K024235 · Dolphin Medical, Inc. · DQA · Mar 17, 2003 · Cardiovascular
Device Facts
Record ID
K024235
Device Name
DOLPHIN MEDICAL STAND-ALONE PULSE OXIMETER
Applicant
Dolphin Medical, Inc.
Product Code
DQA · Cardiovascular
Decision Date
Mar 17, 2003
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Special
Regulation
21 CFR 870.2700
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Pediatric
Indications for Use
The Dolphin Medical 2100 Pulse Oximeter is intended for continuous nonitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO-) and pulse rate (measured by an SpO2 sensor).
Device Story
Portable stand-alone pulse oximeter; calculates SpO2 and pulse rate via noninvasive optical sensing. Input: light absorption signals from two LEDs in sensor; processed by internal electronics/software to determine hemoglobin oxygenation ratio. Output: plethysmographic waveform, SpO2 value, pulse rate, alarm limits, trends, status messages on screen. Used in clinical settings; operated by healthcare professionals. Benefits: continuous monitoring of patient oxygenation status; provides real-time alerts for physiological changes.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Compliance with ISO 9919:1992, EN 865:1997, and ASTM 1415:1992 standards. Additional performance validation testing performed for Y sensor models (320, 360).
Technological Characteristics
Portable stand-alone monitor; 10cm x 27.5cm x 25cm; 4kg. Powered by 100-240 Vac or sealed lead-acid battery. Uses dual-LED optical sensing principle. Complies with IEC 601-1, IEC 601-1-1, IEC 601-1-2, ISO 9919, EN 865, ASTM 1415, and UL2601-1.
Indications for Use
Indicated for continuous noninvasive monitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO2) and pulse rate in adult, pediatric, and neonatal patients.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An oximeter is a device used to transmit radiation at a known wavelength(s) through blood and to measure the blood oxygen saturation based on the amount of reflected or scattered radiation. It may be used alone or in conjunction with a fiberoptic oximeter catheter.
Predicate Devices
Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories (K002036)
Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories (K012533)
Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories (K012626)
Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories (K020075)
Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories (K021959)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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# 510(K) SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS
Dolphin Medical 2100 Pulse Oximeter and Accessories 12/10/02
\$\sqrt{24}\$
## Submitter Company
Dolphin Medical - FL 13801 McCormick Dr Tampa, FL 33626
Contact: Jon Werner Phone: 813-818-7488 x216 Fax: 813-818-7488
## Sponsor Company
Dolphin Medical, Inc. 12525 Chadron Avenue Hawthorne, CA 90250
Contact: Tammy Conway Phone: 310-349-2308 Fax: 310-978-1816
### Manufacturing Facility
Opto Sensors (M) Sdn. Bhd. No. 6 Jalan Angkasa Mas 1 Tebrau Industrial Estate II 81100 Johor Bahru. Malaysia
### Common, Classification & Proprietary Names
Common Name: Oximeter Oximeter Class II - 21 CFR 870.2700 - 74 DQA Classification Name: Proprietary Name: Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories.
#### Intended Use
The Dolphin Medical 2100 Pulse Oximeter is intended for continuous nonitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO-) and pulse rate (measured by an SpO2 sensor).
#### Predicate Device
The Dolphin Medical Pulse Oximeter and Accessories is substantially equivalent to the following currently marketed device(s):
- . Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories #K002036, #K012533, #K012626, #K020075 and #K021959.
- -
The Dolphin Medical Pulse Oximeter Model 2100 and Accessories is a portable stand-alone device, connecting cable, and oximetry sensor(s) to noninvasively calculate the functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO2) and pulse rate for adult, pediatric and neonatal patients.
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The monitor consists of a screen that displays the pulse plethysmographic waveform, the pulse rate, SpOz value, the high and low SpO2 and pulse rate alarm limits, alarms, trends and status messages. It contains the electronic hardware and software that receives and calculates the signals from the LEDs within the sensor to determine the functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpQs) and pulse rate, and provide for the connection to the connecting cable.
The Dolphin Medical Pulse Oximeter Model 2100 is available in one configuration as a portable standalone oximeter that is 10 cm / 3.94 inches high, 27.5 cm / 10.83 inches wide, 25 cm / 9.84 inches deep and weighs about 4 kg / 8.8 lbs. The unit is powered either with a voltage input of 100-240 Vac, 50-60 Hz or with a sealed lead-acid battery with an operating time of approximately 4 hours based upon 2 Ampere hour battery (200mA OEM Module) and a charge time of about 4.5 hours to 80% capacity.
The extension cable connects between the monitor and oximetry sensor(s) and transfers LED drive power and the calibration drive to the oximetry sensor from the monitor receives the detector signal from the oximetry sensor.
The extension cable is available in one configuration and is approximately 8 feet / 2.44m in length, and the sensor(s) are approximately 18 inches / 45.72 cm in length.
The sensor(s) measure light absorption of blood from two light emitting diodes (LED's). Oxygen saturated blood absorbs light differently as compared to unsaturated blood. The amount of light absorbed by the blood is used to calculate the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in arterial blood.
The oximetry sensor is available in either a disposable configuration, and with one configuration for the extension cable (8 feet).
The Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories have been designed to comply with the following standards:
- 1. CSA C22.2 No. 601.1
- 2. IEC 601-1, Part 1 and Amendments 1 and 2
- 3. IEC 601-1-1, Part 1
- IEC 601-1-2, Part 1 4.
- ISO 9919: 1992 5.
- EN 865: 1997 6.
- 7. FDA Guidance Document for Pulse Oximeters: 9/7/1992
- 8. ASTM 1415:1992, and Draft 10.1
- 9. UL2601-1: Second Edition. 1997
- 10. IEC 60068-2-6
- 11. IEC 60068-2-27
- 12. IEC 60068-2-64
- 13. ISTA Procedure 2A
The Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories is substantially equivalent in design concepts, technologies and materials to the Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter Model No. 2100 and Accessories previously reviewed. Additional performance validation testing has been performed for the Y sensor models (320, 360) and has been included in this submission.
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Image /page/2/Picture/1 description: The image shows the seal of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The seal features a circular design with the department's name around the perimeter. Inside the circle is a stylized caduceus symbol, which is often associated with healthcare. The caduceus is depicted with a staff entwined by two snakes and topped with wings.
Public Health Service
MAR 1 7 2003
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
Mr. Jon Werner Quality Assurance Manager Dolphin Medical, Incorporated 13801 McCormick Drive Tampa, Florida 33626
Re: K024235
Trade/Device Name: Dolphin Medical Stand Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 Regulation Number: 870.2700 Regulation Name: Oximeter Regulatory Class: II Product Code: DQA Dated: March 7, 2003 Received: March 10, 2003
Dear Mr. Werner:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
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Page 2 - Mr. Werner
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4646. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsma/dsmamain.html
Sincerely yours.
Susan Runner, DDS, MA
Interim Director V Division of Anesthesiology, General Hospital, Infection Control and Dental Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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510(k) Number (if known):
Device Name: Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No., 2100
December 10, 2002
Indications for Use:
The Dolphin Medical Stand-Alone Pulse Oximeter, Model No. 2100 and Accessories are indicated for the continuous noninvasive monitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpQ2) and pulse rate (measured by an SpO2 sensor).
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE - CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
(Division Sign-Off) Division of Anesthesia, General Hospital, Infection Control, and Dental Devices (DAGID)
> KO24235 510(k) Number:
Prescription Use (Per 21 CFR 801.109)
OR
over-the-counter Use
v. General Hospital.
510(k) Number .
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.