PROMETRA PROGRAMMABLE INFUSION PUMP SYSTEM

P080012 · Infusyn Therapeutics, LLC · LKK · Feb 7, 2012 · General Hospital

Device Facts

• Record ID: P080012
• Device Name: PROMETRA PROGRAMMABLE INFUSION PUMP SYSTEM
• Applicant: Infusyn Therapeutics, LLC
• Product Code: LKK · General Hospital
• Decision Date: Feb 7, 2012
• Decision: APPR
• Device Class: Class 3
• Attributes: Therapeutic, Real-World Evidence

Real-World Evidence

Submission	Device	Sponsor	RWD Sources	RWE Use Summary	Key Tags
P080012 · Feb 7, 2012	PROMETRA PROGRAMMABLE INFUSION PUMP SYSTEM	Infusyn Therapeutics, LLC	Peer-reviewed clinical literature; Post-market surveillance registry data	The applicant used retrospective literature reviews and post-market registry data to extrapolate the safety and performance of the Prometra pump from adult populations to pediatric adolescents (12-21 years old) for baclofen therapy.	Pediatric extrapolation; Retrospective literature review; Post-market surveillance; Complication rate analysis

Clinical Evidence

Study Design	Population	Comparator	Key Endpoints
Systematic Literature Review; Retrospective systematic review of peer-reviewed literature; Follow-up/Duration: 2000-2021; Study Period: 2000-2021	Adult and pediatric patients receiving baclofen via IDDS; Sample Size: Not specified (aggregate of multiple studies); Number of Sites: Not applicable	Adult patients receiving baclofen via other IDDS	Pump malfunction rates, complication rates, surgical revision rates
Post-market Registry Analysis; Retrospective analysis of post-market registry data	Adult and pediatric patients receiving baclofen via IDDS	Adult patients receiving baclofen via other IDDS	Incidence of intervention/surgical revision

Indications for Use

The Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System is indicated for intrathecal infusion of Infumorph (preservative-free morphine sulfate sterile solution) or preservative-free sterile 0.9% saline solution (Sodium Chloride Injection, USP).

Device Story

Prometra is a sterile, battery-operated, teardrop-shaped implantable infusion pump with a rigid titanium housing and 20 mL metal bellows reservoir. It delivers Infumorph or saline into the intrathecal space via an implanted silicone catheter. A hand-held, battery-operated programmer controls dosing (constant, variable, or periodic flow) and demand bolus via magnetic induction telemetry. The pump uses a triple-redundancy flow controller and 0.22 µm outlet filter. Used in clinical settings by physicians for chronic pain management. The system includes a tunneler, refill kit, and catheter access port (CAP) kit for percutaneous reservoir access and catheter patency evaluation. The device provides precise, programmable drug delivery, potentially improving pain control for patients failing systemic analgesics.

Clinical Evidence

Pivotal study (IDE G060192) was an uncontrolled, open-label, multi-center trial of 110 patients. Primary endpoint: accuracy of delivered vs. programmed drug volume (DP ratio). Results: 90% CI of DP ratio was 95.9–97.7%, meeting the 85–115% success criterion. Safety data included 27% SAE rate; no systematic device-related safety signal identified. Bench testing confirmed flow accuracy, biocompatibility (ISO 10993), and electrical safety (IEC 60601-1). Device is MR Unsafe.

Technological Characteristics

Materials: Titanium, MP35N alloy, stainless steel, silicone rubber, polyphenylsulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride. Dimensions: 69 mm diameter, 20 mm thickness. Reservoir: 20 mL metal bellows. Flow: 0-28.8 mL/day. Connectivity: Magnetic induction telemetry. Sterilization: Moist heat (pump), ethylene oxide (accessories). Software: Major level of concern, includes firmware for flow control and telemetry.

Indications for Use

Indicated for intrathecal infusion of Infumorph or preservative-free sterile 0.9% saline in patients requiring chronic intrathecal drug administration. Contraindicated in patients with infection, insufficient body size/anatomy, deep implant depth (>2.5 cm), allergies to device/catheter materials, prior device intolerance, spinal column anatomy obstructing CSF flow, or emotional/psychiatric/substance abuse issues prohibiting intrathecal administration.

Reference Devices

• Medtronic SynchroMed II Pump

Submission Summary (Full Text)

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# SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS DATA (SSED)

## I. GENERAL INFORMATION

Device Generic Name: Implantable Infusion Pump

Device Trade Name: Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System

Applicant’s Name and Address: Medasys, Inc.
500 International Drive, Suite 200
Mount Olive, NJ 07828

Date of Panel Recommendation: None

PMA Number: P080012

Date of Notice of Approval: February 7, 2012

Expedited: Not Applicable

## II. INDICATIONS FOR USE

The Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System is indicated for intrathecal infusion of Infumorph (preservative-free morphine sulfate sterile solution) or preservative-free sterile 0.9% saline solution (Sodium Chloride Injection, USP).

## III. CONTRAINDICATIONS

Implantation of this device is contraindicated when:

a. The presence of infection is known or suspected.

b. The patient’s body size or anatomy is insufficient to accommodate the size of the implanted pump or catheter.

c. The pump cannot be implanted 1 in. (2.5 cm) or less from the surface of the skin. Deeper implants could interfere with septum access or telemetry.

d. The patient is known or is suspected to be allergic to materials contained in the catheter: silicone elastomers, barium sulfate, tungsten, polyacetal resin, ink, stainless steel, hydroglide hydro gel coating, or plastic needle hubs (polypropylene and acrylic based).

e. The patient is known or is suspected to be allergic to materials contained in the pump: titanium, silicone elastomers, polyphenylsulfone, silicone adhesive, polyvinylidene fluoride, MP35N metal (nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy), or stainless steel (AL29-4, 316L).

