K983732 · Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. · MQB · Apr 21, 1999 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K983732
Device Name
THORAX FD AND MULTIX FD
Applicant
Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.
Product Code
MQB · Radiology
Decision Date
Apr 21, 1999
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.1680
Device Class
Class 2
Indications for Use
The SIEMENS Flat Panel Detector, in both the THORAX FD and the MULTIX FD systems, allows acquisition of exposures without the use of conventional film/screen systems. The THORAX FD system is a stand alone automated chest unit, while the MULTIX FD is a universal radiographic x-ray system. The MULTIX FD and the THORAX FD both allow radiographic exposures of the whole body including skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, and excluding mammography. Radiographic exposures may be taken with the patient in the sitting, standing, or prone positions.
Device Story
Solid State X-ray Imager (SSXI) flat panel detector; replaces conventional film/screen systems. Uses semiconductor sensors for direct conversion of x-ray quanta into digital image data. Integrated into THORAX FD (automated chest unit) and MULTIX FD (universal radiographic system). Operated by clinical staff in radiology settings. Produces digital radiographic images of anatomical regions. Enables immediate digital acquisition; eliminates film processing; provides diagnostic image quality comparable or superior to film/screen systems.
Clinical Evidence
Clinical study conducted in Regensburg, Germany. Compared digital images from THORAX FD and MULTIX FD systems to standard film images. Results indicated digital images were comparable to film, with diagnostic imaging quality equal to or better than film/screen systems. Laboratory testing also supported equivalence.
Technological Characteristics
Scintillator-photodetector device; utilizes semiconductor sensors for direct x-ray to digital conversion. Stationary x-ray system configuration. Digital imaging technology replaces film/screen or phosphor plate systems.
Indications for Use
Indicated for radiographic imaging of the whole body, including skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, and extremities, excluding mammography. Applicable to patients in sitting, standing, or supine positions.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A stationary x-ray system is a permanently installed diagnostic system intended to generate and control x-rays for examination of various anatomical regions. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). A radiographic contrast tray or radiology diagnostic kit intended for use with a stationary x-ray system only is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 892.9.
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4/21/99
ATTACHMENT 12
K983732
## 510(K) SUMMARY
Flat Panel Detector Submitted by:
SIEMENS Medical Systems, Inc. 186 Wood Avenue South Iselin, NJ 08830
October 21, 1998
This 510(k) summary of safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of SMDA 1990 and 21 CFR §807.92.
### Contact Person: 1.
Ms. Malgorzata Stanek Fax: (732) 321-4841 Phone: (732) 321-3950
### 2. Device Name and Classification:
THORAX FD Trade Name: Solid State X-ray Imager (SSXI) Classification Name: Classification Panel: Radiology CFR Section: 21 CFR §892.1680 Stationary X-ray System Class II Device Class: Product Code: 90MQB
Trade Name: Classification Name: Classification Panel: CFR Section:
Device Class: Product Code:
MULTIX FD Solid State X-ray Imager (SSXI) Radiology 21 CFR §892.1680 Stationary X-ray System Class II 90MQB
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### 3. Substantial Equivalence:
The Flat Panel Detector is designed for use in the MULTIX FD and the THORAX FD stationary x-ray systems. These configurations allow acquisition of radiographic exposures of various anatomical regions of the body. They are substantially equivalent to the following SIEMENS Medical Systems devices:
| SIEMENS<br>Device Name | System Type | FDA Clearance<br>Number | FDA Clearance<br>Date |
|------------------------|-----------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------|
| DIGISCAN 2 | Phosphor Plate System | K924459 | 12/17/92 |
| THORAMAT | Vertical Chest X-ray System | Pre-Ammendment | Pre-Ammendment |
| Multix TOP/PRO | Stationary X-ray System | K971452 | 5/14/97 |
### 4. Device Description:
The SIEMENS Flat Panel Detector is a scintillator-photodetector device. The Flat Panel Detector is used in two different configurations which allow acquisition of radiographic exposures. The two configurations in which the detector is used are the vertical position, marketed as the THORAX FD, and the horizontal position, marketed as the MULTIX FD. Both x-ray system configurations utilize the digital capabilities of the detector, in conjunction with other system components, to produce radiographic images of various anatomical regions of the body.
