K232928 · Wisdom Technologies., Inc. · QKB · May 7, 2024 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K232928
Device Name
DeepContour (V1.0)
Applicant
Wisdom Technologies., Inc.
Product Code
QKB · Radiology
Decision Date
May 7, 2024
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.2050
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
AI/ML, Software as a Medical Device, Real-World Evidence
Real-World Evidence
Submission
Device
Sponsor
RWD Sources
RWE Use Summary
Key Tags
K232928 · May 7, 2024
DeepContour (V1.0)
Wisdom Technologies., Inc.
Retrospective clinical CT images from Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Retrospective clinical data was used to validate the performance of the DeepContour auto-segmentation software by comparing its output against ground truth annotations established by radiation oncologists.
MAE 43.98±10.74 HU; RMSE 117.58±28.22; PSNR 22.23±2.61; SSIM 0.680±0.050.
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Planning CT images (moving) and CBCT images (fixed).
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Indications for Use
DeepContour is a deep learning based medical imaging software that allows trained healthcare professionals to use DeepContour as a tool to automatically process CT images. In addition, DeepCoutour is suitable for the following conditions: 1. Creation of contours using deep-learning algorithms , support quantitative analysis, organ HU distribution statistics, transfer contour files to TPS, and create management archives for patients. 2. Analyze the anatomical structure at different anatomical positions. 3. Rigid and elastic registration based on CT. 4. 3D reconstruction, editing and other visual tools based on organ contours
Device Story
DeepContour is a deep learning-based software for processing CT images in radiation therapy workflows. It accepts DICOM CT images as input and uses deep learning models to automatically segment organs at risk (OARs) and anatomical structures. The device performs rigid and elastic registration, quantitative analysis, and 3D reconstruction. It produces RTSTRUCT files for export to Treatment Planning Systems (TPS). Used in clinical environments by trained healthcare professionals, the software includes an interactive interface for reviewing and editing auto-generated contours. By automating the time-consuming contouring process, it assists clinicians in radiation therapy planning, potentially improving workflow efficiency and consistency in target delineation.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Performance validated using 203 CT images: 100 clinical cases from Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 103 public dataset cases (LCTSC and Pancreas-CT). Primary endpoint was Dice similarity coefficient and Average Symmetric Surface Distance (ASSD). Results showed comparable or superior performance to predicate devices across multiple anatomical regions (Head & Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis).
Technological Characteristics
Software-based medical image management and processing system. Utilizes deep learning algorithms for automated segmentation. Compatible with DICOM-compliant CT scanners and Treatment Planning Systems. Supports local and cloud-based deployment. Windows-based application. No patient contact.
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult patients requiring CT image processing for radiation therapy planning, including contouring of organs at risk, quantitative analysis, anatomical structure analysis, rigid/elastic registration, and 3D reconstruction.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A medical image management and processing system is a device that provides one or more capabilities relating to the review and digital processing of medical images for the purposes of interpretation by a trained practitioner of disease detection, diagnosis, or patient management. The software components may provide advanced or complex image processing functions for image manipulation, enhancement, or quantification that are intended for use in the interpretation and analysis of medical images. Advanced image manipulation functions may include image segmentation, multimodality image registration, or 3D visualization. Complex quantitative functions may include semi-automated measurements or time-series measurements.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls; voluntary standards—Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Std., Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Std., Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) Test Pattern).
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May 7, 2024
Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the left, there is a seal with an abstract design and the text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES-USA" arranged around it. To the right, there is a blue square with the letters "FDA" in white, followed by the words "U.S. FOOD & DRUG" in blue, and "ADMINISTRATION" in a smaller font size below it.
Wisdom Technologies., Inc. % Wei Wang Regulatory Consultant 11 Longstreet IRVINE, CA 92620
Re: K232928
Trade/Device Name: DeepContour (V1.0) Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.2050 Regulation Name: Medical Image Management And Processing System Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: QKB Dated: April 5, 2024 Received: April 5, 2024
Dear Wei Wang:
We have reviewed your section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database available at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Additional information about changes that may require a new premarket notification are provided in the FDA guidance documents entitled "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99812/download) and "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Software Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99785/download).
Your device is also subject to, among other requirements, the Quality System (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820), which includes, but is not limited to, 21 CFR 820.30, Design controls; 21 CFR 820.90, Nonconforming
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product; and 21 CFR 820.100, Corrective and preventive action. Please note that regardless of whether a change requires premarket review, the QS regulation requires device manufacturers to review and approve changes to device design and production (21 CFR 820.30 and 21 CFR 820.70) and document changes and approvals in the device master record (21 CFR 820.181).