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f. The patient has exhibited a prior intolerance to implanted devices.

g. The patient has a spinal column anatomy that would obstruct good cerebrospinal fluid flow or that would prevent intraspinal drug administration.

h. The patient has emotional, psychiatric or substance abuse problems that are deemed to prohibit intrathecal drug administration.

i. Contraindications relating to Infumorph must be observed and followed per the approved drug labeling.

## IV. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

The warnings and precautions can be found in the Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System labeling.

Warnings and precautions relating to Infumorph must be observed and followed per the approved drug labeling.

## V. DEVICE DESCRIPTION

The Prometra Implantable Pump components consist of the following devices:

- Prometra Programmable Pump
- Intrathecal Catheter

The Prometra Implantable Pump accessories consist of the following:

- Prometra Programmer
- Tunneler
- Refill Kit
- Catheter Access Port (CAP) Kit

### Prometra Programmable Pump

The Prometra Programmable Pump is a sterile, battery-operated, teardrop-shaped implantable, programmable infusion pump, with a rigid titanium housing and triple redundancy flow controller system, that dispenses Infumorph into the intrathecal space through an implanted infusion catheter. All functions of the system (e.g., dosing) are controlled externally using a hand-held, battery-operated programmer. The Prometra Pump (FIGURE 1) contains a metal bellows drug reservoir with a capacity of 20 milliliters (mL). The reservoir propellant is stored within the rigid housing surrounding the bellows and provides the driving pressure for the pump. The driving pressure on the reservoir forces the Infumorph through an outlet filter (0.22 µm), and into an electronically controlled flow metering valve-accumulator subsystem. The Infumorph passes from the flow metering subsystem, into the catheter access port then into the catheter for delivery to the intrathecal space. The specifications of the Prometra Pump are listed in Table 1.

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FIGURE 1: Prometra Pump

Table 1 – Specifications of the Prometra Programmable Pump

| Device Longevity | |
| --- | --- |
| Pump | 10 years at 0.25 mL/day |
| Septum (Refill and CAP) | 1000 punctures maximum |
| External Properties | |
| Material | TitaniumPolyphenylsulfone access ports |
| Thickness (nominal) | 20 mm |
| Diameter (excluding CAP) | 69 mm |
| Average Volume Displacement | 100 mL |
| Weight, unfilled | 150 g |
| Drug Reservoir | |
| Material | Titanium |
| Usable Capacity | 20 mL |

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## Precision Dosing System

| Dose Dispenser Volume | 2 mcL |
| --- | --- |
| Material | Titanium, MP35N alloy, Stainless steel, and Silicone rubber |

## Refill Septum

| Septum material | Silicone rubber |
| --- | --- |
| Access needle | Huber point, 22G non-coring needle |

## Catheter Access Septum

| Septum material | Silicone rubber |
| --- | --- |
| Access needle | Lancet point with side hole, 20G |

## Bacterial filter

| Material | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
| --- | --- |
| Pore size | 0.22 micron |

## Flow Rate

| Range | 0-28.8 mL/day |
| --- | --- |
| Accuracy | 95.9-97.7% (90% confidence limit) |
| Refill Interval | No more than 90 days |

## Catheter

The Intrathecal Catheter (FIGURE 2) is a sterile, single-piece, radiopaque, silicone catheter with a pre-inserted hydrophilic stiffening stylet that is used to assist in placing the catheter. The catheter has a tungsten-filled tip to enhance radiopacity and side-holes at the tip for dispersion of the infusate into the intrathecal space. The catheter also features depth markings indicated in centimeters starting 5 cm from the distal end of the catheter, extending to a distance 30 cm from its distal end. The intrathecal catheter is provided with accessories to assist in its placement and to secure at implant. It has a radiopaque catheter lock to secure the catheter onto the stem of the Prometra Programmable Pump.


FIGURE 2: Medasys Intrathecal Catheter

## Accessories

The accessories of the implantable components are limited to the programmer, tunneler, and kits which provide the necessary components for programming the pump, refilling the pump, and accessing the catheter via the catheter access port.

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# Programmer

The Prometra Programmable Pump is non-sterile and can be programmed with the Prometra Programmer (FIGURE 3) to deliver a precise flow of medication at a constant or variable rate, or it can be set to periodically deliver a drug dosage at distinct intervals of time (i.e., Periodic Flow Mode).

There is also an option to interrupt the pump’s current medication regimen and deliver an immediate infusion of medication (Demand Bolus).

FIGURE 3: Prometra Programmer

# Tunneler

The tunneler is used for subcutaneous placement of the Intrathecal Catheter. It is a sterile, malleable stainless steel tunneler with a pointed tip to penetrate subcutaneous tissue and a threaded end or attachment to the Intrathecal Catheter.

# Refill Kit

The refill kit is sterile and provides the components and instructions necessary to access the pump reservoir to empty and fill the Prometra Programmable Pump. The refill kit includes:

- 2 - Adhesive Bandages, Round
- 1 - Calibrated Syringe Barrel, 12 mL
- 1 - Syringe Cap
- 1 - Stopcock
- 1 - CSR Wrap
- 1 - Extension Tubing, 20 cm (8 in.), with Clamp
- 1 - Fenestrated Drape
- 1 - Filter, 0.22 micron
- 4 - Gauze Pads, 10 cm x 10 cm, (4 in. x 4 in.)
- 2 - Non-Coring Needles, 0.7 mm (22G) x 38 mm (1.5 in.)
- 1 - Refill Template

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# Catheter Access Port Kit

The catheter access port kit is sterile and provides the components and instructions necessary to access the catheter access port of the Prometra Programmable Pump: The catheter access port kit includes:

- 2 - Adhesive Bandages, Round
- 1 - CSR Wrap
- 1 - Fenestrated Drape
- 1 - Extension Tubing, 20 cm (8 in.), with Clamp
- 1 - Filter, 0.22 micron
- 4 - Gauze Pads, 10 cm x 10 cm (4 in. x 4 in.)
- 1 - Needle, Catheter Access, 0.9 mm (20G) x 45 mm (1.75 in.)
- 1 - Syringe, 10 mL, Luer Lock
- 1 - Catheter Access Template

The drug chamber is refillable and is percutaneously accessed via the centrally-located access port using a 22-gauge non-coring needle. The catheter access port is located on the periphery of the pump to allow for direct access to the catheter without interfering with the drug reservoir. The catheter access port can be used to evaluate catheter patency or catheter placement.

