K061479 · 3D Line Medical Systems S.R.L. · HAW · Apr 5, 2007 · Neurology
Device Facts
Record ID
K061479
Device Name
ARGOS
Applicant
3D Line Medical Systems S.R.L.
Product Code
HAW · Neurology
Decision Date
Apr 5, 2007
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 882.4560
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
3rd-Party Reviewed
Indications for Use
Argos is intended as an aid to the surgeon for precisely locating anatomical structures on the human body in either open or percutaneous procedures. It links tracked probes to virtual computer image space on a patient's preoperative or intraoperative image data. The system is indicated for any medical condition in which the use of stereotactic surgery may appropriate and where the reference to a rigid anatomical structure, such as the skull, a long bone, or vertebra can be identified relative to medical images such as CT, MR, fluoroscopic or ultrasound images. Example procedures include but are not limited to: Cranial Procedures: Cranial biopsies Tumor resection Craniotomies/Craniectomies Skull base procedures Thalamotomies/Pallidotomies Spinal Procedures: Spinal implant procedures such as pedicle screw placement ENT procedures: Transsphenoidal procedures Intranasal procedures Sinus procedures, such as Maximillary anstrostomies, Ethmoidectomies Sphenoidotomies/Sphenoid explorations, Turbinate resection and Frontal sinusotomies
Device Story
ARGOS is a computer-assisted stereotactic surgery system; aids surgeons in locating anatomical structures and defining lesion relations to surrounding anatomy. Input: preoperative or intraoperative CT, MRI, fluoroscopic, or ultrasound images. Operation: system constructs 3D representation of patient anatomy; infrared cameras track wireless passive instruments (fitted with retro-reflective markers) via triangulation; system visualizes tracked probe position relative to 3D virtual anatomy on a monitor. Used in OR by surgeons; facilitates surgical planning and intraoperative navigation. Output: real-time visual feedback of instrument position relative to patient anatomy. Benefit: enables precise surgical approach and verification of anatomical reference points during open or percutaneous procedures.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data provided; bench testing only.
Technological Characteristics
System components: controller with touchscreen, infrared camera system (standalone, microscope-mounted, or controller-mounted), localizers, and pointers. Tracking: optical, infrared-based, passive markers. Connectivity: workstation for planning. Dimensions: Main unit 152x51x54cm, 80kg. Sterilization: not specified.
Indications for Use
Indicated for patients undergoing stereotactic surgery where reference to rigid anatomical structures (skull, long bone, vertebra) can be identified via CT, MR, fluoroscopic, or ultrasound images. Applicable for cranial, spinal, and ENT procedures.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A stereotaxic instrument is a device consisting of a rigid frame with a calibrated guide mechanism for precisely positioning probes or other devices within a patient's brain, spinal cord, or other part of the nervous system.
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# APR 5 - 2007 061479
## APPENDIX 2
## 510(k) Summary of Safety and Effectiveness for ARGOS
#### Submitted By:
3D Line Medical System ,srl Address: via Bernardo Rucellai 23 - 20161 MILAN - ITAL Y Tel.: + 39 02 2550161 Fax: + 39 02 25501642
Contact Person: Marco Luzzara, Director, QA Manager
Summary Date: January 18,2006
Device Trade Name: ARGOS
Common Name: Image guided surgery system
Classification name: instrument, stereotaxic.
Predicate Device:
Vectorvision, (K003589) manufactured by BRAINLAB AG Ammerthalstrasse 8 Heimstetten, GM 85551
#### Description of the Device:
Argos is a system for computer-assisted stereotactic surgery. It is designed to be used as an aid to the location of, and surgical approach to, lesions within the anatomical structures on the human body and to help define the exact anatomical relations of such lesions to surrounding structures.
Prior to the brain surgery, the Argos system acquires contiguous MRI or CT scans of the area containing the lesion and uses them to construct an accurate three-dimensional representation of the patient's anatomy used initially to facilitate surgical planning. During the operation the Argos system continuously monitors the position of a pointing instrument, used by the surgeon, and visualizes it on a monitor screen in relation to the three-dimensional virtual anatomy of the patient. It is therefore possible to verify during the operation that the real position of various anatomical reference points, including the lesion, corresponding to those identified during surgical planning.
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#### Intended use of the device:
Argos is intended as an aid to the surgeon for precisely locating anatomical structures on the human body in either open or percutaneous procedures. It links tracked probes to virtual computer image space on a patient's preoperative or intraoperative image data. The system is indicated for any medical condition in which the use of stereotactic surgery may appropriate and where the reference to a rigid anatomical structure, such as the skull, a long bone, or vertebra can be identified relative to medical images such as CT, MR , fluoroscopic or ultrasound images.
Example procedures include but are not limited to:
Cranial Procedures: Cranial biopsies Tumor resection Craniotomies/Craniectomies Skull base procedures Thalamotomies/Pallidotomies
Spinal Procedures: Spinal implant procedures such as pedicle screw placement
ENT procedures: Transsphenoidal procedures Intranasal procedures Sinus procedures, such as Maximillary anstrostomies. Ethmoidectomies Sphenoidotomies/Sphenoid explorations, Turbinate resection and Frontal sinusotomies
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### Substantial Equivalence to Predicate Device:
ARGOS and VECTORVISION are both image guided surgery systems. They link tracked probes to virtual computer image space on a patient's image. The relevant characteristics are compared below.
