The Heart Sync Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes are indicated for use in external pacing, defibrillation and monitoring applications as a non-sterile, disposable device for single patient use only. The electrodes provide the conductive interface between the defibrillator and/or the external transcutaneous (noninvasive) cardiac pacemaker and the patient's skin. The electrode is intended for use on pediatric patients whose weight is less than 25 kg. When a patient requires defibrillation, cardioversion or external pacing, these electrodes will be applied to the patient and connected to the instrument. This device is intended for use on defibrillators whose output is classified as low power (360 joule maximum). Compatible with Medtronic Physio Control, Zoll, Hewlett-Packard, Philips Medical, and Welch-Allyn models of monophasic and bi-phasic defibrillators, external pacemakers.
Device Story
Heart Sync Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes serve as conductive interface between patient skin and external defibrillators/pacemakers. Device consists of disposable, self-adhesive pads with polymer adhesive gel for uniform current distribution. Used in hospitals and paramedic settings for defibrillation, pacing, cardioversion, and monitoring. Radiotranslucent design allows pads to remain on patient during imaging procedures. Clinicians apply electrodes to patient and connect to compatible monophasic or bi-phasic defibrillator/pacemaker units. Facilitates effective energy delivery for cardiac therapy.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data. Substantial equivalence based on design, intended use, and adherence to performance standards (21 CFR 898.12; ANSI/AAMI DF-39).
Technological Characteristics
Non-sterile, disposable, self-adhesive electrodes. Features polymer adhesive gel for current distribution. Radiotranslucent construction. Compatible with monophasic and bi-phasic defibrillators/pacemakers. Meets 21 CFR 898.12 and ANSI/AAMI DF-39 standards.
Indications for Use
Indicated for pediatric patients weighing less than 25 kg requiring external pacing, defibrillation, cardioversion, or monitoring. Compatible with low-power (max 360J) monophasic and bi-phasic defibrillators and external pacemakers.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
Low-energy DC-defibrillator: A device that delivers into a 50 ohm test load an electrical shock of a maximum of 360 joules of energy used for defibrillating (restoring normal heart rhythm) the atria or ventricles of the heart or to terminate other cardiac arrhythmias. This generic type of device includes low energy defibrillators with a maximum electrical output of less than 360 joules of energy that are used in pediatric defibrillation or in cardiac surgery. The device may either synchronize the shock with the proper phase of the electrocardiogram or may operate asynchronously. The device delivers the electrical shock through paddles placed either directly across the heart or on the surface of the body. High-energy DC-defibrillator: A device that delivers into a 50 ohm test load an electrical shock of greater than 360 joules of energy used for defibrillating the atria or ventricles of the heart or to terminate other cardiac arrhythmias. The device may either synchronize the shock with the proper phase of the electrocardiogram or may operate asynchronously. The device delivers the electrical shock through paddles placed either directly across the heart or on the surface of the body.
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SEP 2 4 2008
## EXHIBIT 2
Heart Sync Inc. 5643 Plymouth Rd. Ann Arbor, Mi 48105 Phone: 800-828-4681 Fax: 734-213-5640 Contact: Stephen Shulman, President May 22, 2008 510(k) Summarv
- 1. Identification of the Device: Proprietary-Trade Name: "Heart Sync" Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes, model # Pediatric-100.
Classification Name: DC-defibrillator Common/Usual Name: Defibrillator Electrode
- 2. Equivalent legally marketed devices: This is identical in function to the Pad Pro K020288.
- Indications for Use: The Heart Sync Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes 3. are indicated for use in external pacing, defibrillation and monitoring applications as a non-sterile, disposable device for single patient use only. The electrodes provide the conductive interface between the defibrillator and/or the external transcutaneous (noninvasive) cardiac pacemaker and the patient's skin. The electrode is intended for use on pediatric patients whose weight is less than 25 kg. When a patient requires defibrillation, cardioversion or external pacing, these electrodes will be applied to the patient and connected to the instrument. This device is intended for use on defibrillators whose output is classified as low power (360 joule maximum).
Compatible with Medtronic Physio Control, Zoll, Hewlett-Packard, Philips Medical, and Welch-Allyn models of monophasic and bi-phasic defibrillators, external pacemakers.