## VI. ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES

There are several other alternative forms of treatment with drugs including use in conventional routes of administration: oral, intramuscular, intravenous, percutaneous, transdermal; or treatment with other commercially available implantable infusion pumps. Other alternatives also include sympathetic nerve blocks, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), spinal cord stimulation, anti-inflammatory agents, or steroids. Each alternative has its own advantages and disadvantages. A patient should fully discuss these alternatives with his/her physician to select the method that best meets expectations and lifestyle.

## VII. MARKETING HISTORY

The Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System has not been marketed within the United States. The device has received marketing approval in the European Union. The device has not been withdrawn from marketing for any reason relating to the safety or effectiveness of the device.

## VIII. POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE DEVICE ON HEALTH

Below is a list of the potential adverse effects (or risks) related to the use of the pump and/or catheter includes, but is not limited to, the following conditions:

### Possible Risks Associated with Programmable Implantable Pump

- Adverse reaction to pump materials
- Battery depletion
- Bleeding

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- Body rejection phenomena
- Defective pump (e.g. propellant chamber leakage, pump rupture)
- Inability to locate septum
- Inability to program pump due to programmer failure or loss of telemetry
- Inflammation, necrosis, or scarring of skin over implant area
- Programming errors, resulting in over or under dosing
- Pump flipping or twisting
- Pump implanted too deep, resulting in difficulty accessing or inability to access port
- Pump migration
- Pump pocket pain/soreness
- Pump pocket seroma/hematoma, with or without infection
- Pump rotation
- Pump site skin erosion
- Pump stoppage
- Refill errors, including injection into pump pocket, injection into wrong port, incorrect volume, incorrect concentration, difficulty accessing pump port
- Septum dislodgement
- Septum leakage
- Slow, erratic or fast flow
- Software error

## Possible Risks Associated with Intrathecal Catheter

- Catheter disconnection
- Catheter kinking
- Catheter fracture
- Catheter migration (unrelated to surgical complication)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak
- Disconnection
- Erosion
- Fibrosis
- Infection in intrathecal space, including meningitis
- Inflammatory mass formation (e.g., granuloma)
- Malpositioning
- Nerve damage
- Pain on injection
- Poor radiopacity
- Post dural puncture headache
- Reaction to catheter materials
- Reversible or irreversible partial or complete occlusions

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- Spinal cord pressure leading to paralysis
- Spinal cord trauma, perforation, laceration
- Subcutaneous catheter tract infection
- Subcutaneous tunnel infection
- Tears/breaks

## IX. SUMMARY OF PRECLINICAL STUDIES

### Verification Activities

Product and component verification testing was completed to demonstrate that the finished device performs in accordance with design specifications. A comprehensive list of verification activities is contained in the Design Verification Matrixes. The section below provides an overview of these verification activities.

### Pump Qualification

Flow accuracy of the pump at constant flow, multiple rate and demand bolus programs demonstrated performance that met product flow accuracy specifications. Flow testing at temperature (35-40°C), pressure ranges (10.1 – 16.7 psig) and reservoir fill levels characterized the affects on performance. These affects are shown in FIGURES 4-6.

FIGURE: 4

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FIGURE: 5

FIGURE: 6

Qualifications included life testing of the drug metering system and pump battery. The results of these evaluations are shown in FIGURE 7.

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FIGURE: 7

## Component Qualifications

Qualification testing verified performance of the components within pumps, including the bellows, refill, and catheter access port (CAP) septums. Average septum puncture life was demonstrated at greater than 1000 punctures for both the Refill and CAP.

Catheter testing included assessment of mechanical and functional characteristics, in addition to the connection integrity with pump system. Connection strengths of > 1.1lb were demonstrated between the catheter and pump connection.

## Drug Compatibility and Stability

In-vitro Drug stability and compatibility testing performed on the pump indicates that Infumorph is stable for 90 days.

In-vitro stability was evaluated with the pump/catheter operating at 37°C over subsequent refill periods. The pump and catheter were evaluated regarding flow performance and stability of Infumorph.

The study observed acceptable results for assay, degradation products, impurities, leachables and extractables.

When first filled, the Prometra Pump has a small amount (2-3ml) of sterile water in the pump. As a result, there is an approximate 13% dilution of morphine sulfate in the initial filling of the 20mL drug reservoir.

## Electrical Safety

Electrical engineering review of electronic components, including battery, valve, programmer, and electronic assemblies, demonstrated that electrical safety was adequately demonstrated through the life of the device.

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Data demonstrated compliance with electrical safety standard, IEC 60601-1, $2^{\mathrm{nd}}$ edition.

## Electromagnetic Compatibility

The Prometra Programmable Pump System contains two devices that include Electronics and Software; the Prometra Programmable Implantable Pump and Programmer. The programmer communicates with the pump through magnetic induction, which transmits drug delivery instructions from the programmer to the pump and delivery information from the pump to the programmer. All communication functions are initiated and controlled through the programmer.

The Prometra Programmable Pump and Programmer communication is performed by magnetic inductance through near field magnetic induction pulses. This communication is wireless in that it utilizes electromechanical waves rather than wire conductors for its communication linkage. This Pump/programmer telemetry is accomplished by the transmission of a series of magnetic pulses to and from the pump.