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR Part 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR Parts 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
Loran Werchner
Lora D. Weidner, Ph.D. Assistant Director Radiation Therapy Team DHT8C: Division of Radiological Imaging and Radiation Therapy Devices OHT8: Office of Radiological Health Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
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### Indications for Use
Submission Number (if known)
K232928
Device Name
DeepContour (V1.0)
#### Indications for Use (Describe)
DeepContour is a deep learning based medical imaging software that allows trained healthcare professionals to use DeepContour as a tool to automatically process CT images. In addition, DeepCoutour is suitable for the following conditions:
1. Creation of contours using deep-learning algorithms , support quantitative analysis, organ HU distribution statistics, transfer contour files to TPS, and create management archives for patients.
2. Analvze the anatomical structure at different anatomical positions.
3. Rigid and elastic registration based on CT.
4. 3D reconstruction, editing and other visual tools based on organ contours
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
he-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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## K232928
Image /page/3/Picture/1 description: The image shows a logo with a stylized human figure in the center, surrounded by radiating lines. The figure is placed within a blue, semi-circular shape. To the right of the figure, there are Chinese characters followed by the words "WISDOM TECH" in blue font. The logo appears to represent a technology company, possibly focused on human-centered solutions.
# 510(k) Summary
The following information is provided as required by 21 CFR 807.92
#### 1. SUBMITTER
Name: Wisdom Technologies., Inc.
Address: 4th Floor, Building F2, Phase II, Innovation Industrial Park, Hefei, Anhui, China 230088
Phone: +86-0551-65116387
Email: registration(@wisdom-tech.online
Contact Person: Wei Wang, Consultant, Regulatory Affairs Phone: 949-7849283
Date Prepared: August 24, 2023
#### 2. DEVICE
Subject Device Name: DeepContour v1.0 Common/Trade Name: DeepContour Product Code and Classification: Medical Image Management And Processing System 21 CFR 892.2050 | QKB | Class II
#### 3. PREDICATE DEVICE
Primary: AI-Rad CAI-Rad Companion Organs RT (K221305) Siemens Reference: Contour ProtégéAI (K223774) MIM Software
#### 4. DEVICE DESCRIPTION
DeepContour is a deep learning based medical imaging software that allows trained healthcare professionals to use DeepContour as a tool to automatically process CT images. DeepContour contouring workflow supports CT input data and produces RTSTRUCT outputs. The organ segmentation can also be combined into templates, which can be customized by different hospitals according to their needs. DeepContour provides an interactive contouring application to edit and review the contours automatically generated by DeepContour.
#### 5. INDICATIONS FOR USE
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DeepContour is a deep learning based medical imaging software that allows trained healthcare professionals to use DeepContour as a tool to automatically process CT images. In addition, DeepCoutour is suitable for the following conditions:
1). Creation of contours using deep-learning algorithms , support quantitative analysis, organ HU distribution statistics, transfer contour files to TPS, and create management archives for patients.
2). Analyze the anatomical structure at different anatomical positions.
- 3). Rigid and elastic registration based on CT.
- 4). 3D reconstruction, editing and other visual tools based on organ contours
### 6. COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH PREDICATE DEVICE
The primary technological components of DeepContour and its predicate device are to achieve the deep learning based medical imaging software functions that allows trained healthcare professionals to automatically process CT images. Both are software devices that receive inputs related to radiological images; Both generate contours as output that may be used as input for radiation Treatment Planning Systems and interactive contouring applications to review and edit; Both are software devices for prescription use in a professional environment with no patient contact.
There are no known differences in technological characteristics between the subject device and the predicate device that raise any questions of safety or effectiveness. The technological characteristics of the subject device are believed to be substantially equivalent to the predicate device.
