K102259 · VATECH Co., Ltd. · JAK · Feb 18, 2011 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K102259
Device Name
DENTAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY X-RAY SYSTEM
Applicant
VATECH Co., Ltd.
Product Code
JAK · Radiology
Decision Date
Feb 18, 2011
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.1750
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Pediatric
Indications for Use
PaX-Flex3D is a computed tomography x-ray system intended to produce panoramic, cephalometric or cross-sectional images of the oral anatomy on a real time basis by computer reconstruction of x-ray image data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. It provides diagnostic details of the anatomic structures by acquiring 360° rotational image sequences of oral and maxillofacial area for a precise treatment planning in adult and pediatric dentistry. The device is operated and used by physicians, dentists, and x-ray technicians.
Device Story
PaX-Flex3D is a dental diagnostic imaging system utilizing a CMOS digital X-ray detector to acquire 360° rotational image sequences. It performs panoramic, cephalometric, and computed tomography (CT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial area. Operated by physicians, dentists, or technicians in a clinical setting, the device transforms X-ray data into 3D images via computer reconstruction. These images provide diagnostic details of anatomic structures, assisting clinicians in precise treatment planning for oral surgery or other dental procedures. The system supports real-time image acquisition and reconstruction, facilitating efficient clinical decision-making.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Performance evaluated against IEC 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-3, IEC 60601-2-7, IEC 60601-2-28, IEC 60601-2-32, IEC 60601-2-44, and IEC 60601-1-2 standards. Non-clinical considerations followed FDA guidance for Solid State X-ray Imaging Devices. All results were satisfactory.
Technological Characteristics
System utilizes CMOS digital X-ray detector; 50-90 kV tube voltage; 4-10 mA tube current; 0.5 mm focal spot size; 2.8 mm Al total filtration. Connectivity via DICOM 3.0. Electrical safety per IEC 60601 series. LDCP logic circuit architecture.
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult and pediatric patients requiring panoramic, cephalometric, or cross-sectional imaging of the oral and maxillofacial anatomy for treatment planning.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A computed tomography x-ray system is a diagnostic x-ray system intended to produce cross-sectional images of the body by computer reconstruction of x-ray transmission data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.
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K102259
# 510(k) Summary
# FEB 1 8 2011
This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with requirements of 21 CFR Part 872.1800.
Date
July 29, 2010
## Manufacturer
Vatech Co., Ltd.
23-4, Seogu-Dong, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-170, Korea Republic
Tel: +82-31-679-2081
Fax: +82-31-379-9587
Contact person: Mr. Choi Hyuk-jun
# United States Sales Representative (U.S. Designated agent)
VATECH America.
333 Meadowlands Parkway #303, Secaucus, NJ 07094, USA
Tel: +832-623-2099
Fax: +713-464-8880
Contact person: Mr. Dave Kim
### Trade/Proprietary Name:
PaX-Flex3D
#### Common Name:
Dental Computed Tomography X-ray System
#### Classification Name:
X-ray, Tomography, Computed, Dental (21CFR 892.1750, Product code OAS, Class2)
Description:
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PaX-Flex3D is a diagnostic imaging system which consists of multiple image acquisition modes; panorama, cephalometric, and computed tomography for implantation. Specifically designed for dental radiography of the teeth or jaws, PaX-Flex3D is equipped with extra-oral x-ray detector, panoramic radiography with an extra-oral x-ray tube, cephalometric radiography and computed tomographic radiography.
The computed tomography is a system based on CMOS digital X-ray detector. CMOS CT detector is used to capture scanned images in 3D for obtaining diagnostic information of teeth for oral surgery or other treatments. The device can also be operated as the panoramic and cephalometirc dental x-ray system based on CMOS X-ray detector.
#### Indication for use:
PaX-Flex3D is a computed tomography x-ray system intended to produce panoramic, cephalometric or cross-sectional images of the oral anatomy on a real time basis by computer reconstruction of x-ray image data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. It provides diagnostic details of the anatomic structures by acquiring 360° rotational image sequences of oral and maxillofacial area for a precise treatment planning in adult and pediatric dentishy, The device is operated and used by physicians, dentists, and x-ray technicians.
## Predicate Device:
| Manufacturer | : E-WOO Technology Co., Ltd. |
|---------------|---------------------------------------|
| Device | : PaX-Reve3D |
| 510(k) Number | : K090171 (Decision Date - 4/30/2009) |
### Substantial Equivalence:
The PaX-Flex3D described in this 510(k) has the same intended use and similar technical characteristics as PaX-Reve3D of E-WOO Technology Co., Ltd.