It was demonstrated that the device meets the following standards:

- IEC 60601-1 (Medical electrical equipment - Part I: General requirements for safety),
- IEC 60601-1-2:2001 (Electromagnetic emissions and immunity requirements for medical electrical equipment – Group 1 Equipment, Class B for non-life supporting equipment).

The pump and programmer were tested for radiated emissions, conducted emissions, radiated radio-frequency immunity, electrical fast transient immunity, electrostatic discharge immunity, surge immunity, conducted radio frequency immunity, magnetic field immunity, voltage dips and interrupts immunity, and harmonic emissions and voltage fluctuations/flicker tests.

## Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Compatibility

FDA reviewed testing performed to demonstrate the effects of a static magnetic field, pulsed gradient magnetic fields, and radiofrequency pulses on the device, as well as MRI image artifacts caused by the device.

Testing was performed at 1.5 Tesla magnetic field.

Based on the heating study, a temperature increase of $2^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ was observed after 15 minutes of RF application. Without the pump in place the temperature increase was $1^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. The Specific Absorption rate (SAR) for this application was about 1.5 W/Kg.

Based on the study report, the pump was found to have a significant magnetic deflection effect and also caused severe image artifacts. The pump deflected by $88^{\circ}$. Accordingly, this device did not pass the ASTM criteria of $45^{\circ}$. The qualitative torque measured was +4 (very strong torque) and is considered a significant risk in the MRI environment.

A signal void is caused by the device approximately 400 to $600\mathrm{cm}^2$.

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The device is MR Unsafe.

See the warnings in the physician and patient instructions for use regarding necessary steps that must be taken should an MRI be needed for a patient implanted with the Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System.

## Computed Tomography (CT) Compatibility

The implanted pump and catheter system were evaluated for compatibility with CT scans. The pump samples under test were programmed to a flow rate of 28mL/day, and implanted into a torso model. The catheter tip was placed in the spinal segment T11-T12 of the model.

The CT scan focused on a 4-5 inch length around the catheter tip. Scan settings are summarized in Table 2 below.

Table 2. – CT Scan Settings

| Scanner | Toshiba – Aquillon 64 | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pump Sample | #1 | #2 | #3 |
| Scan Mode | Helical | Helical | Helical |
| Total mAs in Study | 5092 | 1329 | 1324 |
| Total Scan Time (s) | 82.36 | 17.86 | 17.86 |
| Total DLP (mGy-cm) | 50.5 | 275.9 | 271.7 |

## Biocompatibility

The implanted pump system consists of a subcutaneously implanted pump and implanted intrathecal catheter, and is categorized as a permanent implant in contact with tissue/bone.

The components of the device in direct and indirect contact with the tissues are discussed below.

Direct tissue contact components:

- Pump - titanium, silicone elastomers, polyphenylsulfone, and silicone adhesive.
- Catheter - silicone elastomers, barium sulfate, tungsten, polyacetyl resin, ink and stainless steel.

Indirect tissue (fluid pathway) components:

- Pump - titanium, silicone elastomers, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylsulfone, MP35N metal (nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybedenum alloy), stainless steel (AL29-4, 316L).
- Catheter - silicone elastomers, stainless steel, hydroglide hydro gel coating and plastic needle hubs (polypropylene and acrylic based).

As part of preclinical testing of the Prometra™ Programmable Infusion Pump System, biocompatibility studies were conducted to ensure that the components and the finished device are safe and perform in accordance with the design specifications.

Biocompatibility testing was performed following the International Organization for standardization (ISO) guidelines ISO 10993, "Biological Evaluation of Medical

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Devices," and the guidance document released in 1995 by the U.S. FDA Blue Book Memorandum #G95-1, entitled "Use of International Standard ISO-10993, 'Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices'--Part-I: Evaluation and Testing."

The materials that make direct contact with tissue/bone and the indirect contacting materials were evaluated. The ISO 10993 Standard and the U.S. FDA Blue Book Memorandum #G95-1 were used as guidance in determining the appropriate tests for the device.

Tables 3 and 4 lists the tests conducted and the results for biocompatibility testing of the pump and intrathecal catheter, respectively.

Table 3 – Biocompatibility Test Results for the Pump

| TEST | Results |
| --- | --- |
| L929 MEM Elution Test
ISO 10993-5 | Pass |
| Skin Sensitization Kligman Maxi.
ISO 10993-10 | Pass |
| Reverse Mutation Assay - S. typhimurium and E. coli
ISO 10993-3 | Pass |
| Chromosomal Aberration Assay
ISO 10993-3 | Pass |
| Rodent Bone Marrow Micronucleus Assay (38 animals)
ISO 10993-3 | Pass |
| Intracutaneous Injection
ISO 10993-10 | Pass |
| Systemic Injection
ISO10993-11 | Pass |
| Rabbit Pyrogen (Material Mediated)
ISO10993-11 | Pass |

Table 4 – Biocompatibility Test Results for the Intrathecal Catheter

| TEST | Results |
| --- | --- |
| L929 MEM Elution Test
ISO 10993-5 | Pass |
| Skin Sensitization Kligman Maxi.
ISO 10993-10 | Pass |
| Reverse Mutation Assay - S. typhimurium and E. coli
ISO10993-3 | Pass |
| Chromosomal Aberration Assay ISO10993-3 | Pass |
| Rodent Bone Marrow Micronucleus Assay (38 animals)
ISO 10993-3 | Pass |
| Intracutaneous Injection
ISO 10993-10 | Pass |
| Systemic Injection
ISO 10993-11 | Pass |
| 13 Week Intramuscular Implantation
ISO 10993-6 | Pass |

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| Long term Intramuscular Implantation (26 weeks)
ISO 10993-6 | Pass |
| --- | --- |
| Rabbit Pyrogen (Material Mediated)
ISO 10993-11 | Pass |

## Package and Sterilization Qualifications

Qualification testing of the pump and accessories; catheter, tunneler, Refill Kit and CAP kit packaging, consisted of environmental stress conditioning including temperature & humidity conditions, vibration, and drop testing. Environment exposure testing confirmed the pump remains functional after temperature, vibration, and shock exposures are applied to the pump. These evaluations demonstrated packaging is acceptable to simulated shipping and transit conditions.

