Penumbra Reperfusion Catheters and Separators As part of the Penumbra System, the Reperfusion Catheters and Separators are in the revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large vessel occlusive disease (within the internal carotid, middle cerebral - M1 and M2 segments, basilar, and vertebral arteries) within 8 hours of symptom onset. Patients who are ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or who fail IV t-PA therapy are candidates for treatment. Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device As part of the Penumbra System, the Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device is indicated for use in the revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large vessel occlusive disease (within the internal carotid, middle cerebral-Ml and M2 segments) within 8 hours of symptom onset. Patients who are ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or who fail IV t-PA therapy are candidates for treatment. Penumbra Aspiration Tubing As part of the Penumbra System, the Penumbra Sterile Aspiration Tubing is indicated to connect the Penumbra Reperfusion Catheters to the Penumbra Aspiration Pump. Penumbra Aspiration Pump The Penumbra Aspiration Pump is indicated as a vacuum source for Penumbra Aspiration Systems.
Device Story
Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device is an accessory to the Penumbra System; assists reperfusion catheters in thrombus removal via aspiration. Device delivered to intracranial target site via catheter; used by physicians in clinical settings. Principle of operation involves mechanical assistance to aspiration to draw clot into catheter. Output is successful revascularization (mTICI 2-3). Benefits include improved recanalization in acute ischemic stroke patients.
Clinical Evidence
Prospective, randomized, multi-center, non-inferiority trial (Penumbra 3D Trial) comparing 3D/Penumbra System (n=74) to Penumbra System alone (n=76). Primary effectiveness endpoint (mTICI 2-3) was 86.5% vs 85.5% (difference 1.0%, 90% CI: -8.4%, 10.3%). Primary safety endpoint (procedure-related SAEs at 24h) was 10.2% vs 15.1%. Secondary endpoint (mRS 0-2 at 90 days) was 38.0% vs 37.0% (p=1.0).
Technological Characteristics
Catheter-based thrombus removal device. Materials: 304 Stainless Steel, Nitinol, Platinum/Tungsten alloy, Gold/Silver solder, PTFE coating, FEP introducer sheath. Sterilization: Ethylene Oxide (EO). Single-use, sterile, non-pyrogenic. Dimensions: 4.5 mm OD, 20 mm length. No active electronic components; mechanical aspiration system.
Indications for Use
Indicated for revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large vessel occlusive disease (internal carotid, middle cerebral M1/M2, basilar, vertebral arteries) within 8 hours of symptom onset. Candidates include patients ineligible for or failing IV t-PA therapy.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A percutaneous catheter is a device that is introduced into a vein or artery through the skin using a dilator and a sheath (introducer) or guide wire.
Penumbra System ACE 68 Reperfusion Catheter (K161640)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
April 20, 2017
Penumbra, Inc. Ms. Michaela Mahl Senior Manager of Regulatory Affairs One Penumbra Place Alameda, California 94502
Re: K162901
Trade/Device Name: Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device Regulation Number: 21 CFR 870.1250 Regulation Name: Percutaneous Catheter Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: NRY Dated: March 20, 2017 Received: March 21, 2017
Dear Ms. Mahl:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA), You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices. good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you; however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting (reporting of medical devicerelated adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
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If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm.
Sincerely.
Carlos L. Pena-S
Carlos L. Peña, PhD, MS Director Division of Neurological and Physical Medicine Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K162901
Device Name Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device
### Indications for Use (Describe)
Penumbra Reperfusion Catheters and Separators
As part of the Penumbra System, the Reperfusion Catheters and Separators are in the revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large vessel occlusive disease (within the internal carotid, middle cerebral - M1 and M2 segments, basilar, and vertebral arteries) within 8 hours of symptom onset. Patients who are ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or who fail IV t-PA therapy are candidates for treatment.
Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device
As part of the Penumbra System, the Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device is indicated for use in the revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large vessel occlusive disease (within the internal carotid, middle cerebral-Ml and M2 segments) within 8 hours of symptom onset. Patients who are ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or who fail IV t-PA therapy are candidates for treatment.
### Penumbra Aspiration Tubing
As part of the Penumbra System, the Penumbra Sterile Aspiration Tubing is indicated to connect the Penumbra Reperfusion Catheters to the Penumbra Aspiration Pump.
Penumbra Aspiration Pump The Penumbra Aspiration Pump is indicated as a vacuum source for Penumbra Aspiration Systems.
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
| Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) | <div> <span style="font-size: 20px;">☑</span> </div> |
|----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) | <div> <span>☐</span> </div> |
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### 510(k) Summary
(as required by 21 CFR 807.92)
Pursuant to Section 12, Part (a)(i)(3A) of the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, Penumbra Inc. is providing the summary of Substantial Equivalence for the Penumbra System 3D Revascularization Device.