The SIEMENS Flat Panel Detector, in the THORAX FD and the MULTIX FD configurations, allows acquisition of exposures without the use of conventional film/screen systems. This process is done via semiconductor sensors which facilitate direct conversion of x-ray quanta into digital image data.
### ડ. Intended Use of the Device:
The SIEMENS Flat Panel Detector, in both the THORAX FD and the MULTIX FD systems, allows acquisition of exposures without the use of conventional film/screen systems. The THORAX FD system is a stand alone automated chest unit, while the MULTIX FD is a universal radiographic x-ray system. The MULTIX FD and the THORAX FD both allow radiographic exposures of the whole body including skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, and excluding mammography. Radiographic exposures may be taken with the patient in the sitting, standing, or prone positions.
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### 6. Summary of Technological Characteristics of the Devices Compared to the Predicate:
Both configurations, THORAX FD and MULTIX FD, are capable of acquiring radiographic images in a manner similar to that of the in the DIGISCAN 2, the THOROMAT, and the Multix TOP/PRO. The difference is that the THORAX FD and the MULTIX FD systems use SSXI digital technology, as opposed to the predicates which use standard film or phosphor plate technology.
### 7. Clinical Study and Conclusion:
A clinical study were carried out in Regensburg, Germany to determine whether radiographic images taken using the digital technology of the THORAX FD and the MULTIX FD systems were substantially equivalent to standard film images. The results from the studies showed that the digital images were comparable to film. Laboratory test results also support the equivalence to standard film images shown in the clinical studies. This clinical outcome supported the diagnostic imaging quality of the digital system as being equal to or better than film/screen.
Kathleen Rutherford
Kathleen Rutherford Manager, Regulatory Submissions SIEMENS Medical Systems, Inc.
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Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
APR 2 1 1999
Malgorzata Stanek Technical Specialist, RAC Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. 186 Wood Avenue South Iselin. New Jersev 08830
RE:
K983732 Thorax FD & Multix FD Solid State X-Ray Imaging Systems Dated: January 27, 1999 Received: January 28, 1999 Regulatory Class: II 21 CFR 892.1630/Procode: 90 MQB
Dear Ms. Stanek:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) notification of intent to market the device referenced above and we have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (Premarket Approval), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 895. A substantially equivalent determination assumes compliance with the Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements, as set forth in the Quality System Regulation (QS) for Medical Devices: General regulation (21 CFR Part 820) and that, through periodic QS inspections, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will verify such assumptions. Failure to comply with the GMP regulation may result in requlatory action. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register. Please note: this response to your premarket notification submission does not affect any obligation you might have under sections 531 through 542 of the Act for devices under the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions, or other Federal laws or regulations.
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801 and additionally 809.10 for in vitro diagnostic devices), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4613. Additionally, for questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification"(21 CFR 807.97). Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597, or at its internet address "http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsma/dsmamain.html".
Sincerely yours,
CAPT Daniel C. Schultz, M.D.
CAPT Daniel G. Schultz, M.D. Acting Director, Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, Ear, Nose and Throat, and Radiological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# ATTACHMENT 13
## INDICATIONS FOR USE
## 510(k) Number (if known): __ K98 3732 Flat Panel Detector in the THORAX FD and MULTIX FD Device Name: --
Indications For Use:
The SIEMENS Flat Panel Detector, in both the THORAX FD and the MULTIX FD systems, allows acquisition of x-ray exposures without the use of conventional film/screen systems. The THORAX FD system is a stand alone automated chest unit, while the MULTIX FD is a universal radiographic x-ray system. The MULTIX FD and THORAX FD both allow radiographic exposures of the whole body including skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, and excluding mammography. Radiographic exposures may be taken with the patient in the sitting, standing, or supine positions.
(Please do not write below this line - continue on another page if needed)
Concurrence of the CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
Yhmid h. Segson
Sign-Off)
==============================================================================================================================================================================
ion of Reproductive, Abdominal, ENT,
Kadiological Devices
(k) Number K983732
Prescription Use OR Over-The-Counter Use (Per 21 CFR 801.109)
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.