Validation of the pump sterilization (Moist Heat) and accessories sterilization (ethylene oxide gas) demonstrates that the sterilization processes achieve a sterility assurance level of $10^{-6}$.

Expiration dating for this device has been established and approved for each separately packaged component of the Prometra Programmable Infusion System as follows:

- Prometra Pump: 2 years
- Intrathecal Catheter Kit: 2.75 years
- Catheter Access Port Kit: 4.91 years
- Pump Refill Kit: 4.91 years
- Tunneler Kit: 4.91 years

## Software Verification and Validation

Software documentation has been provided as recommended the May 2005, FDA Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices.

FDA has reviewed the following software documents:

Table 5 – Software Documentation

| Level of Concern: Major | |
| --- | --- |
| | Acceptable |
| Software description: | Yes |
| Device Hazard Analysis: | Yes |
| Software Requirements Specifications: | Yes |
| Architecture Design Chart: | Yes |
| Design Specifications: | Yes |
| Traceability Analysis/Matrix: | Yes |
| Development: | Yes |
| Verification & Validation Testing: | Yes |
| Revision level history: | Yes |
| Unresolved anomalies: | Yes |

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# Animal Studies

## 1. Trial A (Sheep Study)

### Design

The first groups of animal studies were designed to address multiple objectives, including:

- Qualitatively evaluate the ease of implantation regarding the size/shape of the pump, suture anchors, and connection to catheter, catheter implantation, tunneling, and fixation of catheter.
- Qualitatively evaluate the instructions for use regarding surgical implantation of the pump and catheter and the use of the accessories during the implantation process.
- Qualitatively evaluate the refill and bolus kit procedures related to the ease of use of the device and adequate instructions for use regarding these procedures and kits.
- Evaluate the pump flow rate accuracy as measured clinically;
- Qualitatively evaluate the ease of use of the programmer;
- Record conventional post-implant histological assessment of the tissue response to the implanted product

### Methods

A total of three (3) sheep were implanted with the Prometra Pump Systems. All sheep received a continuous intrathecal infusion of 0.9% Sodium Chloride for Injection, USP (preservative – free) for 12 weeks. Clinical observations were performed daily and refill tests once every 28 days. All sheep were euthanized between 12-13 weeks post implantation.

### Results

- Results did not identify problems with the refill and bolus kit procedures. Final human factors validation studies were used to determine that use safety risks were mitigated.
- The flow rates for each infusion period for a given animal were fairly consistent from period to period with no more than a 12 percent difference between the calculated flow rates (maximum and minimum values).
- Results did not identify programming difficulty. Final human factors validation studies were used to determine that use safety risks were mitigated.
- The pump in each animal was surrounded by thickened tissue that corresponded to fibrosis microscopically (device encapsulation).
- Study design was not a controlled toxicology study and did not characterize local tissue reactions.

## 2. Trial B (28 Day Sheep Intrathecal Toxicology Study)

### Design

This study was designed to provide a detailed neuro-toxicological assessment of the Prometra Pump and catheter system to definitively characterize the local tissue reaction in the intrathecal space compared to the Medtronic Synchromed II Pump and catheter

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system. Medasys developed a research protocol to evaluate the equivalency of the Medasys and Medtronic catheters, including any potential neuro-toxicological effects.

## Endpoint

The similarity in overall design and construction between the Medasys and Medtronic designs should not have dissimilar neuro-toxicological results.

## Methods

Sixteen (16) sheep were used in this study, of which eight (8) were implanted with the Medasys Prometra Pump and catheter and eight (8) were implanted with the Medtronic SynchroMed II Pump and catheter. Within the Medasys study group, four (4) sheep were infused with sterile saline (as a control) and four (4) sheep were infused with morphine sulfate (Infumorph 200, Baxter Healthcare) at a programmed daily dose of approximately 6 mg/day. The same control and morphine sulfate infusion scheme was used with the Medtronic sheep study group.

## Results

The gross and microscopic changes in animals treated intrathecally with either saline or morphine using the Prometra system was similar to those produced by the Synchromed II system.

## Human Factors

Simulated Use Testing was performed to validate that the intended design of the Prometra System meets the needs of the user. The testing involved a review of the instructions for use (IFU), the programmer technical manual, the implantation of the pump and catheter, programming the pump for various operations, as well as accessing the pump once implanted.

The final validation study included seventeen (17) representative users. Users interacted with the programmer within use scenarios that required performance of all essential tasks. The human factors study was designed in accordance the FDA’s Human Factors guidance: Medical Device Use Safety: Incorporating Human Factors in the Risk Management

## X. SUMMARY OF PRIMARY CLINICAL STUDY

Medasys, Inc. performed a clinical study with Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System for continuous intrathecal infusion of Infumorph in the US under IDE # G060192. A summary of the clinical study is presented below.

### A. Study Design

Patients were treated between March 10, 2007 and February 25, 2008. The database for this PMA reflected data collected through March 3, 2008 and included 110 patients. There were seven (7) investigational sites.

This study was an uncontrolled, non-randomized, open-label, one arm, multi-center study of the Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System. Standard statistical methods were employed to analyze all data. Assumptions of normality were tested

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with the Shapiro-Wilks test. If the distributional assumptions were violated, nonparametric techniques such as Wilcoxon’s Signed-Rank test were employed.

## Primary Objectives

- To demonstrate that the Prometra® Programmable Infusion Pump System accurately and safely delivers Infumorph into the intrathecal space, as programmed.