#### Sponsor/Applicant Name and Address 1
Penumbra, Inc. One Penumbra Place Alameda, CA 94502 USA
#### ನ Sponsor Contact Information
Michaela Mahl Senior Manager, Regulatory Affairs Phone: (510) 748-3288 FAX: (510) 217-6414 Email: mmahl@penumbrainc.com
#### 3 Date of Preparation of 510(k) Summary
April 19, 2017
#### 4 Device Trade or Proprietary Name
Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device
#### Device Classification 5
| Regulatory Class: | II Classification Panel: |
|----------------------|----------------------------------|
| | Neurology |
| Classification Name: | Percutaneous Catheter |
| Regulation Number: | 21 CFR §870.1250 |
| Product Code: | NRY (Catheter, Thrombus Removal) |
#### Predicate and Reference Devices 6
| 510(k) Number/<br>Clearance Date | Name of Predicate Device | Name of Manufacturer |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| Predicate Device | | |
| K160449 [25May2016] | Penumbra System and Penumbra Pump MAX | Penumbra, Inc. |
| Reference Devices | | |
| K153071 [23Dec2015] | Solitaire™ Platinum Revascularization<br>Device | Micro Therapeutics, Inc. d/b/a<br>ev3 Neurovascular |
| K161640 [12Jul2016] | Penumbra System ACE 68 Reperfusion<br>Catheter | Penumbra, Inc. |
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#### 7 Predicate Comparison
| | Predicate Device | Primary Reference Device | Subject Device |
|------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Predicate 510(k) | Penumbra System : K160449 | Solitaire™ Platinum<br>Revascularization Device:<br>K153071 | Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device:<br>K162901 |
| Classification | Class II, NRY | Same | Same |
| Indication for Use | Penumbra Reperfusion Catheters and<br>Separators<br>As part of the Penumbra System, the<br>Reperfusion Catheters and Separators are<br>indicated for use in the revascularization of<br>patients with acute ischemic stroke<br>secondary to intracranial large vessel<br>occlusive disease (within the internal carotid,<br>middle cerebral – M1 and M2 segments,<br>basilar, and vertebral arteries) within 8 hours<br>of symptom onset.<br><br>Penumbra Aspiration Tubing<br>As part of the Penumbra System, the<br>Penumbra Sterile Aspiration Tubing is<br>indicated to connect the Penumbra<br>Reperfusion Catheters to the Penumbra<br>Pump MAX.<br><br>Penumbra Pump MAX<br>The Penumbra Pump MAX is indicated as a<br>vacuum source for Penumbra Aspiration<br>Systems. | The Solitaire™ Platinum<br>Revascularization Device is<br>intended to restore blood flow by<br>removing thrombus from a large<br>intracranial vessel in patients<br>experiencing ischemic<br>stroke within 8 hours of symptom<br>onset. Patients who are ineligible<br>for intravenous tissue<br>plasminogen activator (IV t-PA)<br>or who fail IV t-PA therapy are<br>candidates for treatment. | Penumbra Reperfusion Catheters and<br>Separators<br>As part of the Penumbra System, the<br>Reperfusion Catheters and Separators are<br>indicated for use in the revascularization of<br>patients with acute ischemic stroke<br>secondary to intracranial large vessel<br>occlusive disease (within the internal<br>carotid, middle cerebral - M1 and M2<br>segments, basilar, and vertebral arteries)<br>within 8 hours of symptom onset. Patients<br>who are ineligible for intravenous tissue<br>plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or who fail<br>IV t-PA therapy are candidates for<br>treatment.<br><br>Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device As<br>part of the Penumbra System, the<br>Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device is<br>indicated for use in the revascularization of<br>patients with acute ischemic stroke<br>secondary to intracranial large vessel<br>occlusive disease (within the internal<br>carotid, middle cerebral – M1 and M2<br>segments) within 8 hours of symptom onset.<br>Patients who are ineligible for intravenous<br>tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or<br>who fail IV t-PA therapy are candidates for treatment. |
| | Predicate Device | Primary Reference Device | Subject Device |
| Predicate 510(k) | Penumbra System : K160449 | Solitaire™ Platinum<br>Revascularization Device:<br>K153071 | Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device:<br>K162901 |
| | | | treatment.<br>Penumbra Aspiration Tubing<br>As part of the Penumbra System, the<br>Penumbra Sterile Aspiration Tubing is<br>indicated to connect the Penumbra<br>Reperfusion Catheters to the Penumbra<br>Aspiration Pump.<br>Penumbra Aspiration Pump<br>The Penumbra Aspiration Pump is indicated<br>as a vacuum source for Penumbra<br>Aspiration Systems. |
| System | Aspiration Pump | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| Components | Aspiration Tubing | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| | Reperfusion Catheter | Micro Catheter | SAME as Predicate |
| Materials | Separators | Solitaire™ Platinum | 3D Revascularization Device |
| Push-wire | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Core wire | 304 Stainless Steel<br>or | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| | Nitinol | SAME | N/A |
| Outer coil | 304 Stainless Steel | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| Solder joint | Silver Solder (95% Sn / 5% Ag)<br>Gold Solder (80% Au / 20% Sn) | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| Coating | PTFE Green (PC 8-403G) | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| Shrink tubing | N/A | PTFE | N/A |
| | Predicate Device | Primary Reference Device | Subject Device |
| Predicate 510(k) | Penumbra System : K160449 | Solitaire™ Platinum<br>Revascularization Device:<br>K153071 | Penumbra 3D Revascularization Device:<br>K162901 |
| Distal Tip | | | |
| Outer coil | 304 Stainless Steel | N/A | SAME as Predicate |
| Inner coil /<br>Marker coils | Platinum Alloy (92% Pt / 8% W) | 90% Platinum / 10% Iridium | SAME as Predicate |
| Attachment tip | N/A | Unknown | 304 Stainless Steel |
| Solder joint | Gold Solder (80% Au / 20% Sn)<br>Silver Solder (95% Sn / 5% Ag) | N/A | Gold Solder (80% Au / 20% Sn)<br>Silver Solder (96.5% Sn / 3.5% Ag) |
| Stent | N/A | Nitinol | Same as Primary Reference |
| Radiopaque<br>Markers | N/A | 4 - 5 | Same as Primary Reference |
| Separator tip | Pebax 40D: green (026) ,yellow (032), blue<br>(041), purple (054) | N/A | N/A |
| ID band | Polyolefin (PET) | N/A | N/A |
| Introducer sheath | Pebax / Nylon | PTFE/Grilamid | FEP…
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.