K981118 · Abbott Laboratories · CEO · Jun 12, 1998 · Clinical Chemistry
Device Facts
Record ID
K981118
Device Name
PHOS
Applicant
Abbott Laboratories
Product Code
CEO · Clinical Chemistry
Decision Date
Jun 12, 1998
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 862.1580
Device Class
Class 1
Indications for Use
The Phosphorus assay is used for the quantitation of inorganic phosphorus in human serum, plasma, or urine.
Device Story
The Phosphorus assay is an in vitro diagnostic clinical chemistry test for the quantitative measurement of inorganic phosphorus in human serum, plasma, or urine. The assay utilizes a chemical reaction where inorganic phosphorus reacts with ammonium molybdate in dilute sulfuric acid to form an unreduced phosphomolybdate complex. The concentration of this complex is measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm, with absorbance being directly proportional to the amount of inorganic phosphorus present. The assay is performed on automated chemistry analyzers (e.g., ALCYON Analyzer) in a clinical laboratory setting by trained laboratory personnel. The resulting quantitative output provides clinicians with data to assist in diagnosing and monitoring metabolic conditions related to parathyroid function, renal health, and vitamin D status.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Method comparison studies were conducted on the ALCYON Analyzer against Roche Cobas Mira Plus (serum) and Boehringer Mannheim (urine) assays. Serum correlation: r=0.9885, slope=1.049, intercept=0.264 mg/dL. Urine correlation: r=0.9947, slope=0.973. Precision studies (within-run, between-run, between-day) showed total %CVs between 2.4% and 3.2%. Linearity established up to 16 mg/dL; limit of quantitation is 0.3 mg/dL.
Technological Characteristics
In vitro diagnostic clinical chemistry assay. Principle: spectrophotometric measurement of unreduced phosphomolybdate complex at 340 nm. Reagents: ammonium molybdate in dilute sulfuric acid. Form factor: liquid reagents for use on automated clinical chemistry analyzers. Connectivity: dependent on host analyzer system. Sterilization: not applicable (reagent-based).
Indications for Use
Indicated for the quantitative determination of inorganic phosphorus in human serum, plasma, or urine to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders including parathyroid gland disease, kidney disease, and vitamin D imbalance.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A phosphorus (inorganic) test system is a device intended to measure inorganic phosphorus in serum, plasma, and urine. Measurements of phosphorus (inorganic) are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders, including parathyroid gland and kidney diseases, and vitamin D imbalance.
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# 510(k) Summary
### Submitter's Name/Address
Abbott Laboratories 1920 Hurd Drive Irving, Texas 75038 Contact Person Mark Littlefield Section Manager MS 1-8 Regulatory Affairs (972) 518-7861 Fax (972) 753-3367
| Date of Preparation of this Summary: | March 26, 1998 |
|--------------------------------------------------|----------------|
| Device Trade or Proprietary Name: | Phos |
| Device Common/Usual Name or Classification Name: | Phosphorus |
| Classification Number/Class: | 75CEO/Class I |
This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of SMDA 1990 and 21 CFR 807.92.
The assigned 510(k) number is:
## Test Description:
Phosphorus is an in vitro diagnostic assay for the quantitative determination of inorganic phosphorus in human serum, plasma, or urine. The Phosphorus assay is a clinical chemistry assay in which the inorganic phosphorus reacts with ammonium molybdate in dilute sulfuric acid to form the unreduced phosphomolybdate complex. The formation of the unreduced phosphomolybdate is measured at 340 nm and is directly proportional to the amount of inorganic phosphorus present.
## Substantial Equivalence:
The Phosphorus assay is substantially equivalent to the following devices:
- . Roche® Cobas Mira® Plus Phosphorus assay (K883962) for the serum application
- . Boehringer Mannheim® Phosphorus Assay (K872494) on the Hitachi® 717 Analyzer for the urine application
Phosphorus 510(k) March 26, 1998 Phos326.lwg
Section II Page 1
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These assays yield similar Performance Characteristics.
Similarities to Roche:
- Both assays are in vitro clinical chemistry methods. .
- Both assays can be used for the quantitative determination of inorganic . phosphorus.
- Both assays yield similar clinical results. .
# Differences to Roche:
- There is a minor difference in the assay range. .
Similarities to Boehringer Mannheim:
- Both assays are in vitro clinical chemistry methods. .