## Secondary Objectives

- Evaluation of the safety profile of the Prometra® Programmable Implantable Pump System, as determined by the rate of device-related serious adverse events and device complications through six-months post-implantation
- Evaluation of the degree of pain relief achieved with chronic intrathecal infusion of Infumorph delivered via the Prometra Programmable Implantable Pump System.

The primary endpoint will be considered to be met if the 90% confidence limits on the delivered to programmed drug volume (DP) ratio are within the 85% to 115% range.

Statistically significant reductions in pain are not required for this trial to be considered a success.

## 1. Clinical Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Enrollment in the pivotal study was limited to patients who met the following inclusion criteria

1. Patient was to have been suffering from cancer pain requiring strong opioids OR has chronic, non-malignant pain with an average daily pain score of 4/10 or greater on a scale of 0 to 10 OR Patient was to need an implantable pump system (pump & catheter) replaced due to malfunction or battery depletion. Patient must have had a documented history of sufficient pain relief with intrathecal morphine sulfate infusion.
2. Patient was to have been 18 years of age or older.
3. Patient was to have a life expectancy of > 6 months.
4. Patient was to have a documented failure to respond to less invasive methods of pain control, including attempts to eliminate physical and behavioral abnormalities that may cause an exaggerated reaction to pain.
5. Patient was to have pain ineffectively controlled by single or multiple systemic (oral, rectal, transdermal or intravenous) analgesic treatments or patient experienced intolerable side effects from such treatment.
6. Patient was to have had a successful trial of morphine sulfate (intrathecal or epidural) for relief of the target symptoms.
7. Patient was to have agreed to obtain narcotic prescriptions only from the investigator.
8. Patient was to provide written informed consent to participate in the study.
9. Patient was to have been considered by the investigator to be a medically and psychologically appropriate candidate for pump implantation.

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10. Investigator and/or study coordinator was to have considered the patient to be able and willing to fulfill all study requirements.

Patients were *not* permitted to enroll in the pivotal study if they met any of the following exclusion criteria:

1. Patient was to have had existing damage to the spinal column observed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would prevent intraspinal drug administration (e.g. cord compression from metastatic tumor that could obstruct catheter placement or drug flow). If the patient had a medical condition that contraindicates MRI, the investigator was to have proceeded with the closest appropriate study (i.e. CT scan, X-ray) to rule out any spinal abnormalities that would prevent intraspinal drug administration.

2. Patient was to have a systemic infection.

3. Patient’s anatomy was not large enough to accommodate the pump's size and weight.

4. Patient was pregnant or breast-feeding or was of child-bearing potential and not employing effective birth control.

5. Patient had known allergies or sensitivities to pump system materials (e.g., silicone rubber, titanium, polyphenylsulfone, acetal resin, polyvinylidene fluoride, tungsten).

6. Patient had known allergies to morphine or would be contraindicated for morphine, based on the drug labeling.

7. Patient had a major coexisting medical condition (such as gastrointestinal problems, respiratory reserve / lung function problems, or heart conditions that cannot tolerate further lowering of blood pressure) that, in the opinion of the investigator, contraindicates an implantable pump.

8. The patient was to require MRI evaluation post-implantation.

9. Patient had other implanted cardiac electronic devices.

10. Patient had an occupation where he/she would be exposed to high current industrial equipment, powerful magnets or transmitting towers, such as, electricians, electrical engineers or MRI technicians.

11. Patient was unable to participate in all necessary study activities due to physical or mental limitations.

12. Patient was unable or unwilling to return for all required follow-up visits.

13. Patient was unable or unwilling to sign the informed consent document.

## 2. Follow-up Schedule

Patients attended a post-operative follow-up visit approximately 10 days after implantation for assessment of wound healing. After completion of the postoperative visit, patients attended visits on a monthly basis at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months post-implantation. During each monthly follow-up visit, the study device was refilled and infused volumes of medication were documented. Patients requiring additional visits (for refill/reprogramming of the study device or care for adverse events) before the next scheduled monthly visit attended unscheduled visits, as needed.

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After completion of the Month 6 visit, patients entered the Long-Term Phase of the study and attended follow-up visits on a quarterly (every 3 months) basis until the study device was explanted or becomes commercially available or the subject expired.

Table 6 – Follow up Schedule

| Study Procedures | Screening^{1} | Baseline | Acute Phase | | | Long Term Follow-Up | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Day of Implantation | Day 10 (±5 days) | Months 1-6^{3} (±7 days) | Unscheduled Visits | Quarterly^{3} (every 3 months) (±30 days) | Unscheduled Visits |
| Provision of informed consent | X | | | | | | |
| Review of entrance criteria | X | | | | | | |
| Medical history | X | | | | | | |
| Pain history | X | | | | | | |
| Physical examination | X | | | | | | |
| Neurological examination | X | | X^{4} | X^{4} | | | |
| MRI of spine | X | | | | | | |
| Serum β-HCG pregnancy test | X^{5} | | | | | | |
| Patient Questionnaires (NRS, VAS, ODI) | X | X | | X | X | | |
| Pump implantation | | X | | | | | |
| Wound assessment | | | X | | | | |
| Pump fill/refill | | X | | X | X^{6} | X | X^{7} |
| Spinal X-ray | | X | | | | | |
| Documentation of concomitant medications^{8} | | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Documentation of AEs | | X | X | X | X | X^{9} | X^{9} |
| Documentation of DCs | | X | X | X | X | X | X |

1. All screening assessments are to be completed within 60 days prior to implantation. MRI’s (or similar procedures to evaluate the spine) will be accepted if completed within six months from the date of implantation.
2. Monthly follow-up visits are to be conducted monthly from the day of implantation, +/- 7 days.
3. Patients are to attend long-term follow-up visits for refills, which must be at least every three months (+/- 30 days) until the Prometra System is explanted, the subject expires, or the Prometra System is approved for commercial use by the FDA.
4. If results differ from Screening results and are clinically significant, a computed tomography (CT) myelogram should be performed to further evaluate the change.
5. Must be completed within 3 days prior to implantation. For female patients of childbearing potential only.
6. Refill is only required if it has been more than 30 days since previous refill.
7. Refill is only required if it has been more than 90 days since previous refill.