- 4. Description of the Devices: Features & Benefits:
The electrodes are multifunction because they can be used for defibrillation, pacing, cardioversion, and monitoring. Heart Sync electrodes can be used on Physio Control, Zoll, Hewlett-Packard, Philips and Welch-Allyn makes and models of monophasic and bi-phasic defibrillator. Radiotranslucent "One Pad System" enables the pads to stay with the patient as they move through departments. Heart Sync has an electrode for any clinical need or patient situation. Heart Sync can provide onsite conversion of current cables to accept the Heart Sync electrodes. The polymer adhesive gel provides contact for uniform current distribution and more effective defibrillation and pacing.
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Model differentiation:
| Model | Feature/difference |
|-------------------------|----------------------------------|
| Pediatric PEDIATRIC-100 | Pad Conductive Area 35.3. sq cm. |
| Predicate K020288 | Pad Conductive Area 36.9 sq cm |
## 5. Safety and Effectiveness, comparison to predicate device:
| Comparison Areas | PadPro K 020288 | "Heart Sync"<br>Pediatric<br>PEDIATRIC-100 |
|---------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
| Indications for use | For use as disposable electrodes for<br>Semi-automatic and manual external<br>defibrillators for monitoring, pacing,<br>cardioversion, and defibrillation | SAME |
| Where used | Hospitals and Paramedic situations | SAME |
| Basic features | Radiotranslucent, non sterile, latex<br>free, single patient use, self<br>adhesive, in sealed foil pouch. | SAME |
| Standard met | 21CFR 898.12 Performance standard;<br>ANSI/AAMI DF-39 (3.3.19)<br>standard, self adhesive electrodes for<br>monitoring and defibrillation | SAME |
- 6. Conclusion In all respects, the Heart Sync System Defibrillator Electrodes are substantially equivalent to other electrodes that are legally marketed for this purpose. The device meets the standards referenced above.
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Image /page/2/Picture/1 description: The image shows the seal of the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) of the United States. The seal features a stylized eagle with its wings spread, symbolizing protection and service. The text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES • USA" is arranged in a circular pattern around the eagle, indicating the department's name and national affiliation.
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
SEP 24 L.
Heart Sync LLC c/o Mr. Stephen Shulman Managing Partner 5643 Plymouth Road Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Rc: K081442
Trade/Device Name: "Heart Sync" Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes Regulation Number: 21 CFR 870.5300 Regulation Name: DC-defibrillator (including paddles) Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: LDD Dated: September 15, 2008 Received: September 16, 2008
Dear Mr. Shulman:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality
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Page 2 -- Mr. Stephen Shulman
systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Center for Devices and Radiological Health's (CDRH's) Office of Compliance at (240) 276-3464. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding postmarket surveillance, please contact CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics' (OSB's) Division of Postmarket Surveillance at 240-276-3474. For questions regarding the reporting of device adverse events (Medical Device Reporting (MDR)), please contact the Division of Surveillance Systems at 240-276-3464. You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (240) 276-3150 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/industry/support/index.html.
Sincerely yours,
Qamee
Bram D. Zuckerman, M.D. Director Division of Cardiovascular Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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j) Indications for Use
510(k) Number
Device Name: "Heart Sync" Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes
The Heart Sync Pediatric Radiotranslucent Multifunction Electrodes are indicated for use in external pacing, defibrillation and monitoring applications as a non-sterile, disposable device for single patient use only. The electrodes provide the conductive interface between the defibrillator and/or the external transcutaneous (noninvasive) cardiac pacemaker and the patient's skin. The electrode is intended for use on pediatric patients whose weight is less than 25 kg. When a patient requires defibrillation, cardioversion or external pacing, these electrodes will be applied to the patient and connected to the instrument. This device is intended for use on defibrillators whose output is classified as low power (360 joule maximum).
Compatible with Medtronic Physio Control, Zoll, Hewlett-Packard, Philips Medical, and Welch-Allyn models of monophasic and bi-phasic defibrillators, external pacemakers.
Prescription Use X
OR
Over the Counter Use
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
(Per 21 CFR 801.109)
Qamel
ion Sianision of Cardiovascular Devices
KOS1442 510(k) Number.
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.