| Area of<br>Comparison | Subject Device-<br>DeepContour | Primary-AI-Rad CAI-<br>Rad Companion Organs<br>RT (K221305) Siemens | Reference-Contour<br>ProtégéAI(K223774)<br>MIM Software |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Regulation<br>Number/code | 21 CFR 892.2050 QKB | 22 CFR 892.2050 QKB | 21 CFR 892.2050 QKB |
| Regulation Name | Medical Image Management<br>And Processing System | Medical Image Management<br>And Processing System | Medical Image<br>Management And<br>Processing System |
| Indications for<br>Use | DeepContour is a deep<br>learning based medical<br>imaging software that allows<br>trained healthcare<br>professionals to use<br>DeepContour as a tool to<br>automatically process CT<br>images. In addition,<br>DeepCoutour is suitable for<br>the following conditions:<br>1. Creation of contours using<br>deep-learning algorithms ,<br>support quantitative analysis,<br>organ HU distribution<br>statistics, transfer contour files<br>to TPS, and create<br>management archives for<br>patients.<br>2. Analyze the anatomical<br>structure at different<br>anatomical positions.<br>3. Rigid and elastic registration<br>based on CT.<br>4. 3D reconstruction, editing<br>and other visual tools based on<br>organ contours | AI-Rad Companion Organs<br>RT is a post-processing<br>software intended to<br>automatically contour<br>DICOM CT imaging data<br>using deep-learning-based<br>algorithms.<br>Contours that are generated<br>by AI-Rad Companion<br>Organs RT may be used as<br>input for clinical workflows<br>including external beam<br>radiation therapy treatment<br>planning. AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT must<br>be used in conjunction with<br>appropriate software such as<br>Treatment Planning Systems<br>and Interactive Contouring<br>applications, to review, edit,<br>and accept contours<br>generated by AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT.<br>The output of AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT in<br>the format of RTSTRUCT<br>objects are intended to be<br>used by trained medical<br>professionals.<br>The software is not intended<br>to automatically detect or<br>contour lesions. Only<br>DICOM images of adult<br>patients are considered to be<br>valid input. | Trained medical<br>professionals use Contour<br>ProtégéAI as a tool to<br>assist in the automated<br>processing of digital<br>medical images of<br>modalities CT and MR, as<br>supported by ACR/NEMA<br>DICOM 3.0. In addition,<br>Contour ProtégéAI<br>supports the following<br>indications:<br>• Creation of contours<br>using machine-learning<br>algorithms for applications<br>including, but not limited<br>to, quantitative<br>analysis, aiding adaptive<br>therapy, transferring<br>contours to radiation<br>therapy treatment planning<br>systems, and archiving<br>contours for patient<br>follow-up and<br>management.<br>• Segmenting anatomical<br>structures across a variety<br>of CT anatomic locations.<br>• And segmenting the<br>prostate, the seminal<br>vesicles, and the urethra<br>within T2-weighted MR<br>images.<br>Appropriate image<br>visualization software<br>must be used to review<br>and, if necessary, edit |
| | | | results automatically<br>generated by Contour<br>ProtégéAI. |
| Device<br>description | DeepContour is a deep<br>learning based medical<br>imaging software that allows<br>trained healthcare<br>professionals to use<br>DeepContour as a tool to<br>automatically process CT<br>images. DeepContour<br>contouring workflow supports<br>CT input data and produces<br>RTSTRUCT outputs. The<br>organ segmentation can also<br>be combined into templates,<br>which can be customized by<br>different hospitals according to<br>their needs.<br>DeepContour provides an<br>interactive contouring<br>application to edit and review<br>the contours automatically<br>generated by DeepContour. | AI-Rad Companion Organs<br>RT is a post-processing<br>software used to<br>automatically contour<br>DICOM CT imaging data<br>using deep-learning-based<br>algorithms. AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT<br>contouring workflow<br>supports CT input data and<br>produces RTSTRUCT<br>outputs. The<br>configuration of the organ<br>database and organ<br>templates defining the<br>organs and structures to be<br>contoured based on the input<br>DICOM data is managed via<br>a configuration interface.<br>Contours that are generated<br>by AI-Rad Companion<br>Organs RT may be used as<br>input for clinical workflows<br>including external beam<br>radiation therapy treatment<br>planning.<br>The output of AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT, in<br>the form of RTSTRUCT<br>objects, are intended to be<br>used by trained medical<br>professionals. The output of<br>AI-Rad Companion Organs<br>RT must be used in<br>conjunction with appropriate<br>software such as Treatment<br>Planning Systems and<br>Interactive Contouring<br>applications, to review, edit,<br>and accept contours<br>generated by AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT<br>application.<br>At a high-level, AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT<br>includes the following<br>functionality: 1. Automated<br>contouring of Organs at Risk<br>(OAR) workflow<br>a. Input -DICOM CT<br>b. Output - DICOM | Contour ProtégéAI is an<br>accessory to MIM<br>software that automatically<br>creates contours on<br>medical images through<br>the use of machine-<br>learning algorithms. It is<br>designed for use in the<br>processing of medical<br>images and operates on<br>Windows, Mac, and Linux<br>computer systems.<br>Contour ProtégéAI is<br>deployed on a remote<br>server using the MIMcloud<br>service for data<br>management and transfer;<br>or locally on the<br>workstation or server<br>running MIM software. |