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8 During the Acute Phase record only pain and AE-related meds; during the Long-Term Phase record only pain, serious adverse event (SAE) related, and device related adverse event (DRAE) related meds.
9 Only SAE's and DRAE's will be reported on the CRF during the long-term follow-up.

## 3. Clinical Endpoints

The primary endpoint of the study was:

The accuracy of the volume of medication delivered by the Prometra® Programmable Implantable Pump System relative to the volume programmed for delivery, as determined at the time of pump refill (i.e., delivered to programmed drug volume (DP) ratio). The primary endpoint will be considered to be met if the 90% confidence limits on the DP ratio are within the 85% to 115% range.

## B. Accountability of PMA Cohort

At the time of database lock, of 110 patients enrolled in PMA study, 58% (64) patients completed the 6 month visit surpassing the minimum required for primary endpoint analysis and completion of the study. Patient accountability at each scheduled visit is detailed in Table 7.

Table 7 - Patient Accountability

| Status | Patient Accountability
(Number of enrolled = 110) | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Month 1
N(%) | Month 2
N(%) | Month 3
N(%) | Month 4
N(%) | Month 5
N(%) | Month 6
N(%) | Month 9
N(%) |
| Discontinued | | | | | | | |
| Death | - | - | - | 1 (1) | 1(1) | - | - |
| Adverse Event | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 3(3) | - | - | 1(1) | 1 (1) |
| Patient Withdrew Consent | - | - | 1(1) | - | - | 1(1) | - |
| Not Eligible for Interval
(previously discontinued) | N/A | 2(2) | 5(5) | 9(8) | 10(9) | 11(10) | 13(12) |
| Unavailable for Visit: | | | | | | | |
| Missed Visit | - | 1(1) | 1(1) | - | 1(1) | - | - |
| Lost to Follow-up | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Available for Analysis | 108
(98) | 103
(94) | 95
(86) | 87
(79) | 72
(65) | 64
(58) | 21
(19) |
| % Accountability=visits completed/(110-discont.-not eligible) | 100% | 98% | 94% | 87% | 73% | 66% | 22% |

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# C. Study Population Demographics and Baseline Parameters

Table 8 - Study Demographics

| Demographic | ITT and MITT Populations (N=110) | PP-PA Population (N=107) | PP-PR Population (N=102) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gender - N (%) | | | |
| Male | 59 (54%) | 56 (52%) | 54 (54%) |
| Female | 51 (46%) | 51 (48%) | 47 (46%) |
| Age - (years) | | | |
| N | 110 | 107 | 102 |
| Mean | 55.6 | 55.7 | 54.8 |
| SD | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.0 |
| Median | 54.6 | 54.6 | 53.9 |
| Range | 28-84 | 28-84 | 28-83 |
| Race - N (%) | | | |
| White | 104 (95) | 101 (94) | 96 (94) |
| Black or African American | 5 (5) | 5 (5) | 5 (5) |
| Hispanic | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |

Table 9 - Pain History

| Variable | ITT and MITT Populations (N=110) |
| --- | --- |
| Duration of Pain (N ± SD) | 12.4 ± 10.0 years |
| Pain Category - N (%) | |
| Neuropathic | 64 (58) |
| Nociceptive | 12 (11) |
| Both | 34 (31) |
| Causes of Pain^{1} - N (%) | |
| Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome | 24 (22) |
| Vertebral Body Compression Fractures | 6 (6) |
| Post Lumbar Spine Surgery with Pain | 60 (55) |
| Post Cervical Spine Surgery with Pain | 14 (13) |
| Phantom Limb Pain | 0 |
| Post Thoracotomy Pain Syndrome | 3 (3) |
| Arachnoiditis | 26 (24) |
| Intractable Back Pain | 57 (52) |
| Cancer Pain | 3 (3) |
| Other | 70 (64) |

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| Variable | ITT and MITT Populations (N=110) |
| --- | --- |
| Type of Pain^{1} - N (%) | |
| Aching | 90 (82) |
| Burning | 74 (67) |
| Pins and Needles | 54 (49) |
| Sharpness | 79 (72) |
| Numbness | 62 (56) |
| Cramping | 42 (38) |
| Other | 52 (47) |
| Area of Pain Involvement - N (%) | |
| Generalized | 12 (11) |
| Localized^{1} | 98 (89) |
| Head | 16 (16) |
| Arms/Hands | 26 (27) |
| Hips | 44 (45) |
| Legs/Feet | 75 (77) |
| Chest | 8 (8) |
| Shoulder | 26 (27) |
| Back | 78 (80) |
| Neck | 31 (32) |
| Other | 20 (20) |

1 Percentages may add up to greater than 100% because patients may be counted in more than one category.

## D. Safety and Effectiveness Results

The primary endpoint has been met. The 90% confidence interval of the DP Ratio (95.9 – 97.7%) is well within the required range (85 - 115%).