| Characteristic | Proposed<br>Vatech Co., Ltd.<br>PaX-Flex3D | Predicate<br>E-WOO Technology Co., Ltd.<br>PaX-Reve3D |
|------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 510(k) number | - | K090171 |
| Indications<br>for use | PaX-Flex3D is a computed<br>tomography x-ray system intended to<br>produce panoramic,<br>cephalometric or cross-sectional<br>images of the oral anatomy on a real<br>time basis by computer<br>reconstruction of x-ray image data<br>from the same axial plane taken at<br>different angles. It provides<br>diagnostic details of the anatomic<br>structures by acquiring 360°<br>rotational image sequences of oral<br>and maxillofacial area for a precise<br>treatment planning in adult and<br>pediatric dentistry. The device is<br>operated and used by physicians,<br>dentists, and x-ray technicians. | PaX-Reve3D is Computed<br>Tomography X-Ray System.<br>Real time - image acquisition.<br>Especially, advanced digital<br>imaging process allows<br>considerably efficient diagnosis,<br>all kind of information<br>management, real-time sharing of<br>image information on network.<br>Furthermore PaX-Reve3D is<br>equipped with the Flat Panel<br>Detector, CT sensor to capture a<br>3D X-ray Computed tomography<br>scanned image. |
| Performance<br>Specification | Panoramic, cephalometric and computed<br>tomography | Panoramic, cephalometric and<br>computed tomography |
| Input Voltage | 110V/230V~ | 110V/220V~ |
| Tube Voltage | 50-90 kV | 40-90kV |
| Tube Current | 4~10 mA | 2-10mA |
| Focal Spot Size | 0.5 mm | 0.5mm |
| Exposure Time | 9 - 24 s | 0.5s-30s (Various) |
| Size of Imaging<br>Volume | 8 x 5 cm | 14 x 12 cm |
| | 5 x 5 cm | 10 x 6 cm |
| | | 5x5 cm |
| Slice Width | 0.1mm min. | 0.1mm min. |
| Total Filtration | 2.8mmAl | 2.8mmAl |
| | 3.3 lp/mm - CT | 2.5 lp/mm - CT |
| Pixel<br>Resolution | 5 lp/mm - Panorama | 4.5 lp/mm - Panorama |
| | 5 lp/mm - Cephalometric | 3.94 lp/mm - Cephalometric |
| | 150 x 150 μm / 200 x 200 μm - CT | 200 μm - CT |
| Pixel Size | 100 x 100 μm - Panorama | 96 μm - Panorama |
| | 100 x 100 μm - Cephalometric | 127 μm - Cephalometric |
| Image Receptor | CT with Flat Panel Detector | CT with Flat Panel Detector |
| Chin Rest | Equipped Headrest | Equipped Headrest |
| Performance<br>Specification | Computed tomography | Computed tomography |
| Mechanical | Compact design | Compact design |
| Electrical | LDCP logic circuit | LDCP logic circuit |
| Software | DICOM 3.0 Format compatible | DICOM 3.0 Format compatible |
| Anatomical<br>Sites | Maxillofacial | Maxillofacial |
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510(k) Submission - PaX-Flex3D
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510(k) Submission - PaX-Flex3D
The indications for use, material, form factor, performance, and safety characteristics between PaX-Flex3D and the predicate device are the same. The primary difference is size, cosmetic, structure and component used only. Accordingly we can claim the substantially equivalence of PaX-Flex3D to the predicate device.
# Safety, EMC and Performance Data:
Electrical, mechanical, environmental safety and performance testing according to standard IEC 60601-1 (A1+A2, 1995), IEC 60601-1-3(Ed.1, 2006), IEC 60601-2-7 (1998), IEC 60601-2-28 (Ed.1, 1993), IEC 60601-2-32 (Ed.3, 2007), and IEC 60601-2044 (Ed.2+A1, 2002) was performed, and EMC testing were conducted in accordance with standard IEC 60601-1-2.
Non-clinical & Clinical considerations according to FDA Guidance "Guidance for the Submissions of 510(k)'s for Solid State X-ray Imaging Devices" was performed. All test results were satisfactory.
#### Conclusion:
In accordance with the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 CFR Part 807 and based on the information provided in this premarket notification. Vatech Co., Ltd. concludes that PaX-Flex3D is safe and effective and substantially equivalent to predicate device as described herein.
END
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Image /page/4/Picture/0 description: The image shows the seal of the Department of Health & Human Services USA. The seal features a stylized eagle with three stripes on its wings, symbolizing health, hope, and service. The words "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES USA" are arranged in a circular pattern around the eagle.
Public Health Service
Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Room - WO66-G609 Silver Spring. MD 20993-0002
Vatech Co., Ltd. c/o Mr. Dave Kim Medical Device Regulatory Affairs Vatech America 333 Meadowlands Parkway, #303 SECAUCUS NJ 07094
FFB 18 201
Re: K102259
> Trade Name: PaX-Flex3D Regulation Number: 21 CFR § 892.1750 Regulation Name: Computed tomography x-ray system Regulatory Class: II Product Code: JAK Dated: February 11, 2011 Received: February 15, 2011
Dear Mr. Kim:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug. and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into class II (Special Controls), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 800 to 895. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Parts 801 and 809); medical device reporting of
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medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); and good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (2) CFR Part 820). This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Parts 801 and 809), please contact the Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety at (301) 796-5450. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/industry/support/index.html.
Sincerely Yours.
Mary S Postel
Mary Pastel, ScD. Director Division of Radiological Devices Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(K) Number (if known):
Device Name: PaX-Flex3D
Classification: Dental Computed tomography X-ray system
Indications for Use:
PaX-Flex3D is a computed tomography x-ray system intended to produce panoramic, cephalometric or cross-sectional images of the oral anatomy on a real time basis by computer reconstruction of x-ray image data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. It provides diagnostic details of the anatomic structures by acquiring 360° rotational image sequences of oral and maxillofacial area for a precise treatment planning in adult and pediatric dentistry . The device is operated and used by physicians, dentists, and x-ray technicians.
Prescription Use
(Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
AND/OR Over-The-Counter Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation(ODE)
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(Division Sign-Off)
Division of Radiological Devices Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety
K102259
510K
Page 1 of 1
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.