- Both assays can be used for the quantitative determination of inorganic . phosphorus.
- . Both assays vield similar clinical results.
Differences to Boehringer Mannheim:
- . There is a minor difference in the assay range.
### Intended Use:
The Phosphorus assay is used for the quantitation of inorganic phosphorus in human serum, plasma, or urine.
## Performance Characteristics:
Comparative performance studies were conducted using the ALCYON™ Analyzer. The Phosphorus assay method comparison yielded acceptable correlation with the Roche Cobas Mira Plus Automated Chemistry System Phosphorus assay for the serum application and the Boehringer Mannheim Phosphorus assay on the Hitatchi 717 Analyzer for the urine application. For the serum application, the correlation coefficient = 0.9885, slope = 1.049, and the Y-intercept = 0.264 mg/dL. For the urine application, the correlation coefficient = 0.9947, slope = 0.973, and
Phosphorus 510(k) March 26, 1998 Phos326.lwp
Section II Page 2
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Y-intercept = - 1.582 mg/dL. Precision studies were conducted using the Phosphorus assay. Within-run, between-run, and between-day studies were performed using two levels of control material. For the serum application, the total %CV for Level 1/Panel 111 control is 2.8% and Level 2/Panel 112 is 2.7%. For the urine application, the total %CV for Level 1/Panel 111 control is 3.2% and Level 2/Panel 112 is 2.4%. The Phosphorus assay is linear up to 16 mg/dL. The limit of quantitation (sensitivity) of the Phosphorus assay is 0.3 mg/dL. These data demonstrate that the performance of the Phosphorus assay is substantially equivalent to the performance of the Roche Cobas Mira Plus Automated Chemistry System Phosphorus assay for the serum application and the Boehringer Mannheim Phosphorus assay on the Hitatchi 717 Analyzer for the urine application.
## Conclusion:
The Phosphorus assay is substantially equivalent to the Roche Cobas Mira Plus Automated Chemistry System Phosphorus assay for the serum application and the Boehringer Mannheim Phosphorus assay on the Hitatchi 717 Analyzer for the urine application as demonstrated by results obtained in the studies.
Phosphorus 510(k) March 26, 1998 Phos326.lwp
Section II Page 3
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Food and Drug Administration 2098 Gaither Road Rockville MD 20850
JUN 12 1998
Mark Littlefield Section Manager, Regulatory Affairs Abbott Laboratories 1920 Hurd Drive Irving, Texas 75038
K981118 Re : Phosphorus I Regulatory Class: Product Code: CEO Dated: March 26, 1998 Received: March 27, 1998
Dear Mr. Littlefield:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) notification of intent to market the device referenced above and we have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions The general controls provisions of the Act of the Act. include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (Premarket Approval), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major requlations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Requlations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 895. ಗಿ substantially equivalent determination assumes compliance with the Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements, as set forth in the Quality System Regulation (QS) for Medical Devices: General regulation (21 CFR Part 820) and that, through periodic QS inspections, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will verify such assumptions. Failure to comply with the GMP regulation may result in regulatory In addition, FDA may publish further announcements action. concerning your device in the Federal Register. Please note: this response to your premarket notification submission does not affect any obligation you might have under sections 531 through 542 of the Act for devices under the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions, or other Federal laws or regulations.
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Under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA-88), this device may require a CLIA complexity categorization. To determine if it does, you should contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at (770) 488-7655.
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your 510 (k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801 and additionally 809.10 for in vitro diagnostic devices), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4588. Additionally, for questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its internet address "http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsmamain.html".
Sincerely yours,
Steven Litman
Steven I. Gutman, M.D., M.B.A. Director Division of Clinical Laboratory Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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510(k) Number (if known): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Device Name: Phosphorus
Indications For Use:
The Phosphorus assay is used for the quantitation of inorganic phosphorus in human serum, plasma, or urine. Measurements of phosphorus (inorganic) are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders, including parathyroid gland and kidney diseases, and vitamin D imbalance.
Lision. Clore. 0.62
(Division Sign-Off) Division of Clinical Laboratory Defices 510(k) Number .
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE - CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
ﻨﺴﺎ Prescription Use (Per 21 CFR 801.109)
OR
Over-The-Counter Use -----
(Optional Format 1-2-96)
00000006
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.