | 21 CFR 868.5150 | Same |
| Class | II | Same |
| Intended Use | The Epidural Anesthesia Needles are<br>intended to be used for injection into<br>the epidural space/or placing the<br>epidural catheter into the epidural<br>space. | The Uniever Disposable Epidural<br>Anesthesia Needle is intended to<br>be used for injection into the<br>epidural space/or placing the<br>epidural catheter into the epidural<br>space. |
| Configuration | Stylet Hub<br>Stylet<br>Needle Tube<br>Needle Hub<br>Needle Hub Insert<br>Protective Cap of Needle | Stylet Hub<br>Stylet<br>Needle Tube<br>Needle Hub<br>Needle Hub Insert<br>Protective Cap of Needle |
| Needle Gauge | 14G~22G | 14G~25G |
| Needle Length | 65mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm,<br>100mm, 110mm, 120mm, 150mm | 30~160mm |
| Sterile | EO Sterilized<br>10-6 | Same |
| Single Use | Single Use | Same |
| Needle Tip | Tuohy | Huber, Hustead and Crawford |
| Label/Labeling | Conform with 21 CFR 801 | Same |
| Biocompatibility | | |
| Cytotoxicity | No Cytotoxicity | Conform with ISO 10993 |
| Intracutaneous Reactivity | No Intracutaneous Reactivity | |
| Skin Sensitization | No Sensitization | |
| Acute Systemic Toxicity | No Systemic Toxicity | |
| Hemolysis | No Hemolysis | |
| Pyrogen | No Pyrogen | |
| Item | Proposed Device | Predicate Device 2 |
| Product Code | BSP | Same |
| Regulation Number | 21 CFR 868.5150 | Same |
| Class | II | Same |
| Intended Use | The Spinal Anesthesia Needles are<br>intended to be used for injection of<br>local anesthetic agent into the<br>subarachnoid cavity for pain<br>management. | UNIEVER Disposable Spinal<br>Anesthesia Needle is intended to<br>be used for injection of local<br>anesthetic agent into the<br>subarachnoid cavity for pain<br>management. |
| Configuration | Stylet Hub<br>Stylet<br>Needle Tube<br>Needle Hub<br>Needle Hub Insert<br>Protective Cap of Needle<br>Cannula Needle Tube | Stylet Hub<br>Stylet<br>Needle Tube<br>Needle Hub<br>Needle Hub Insert<br>Protective Cap of Needle<br>Cannula Needle Tube |
| Needle Gauge | 18G~27G | 18G~29G |
| Needle Length | 40mm, 50mm, 65mm, 70mm, 80mm,<br>90mm, 120mm | 30~150mm |
| Sterile | EO Sterilized<br>10-6 | Same |
| Needle Tip | Quincke and Pencile | Sharp and blunt |
| Single Use | Single Use | Same |
| Label/Labeling | Conform with 21 CFR 801 | Same |
| Biocompatibility | Conform with ISO 10993 | |
| Cytotoxicity | No Cytotoxicity | |
| Intracutaneous Reactivity | No Intracutaneous Reactivity | |
| Skin Sensitization | No Sensitization | |
| Acute Systemic Toxicity | No Systemic Toxicity | |
| Hemolysis | No Hemolysis | |
| Pyrogen | No Pyrogen | |
# Table 1 Comparison of Technology Characteristics for Epidural Anesthesia Needles
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| Table 2 Comparison of Technology Characteristics for Spinal Anesthesia Needles | | | | |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|
| | | | | |
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| Item | Proposed Device | Predicate Device 3 |
|---------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Product Code | BSP | K993619 |
| Regulation Number | 21 CFR 868.5150 | Same |
| Class | II | Same |
| Intended Use | The Combined Anesthesia Needles are intended for injection of local anesthetics into the spinal and epidural spaces of a patient to provide regional anesthesia. The administration of the spinal anesthesia allows rapid anesthesia onset and the placement of an epidural catheter allows for bolus injections or continuous infusion of local anesthetics or other drugs into the epidural space. | The combined spinal epidural needle kit is intended for injection of local anesthetics into the spinal and epidural spaces of a patient to provide regional anesthesia. The administration of the spinal anesthesia allows rapid anesthesia onset and the placement of an epidural catheter allows for bolus injections or continuous infusion of local anesthetics or other drugs into the epidural space. |
| Configuration | Stylet Hub<br>Stylet<br>Needle Tube<br>Needle Hub<br>Needle Hub Insert<br>Protective Cap of Needle<br>Cannula Needle Tube | Stylet Hub<br>Stylet<br>Needle Tube<br>Needle Hub<br>Needle Hub Insert<br>Protective Cap of Needle<br>Cannula Needle Tube |
| Needle Gauge and Length | Epidural Needle<br>14G~18G<br>60~120mm<br> | Spinal Needle<br>22G~27G<br>110~150mm |
| | Epidural Needle<br>17G, 18G | Spinal Needle<br>26G, 27G<br>132mm |
| | 90mm | |
| Sterile | EO Sterilized<br>10-6 | Same |
| Single Use | Single Use | Same |
| Label/Labeling | Conform with 21 CFR 801 | Same |
| Biocompatibility | | |
| Cytotoxicity | No Cytotoxicity | Conform with ISO 10993 |
| Intracutaneous Reactivity | No Intracutaneous Reactivity | |
| Skin Sensitization | No Sensitization | |
| Acute Systemic Toxicity | No Systemic Toxicity | |
| Hemolysis | No Hemolysis | |
| Pyrogen | No Pyrogen | |
| Table 3 Comparison of Technology Characteristics for Combined Anesthesia Needles | | | | | | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|--|
| | | | | | | |
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From above comparison table, the proposed devices have different combination of needle gauge and needle length compared with predicate devices. However, the different specification will be selected by physician per patient's condition. Therefore, this difference is not considered to affect substantially equivalence.
- Substantially Equivalent (SE) Conclusion 9.
Based on the comparison and analysis above, the proposed devices are determined to be Substantially Equivalent (SE) to the predicate devices.
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.