Table 10 - Accuracy Results

| Per Patient DP Ratio | ITT Population (N=110) | MITT Population (N=110) | PP-PA Population (N=107) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| N | 107^{1} | 107^{1} | 107 |
| Mean | 96.7 | 96.7 | 96.8 |
| SD | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 |
| Median | 97.0 | 97.0 | 97.0 |
| Range | 71.9 – 127.1 | 71.9 – 127.1 | 81.8 – 127.1 |
| 90% confidence interval of mean | 95.8 – 97.6 | 95.7 – 97.6 | 95.9 – 97.7 |

1 Three patients had their pump explanted prior to having a refill.

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# Adverse effects that occurred in the PMA clinical study:

Table 11 - Summary of All Adverse Events (AE)

| Category | ITT Population (N=110) N (%) |
| --- | --- |
| Patients with at least one AE | 107 (97) |
| Patients with at least one SAE | 27 (25) |
| Patients with at least one DRSAE | 3 (3) |
| Patients discontinued due to AEs | 9 (8) |

Table 12 - Adverse Events Reported as Possibly, Probably, or Definitely Related to the Device or Study Procedure

| System Organ Class | Preferred Term | ITT Population (N=110) N (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ear and Labyrinth Disorders | Tinnitus | 1 (1) |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | Nausea | 15 (14) |
| | Vomiting | 8 (7) |
| | Abdominal Pain | 1 (1) |
| | Constipation | 1 (1) |
| | Oral Mucosal Blistering | 1 (1) |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | Implant Site Pain | 20 (18) |
| | Implant Site edema | 11 (10) |
| | Implant Site Erythema | 9 (8) |
| | Implant Site Swelling | 4 (4) |
| | Pain | 4 (4) |
| | Implant Site Inflammation | 3 (3) |
| | Drug Withdrawal Syndrome | 2 (2) |
| | Implant Site Haemorrhage | 2 (2) |
| | Pyrexia | 2 (2) |
| | Tenderness | 2 (2) |
| | Catheter Site edema | 1 (1) |
| | Implant Site Bruising | 1 (1) |
| | Implant Site Effusion | 1 (1) |
| | Implant Site Hypersensitivity | 1 (1) |
| | Implant Site Irritation | 1 (1) |
| | Implant Site Necrosis | 1 (1) |
| | Edema Peripheral | 1 (1) |
| Immune System Disorders | Hypersensitivity | 1 (1) |

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| System Organ Class | Preferred Term | ITT Population (N=110) N (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Infections and Infestations | Incision Site Infection | 4 (4) |
| | Extradural Abscess | 1 (1) |
| | Implant Site Cellulitis | 1 (1) |
| | Spinal Infection Viral | 1 (1) |
| Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications | Procedural Pain | 37 (34) |
| | Post Lumbar Puncture Syndrome | 9 (8) |
| | Wound Secretion | 9 (8) |
| | Seroma | 4 (4) |
| | Wound Dehiscence | 3 (3) |
| (Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications, continued) | Excoriation | 1 (1) |
| | Hip Fracture^{1} | 1 (1) |
| | Procedural Nausea | 1 (1) |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | Back Pain | 2 (2) |
| | Pain in Extremity | 2 (2) |
| Nervous System Disorders | Headache | 8 (7) |
| | Dizziness | 3 (3) |
| | Intracranial Hypotension | 2 (2) |
| | Balance Disorder | 1 (1) |
| | Burning Sensation | 1 (1) |
| | Diplegia | 1 (1) |
| | Hypoaesthesia | 1 (1) |
| | Neuropathy Peripheral | 1 (1) |
| | Tremor | 1 (1) |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | Dyspnoea | 1 (1) |
| | Respiratory Depression | 1 (1) |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | Dermatitis Contact | 5 (5) |
| | Pruritus | 2 (2) |
| | Scab | 2 (2) |
| | Echymosis | 1 (1) |
| | Rash | 1 (1) |
| Surgical and Medical Procedures | Surgery^{2} | 10 (9) |
| Vascular Disorders | Haematoma | 1 (1) |

1. Event occurred while patient was being treated with a drug other than Infumorph via Prometra System
2. Surgery to replace or revise intrathecal catheter

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# XI. PANEL MEETING RECOMMENDATION AND FDA'S POST-PANEL ACTION

In accordance with the provisions of section 515(c)(2) of the act as amended by the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, this PMA was not referred to the General Hospital and Personal Use Devices Panel, an FDA advisory committee, for review and recommendation because the information in the PMA substantially duplicates information previously reviewed by this panel.

# XII. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES

The Prometra System achieved the clinical study primary endpoint by accurately delivering the volume of Infumorph programmed for delivery. The 90% confidence interval of the Delivered to Programmed Ratio (95.9 – 97.7%) was within the required range (85 – 115%).

Improvements in pain and related disabilities from baseline were reported at the end of each month during the first six (6) months post-implant. Markers for effectiveness were derived from measurement of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scales, as well as scores from Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires. Few patients completed the protocol without confounding concomitant treatments for pain. Therefore, secondary objectives were not achieved.

Interpretation of the patient safety database was confounded by intrathecal administration of drugs that were not approved for that route of administration, concurrent use of a spinal cord stimulator, and differences in adverse events reported between the applicant’s summaries and the electronically reported line data. The study also did not include a control.

Despite these limitations, there was no apparent safety signal or other systematic pattern of device-related adverse event noted.

The study demonstrates that the pump is able to accurately deliver the volume of Infumorph that is programmed for delivery.

Preclinical studies demonstrate that device specific risks to health are identified and controlled.

The data in this application support the reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of this device when used in accordance with the indications for use.

# XIII. CDRH DECISION

CDRH issued an approval order on February 7, 2012. The final conditions of approval cited in the approval order are described below.

1. An in-vitro, in-use stability study, over refills of the pump for the intended use period. The study will characterize the long-term profile of extractable/leachable and impurities/degradation products and will address any impairment of pump system function.

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2. A prospective, non-randomized, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the long-term safety of the Prometra® Programmable Pump System.

The applicant’s manufacturing facility was inspected and found to be in compliance with the device Quality System (QS) regulation (21 CFR 820).

## XIV. APPROVAL SPECIFICATION

Directions for use: See device labeling.

Hazards to Health from Use of the Device: See Indications, Contraindications, Warnings, Precautions, and Adverse Events in the device labeling.

Post-approval Requirements and Restrictions: See approval order.

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