| | ARGOS | VECTORVISON |
|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Indication for<br>Use | 3Dline Argos is intended as an aid<br>to the surgeon for precisely locating<br>anatomical structures on the human<br>body in either open or percutaneous<br>procedures. It links tracked probes<br>to virtual computer image space on a<br>patient's preoperative or<br>intraoperative image data. The<br>system is indicated for any medical<br>condition in which the use of<br>stereotactic surgery may appropriate<br>and where the reference to a rigid<br>anatomical structure, such as the<br>skull, a long bone, or vertebra can be<br>identified relative to medical images<br>such as CT, MR, fluoroscopic or<br>ultraosund images. | BRAINLAB VectorVision is intended to<br>be an intraoperative image guided<br>localizaton system to enable minimally<br>invasive surgery. It links a freehand<br>probe, tracked by a passive marker<br>sensor system to virtual computer image<br>space on a patient's preoperative image<br>data being processed by a VectorVision<br>workstation. The system is indicated for<br>any medical condition in which the use<br>of stereotactic surgery may be<br>considered to be safe and effective and<br>where a reference to a rigid anatomical<br>structure, such as the skull, a long bone,<br>or vertebra, can be identified relative to<br>a CT, X-ray or MR based model of<br>anatomy. |
| Device main<br>components | 발<br>Argos Controller, consisting<br>of computers and touch-<br>screen monitor.<br>The Camera System,<br>■<br>consisting of infrared<br>cameras that can be stand<br>alone (on wheels), mounted<br>on the controller or mounted<br>on the operating microscope.<br>Localizers and Pointers<br>■<br>트<br>Planning Workstation<br>(optional), that allows the<br>pre-operative planning | I<br>Brainlab VectorVision navigation<br>system integrates computers,<br>touch-screen monitors and<br>infrared cameras. The video<br>cameras cannot be separated<br>from the main unit.<br>트<br>Workstation for pre-operative<br>planning<br>에<br>Localizers and pointers |
| Physical<br>characteristics | Main Unit:<br>Height 152cm<br>Width 51 cm<br>Depth 54 cm<br>Weight ca. 80Kg<br>Camera System (Type SS):<br>Height 12 cm (30cm width the<br>handle)<br>Width 62cm<br>Depth 16<br>Weight ca. 4.0kg<br>Camera System (Type M):<br>Height 4.6 cm<br>Width 16cm<br>Depth 9.5<br>Weight ca. 0.8 kg | Main Unit:<br>Height 162cm<br>Width 95cm (115cm max)<br>Depth<br>72cm<br>Weight ca. 150Kg<br>Camera System:<br>Height 9.5 cm<br>Width 62cm<br>Depth 16.5<br>Weight 2.5kg |
| | ARGOS | VECTORVISON |
| Localization<br>technology | Optical tracking, based on infrared<br>cameras and wire-less passive<br>instruments (by means of retro-<br>reflective markers).<br>The objects to be tracked are fitted<br>with retro-reflective markers.<br>The images coming from the video<br>cameras are processed and the 3D<br>coordinates of the markers are<br>calculated by triangulation. | Optical tracking, based on infrared<br>cameras and wire-less passive<br>instruments (by means of retro-reflective<br>markers).<br>The objects to be tracked are fitted with<br>retro-reflective markers.<br>The images of the video cameras are<br>processed and the 3D coordinates of<br>the markers are calculated by<br>triangulation. |
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Conclusion: ARGOS has been found to be substantially equivalent to BRAINLAB VECTORVISION, 510/k) No. K003589.
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Image /page/4/Picture/1 description: The image shows the seal of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The seal features a stylized eagle with its head facing left and three stripes representing the three levels of government. The text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . USA" is arranged in a circular pattern around the eagle.
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
APR 5 - 2007
3D Line Medical Systems S.R.L. % TUV America, Inc. Mr. Stefan Preiss 1775 Old Highway 8 New Brighton, Minnesota 55112-1891
Re: K061479
Trade/Device Name: ARGOS Regulation Number: 21 CFR 882.4560 Regulation Name: Stereotaxic instrument Regulatory Class: II Product Code: HAW Dated: March 19, 2007 Received: March 21, 2007
Dear Mr. Preiss:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
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Page 2 - Mr. Stefan Preiss
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Office of Compliance at (240) 276-0115. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (240) 276-3150 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/industry/support/index.html.
Sincerely vours
Paz Pelo Rmz
Mark N. Melkerson Director Division of General, Restorative and Neurological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indication for Use
510(k) Number (if known): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Device Name: ARGOS
Indications for Use:
Argos is intended as an aid to the surgeon for precisely locating anatomical structures on the Argos is intended in an an an apercutaneous procedures. It links tracked probes to virtual computer image space on a patient's preoperative or intraoperative image data. The system is configure mago bpace on condition in which the use of stereotactic surgery may appropriate and where the reference to a rigid anatomical structure, such as the skull, a long bone, or vertebra can be identified relative to medical images such as CT, MR, fluoroscopic or ultrasound images. Example procedures include but are not limited to:
Cranial Procedures: Cranial biopsies Tumor resection Craniotomies/Craniectomies Skull base procedures Thalamotomies/Pallidotomies
Spinal Procedures: Spinal implant procedures such as pedicle screw placement
ENT procedures: Transsphenoidal procedures Intranasal procedures Sinus procedures, such as Maximillary anstrostomies, Ethmoidectomies Sphenoidotomies/Sphenoid explorations, Turbinate resection and Frontal sinusotomies
Prescription Use YES (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
AND/OR
Over-The-Counter Use NO (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
age 1 of 1
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONJINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office
(Division
1-2
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.