| | | RTSTRUCT<br>2. Organ Templates<br>configuration (incl. Organ<br>Database)<br>3. Web-based preview of<br>contouring results to accept<br>or reject the generated<br>contours. | |
| Algorithm | Deep Learning | Deep Learning | Machine-learning |
| Segmentation of<br>Organ at Risk in<br>the Anatomic<br>Regions | Head & Neck, Thorax,<br>Abdomen & Pelvis<br>(82 OARs) | Head & Neck, Thorax,<br>Abdomen & Pelvis<br>Head & Neck lymph<br>nodes<br>(108 OARs) | Head & Neck, Prostate,<br>Thorax, Abdomen, Lungs<br>& Liver, MRT structures<br>(spleen, pelvic lymph<br>nodes, descending<br>aorta, bone) |
| Compatible<br>Modality | CT Images | CT Images | CT & MR |
| Compatible<br>Scanner Models | No Limitation on scanner<br>model,<br>DICOM compliance required. | No Limitation on scanner<br>model,<br>DICOM compliance<br>required. | No Limitation on scanner<br>model,<br>DICOM compliance<br>required. |
| Compatible<br>Treatment<br>Planning System | No Limitation on TPS model,<br>DICOM<br>compliance required. | No Limitation on TPS<br>model, DICOM<br>compliance required. | No Limitation on TPS<br>model, DICOM<br>compliance required. |
| Contraindications | Adult use only | Adult use only | Adult use only |
| Target<br>Population | DeepContour is designed for<br>use only in adult populations<br>for whom relevant modality<br>scans , including head and<br>neck, thorax, abdomen, and<br>pelvis, are available . | AI-Rad Companion Organs<br>RT is designed for use only<br>in adult populations. AI-Rad<br>Companion Organs RT is<br>designed for any patient for<br>whom relevant modality<br>scans are available. More<br>specifically, the software is<br>validated on previously<br>acquired CT DICOM<br>volumes for radiation<br>therapy treatment planning,<br>including, head and neck, | No public record found |
| Clinical condition<br>the device is<br>intended to<br>diagnose, treat or<br>manage | Limited to patients previously<br>selected for Radiation<br>Therapy. | Limited to patients<br>previously selected for<br>Radiation Therapy. | Limited to patients<br>previously selected for<br>Radiation Therapy. |
| Software<br>Architecture | Server-based application<br>supporting<br>Windows and Local<br>deployment on Windows. | AI-Rad Companion<br>(Engine) architecture<br>enabling the deployment of<br>AI Rad Companion Organs<br>RT using Edge and in the<br>Cloud. The UI is provided<br>using a webbased interface. | Server-based application<br>supporting<br>Linux-based OS and Local<br>deployment on Windows<br>or Mac |
| Deployment<br>Feature | locally deployed or Cloud-<br>based | Edge & Cloud Deployment | Cloud-based or locally<br>deployed |
| Organ Templates | Creating, editing and deletion<br>of organ templates. Customize<br>predefined structure database<br>with mapping to international<br>nomenclature schemes. | Creating, editing and<br>deletion of organ templates.<br>Customize predefined<br>structure database with<br>mapping to international<br>nomenclature schemes. | No public record found |
| Automated<br>workflow | DeepContour automatically<br>processes input image data and<br>sends the results as DICOM-<br>RT Structure Sets to a user-<br>configurable target node. | AI-Rad Companion Organs<br>RT automatically processes<br>input image data and sends<br>the results as DICOM-RT<br>Structure Sets to a user-<br>configurable target node. | Automatic contouring<br>working using machine-<br>learning |
| Contour<br>visualization and<br>editing feature | DeepContour provides basic<br>result preview of automatic<br>segmentation results, and<br>editing feature of the<br>automatic segmented contour. | AI-Rad Companion Organs<br>RT provides basic result<br>preview of automatic<br>segmentation results, and no<br>editing feature of the<br>automatic segmented<br>contour. | No public record found |
#### Table 1. Substantial Equivalence Comparison
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| Segmentation<br>Performance | The target performance was<br>validated using 100 cases. The<br>mean and standard deviation<br>Dice coefficients, along with<br>the lower 95th percentile<br>confidence bound were<br>calculated. | The target performance was<br>validated using 113 cases<br>distributed to two cohorts.<br>Cohort A is clinical routine<br>treatment planning CT and it<br>is split into two sub-cohort<br>and Cohort B is PET-CT<br>data. To objectively evaluate<br>the target performance, the<br>DICE coefficient, the<br>absolute symmetric surface<br>distance (ASSD) and the fail<br>rate was evaluated. The<br>segmentation performance<br>of the subject and reference<br>device were equivalent as<br>well as the overall<br>performance compared to<br>the predicate device. | 739 CT Images from 12<br>clinical sites were used for<br>testing. The mean and<br>standard deviation Dice<br>coefficients, along with the<br>lower 95th percentile<br>confidence bound were<br>calculated. |
|-------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| User Interface -<br>Results Preview<br>(Confirmation) | Basic visualization<br>functionality of original data<br>and generated contours | Basic visualization<br>functionality of original data<br>and generated contours | Basic visualization<br>functionality of original<br>data and generated<br>contours |
| User Interface<br>Configuration | Configuration UI | Configuration UI | Configuration UI |
| Automated<br>Workflow to TPS | Results send to Confirmation<br>UI & Optional bypassing of<br>Confirmation UI to TPS | Results send to<br>Confirmation UI & Optional<br>bypassing of Confirmation<br>UI to TPS…
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.