K974770 · Philips Medical Systems (Cleveland), Inc. · MUJ · Sep 2, 1998 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K974770
Device Name
ACQPLAN
Applicant
Philips Medical Systems (Cleveland), Inc.
Product Code
MUJ · Radiology
Decision Date
Sep 2, 1998
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.5050
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Therapeutic, Pediatric
Indications for Use
The ACQPLAN is an integrated 3-D RTP and simulation system embedded in a volumetric image processing computer environment. AcQPlan is intended to be used to plan radiation therapy treatments on linear accelerators and other similar teletherapy devices with x-ray beams of energies from 4 to 50 MV, cobalt-60, and electron beams with energies from 4 to 50 MeV of the entire human anatomy. It allows the treatment planner to employ such techniques as asymmetrically collimated fields, irregular fields, multi-leaf collimators, non-coplanar fields, bolus, fixed wedges, and Varian's enhanced dynamic wedges. It allows the treatment planner to take heterogeneities into account for photon beams using two versions of the Batho method or the Equivalent TAR (ETAR) method, and it uses a generalized Gaussian pencil beam model for electron beams. Using AcQPlan, the treatment planner can simultaneously visualize target and normal tissues and the computed 3-D dose distributions in great detail, on a real-time basis. The treatment planner develops treatment plans in a coordinate system accurately fixed to set-up marks on the patient, using CT and multi-modality information made possible by volumetric 3-D image processing. Tools for managing competing and complementary plans are provided. Tools, based on DVH plots, are provided for comparing competing plans. High quality DRRs and DCRs (digitally composited radiographs), with BEV and beam graphics superimposed, are generated to replace conventional simulator films. This device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, components and accessories. This device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, components and accessories.
Device Story
ACQPLAN is an integrated 3-D radiation therapy planning (RTP) and simulation system. It ingests CT and multi-modality volumetric image data to facilitate treatment planning. The system enables planners to define treatment fields—including asymmetric, irregular, multi-leaf collimator, and non-coplanar fields—and apply bolus or wedges. It calculates dose distributions using Batho or ETAR methods for photons and a generalized Gaussian pencil beam model for electrons. The system generates high-quality digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and digitally composited radiographs (DCRs) with beam's-eye-view (BEV) graphics, replacing conventional simulator films. Operated by trained healthcare professionals in a clinical environment, the system allows real-time visualization of targets, normal tissues, and 3-D dose distributions. Planners use dose-volume histogram (DVH) tools to compare competing plans. The device assists in precise treatment delivery by fixing plans to patient set-up marks, ultimately aiming to optimize radiation therapy accuracy and patient outcomes.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Effectiveness established through internal evaluation throughout development phases, confirming performance in accordance with specifications.
Technological Characteristics
Integrated 3-D RTP system; volumetric image processing computer environment. Supports photon (4-50 MV) and electron (4-50 MeV) beam modeling. Implements Batho/ETAR methods for photon heterogeneity and Gaussian pencil beam model for electrons. Conforms to IEC 601-1 and UL 187 safety standards. Includes signal analysis, display equipment, and patient support accessories.
Indications for Use
Indicated for radiation therapy treatment planning for patients requiring teletherapy (linear accelerators, cobalt-60) with photon (4-50 MV) or electron (4-50 MeV) beams across the entire human anatomy.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A medical charged-particle radiation therapy system is a device that produces by acceleration high energy charged particles (e.g., electrons and protons) intended for use in radiation therapy. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, treatment planning computer programs, component parts, and accessories.
Submission Summary (Full Text)
{0}------------------------------------------------
2 1898 SEP
K974770
### Picker 510(k) Notice
### ACQPLAN Summary of Safety and Effectiveness
This is a summary of the information submitted by Picker International, Inc. to the Office of Device Evaluation (ODE), specifically DRAERD of the FDA as required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as amended on November 18, 1990 in section 513(f)(3).
The ACQPLAN is an integrated 3-D RTP and simulation system embedded in a volumetric image processing computer environment. AcQPlan is intended to be used to plan radiation therapy treatments on linear accelerators and other similar teletherapy devices with x-ray beams of energies from 4 to 50 MV, cobalt-60, and electron beams with energies from 4 to 50 MeV of the entire human anatomy. It allows the treatment planner to employ such techniques as asymmetrically collimated fields, irregular fields, multi-leaf collimators, non-coplanar fields, bolus, fixed wedges, and Varian's enhanced dynamic wedges. It allows the treatment planner to take heterogeneities into account for photon beams using two versions of the Batho method or the Equivalent TAR (ETAR) method, and it uses a generalized Gaussian pencil beam model for electron beams. Using AcQPlan, the treatment planner can simultaneously visualize target and the computed 3-D dose distributions in great detail, on a real-time basis. The treatment planner develops treatment plans in a coordinate system accurately fixed to set-up marks on the patient, using CT and multi-modality information made possible by volumetric 3-D image processing. Tools for managing competing and complementary plans are provided. Tools, based on DVH plots, are provided for comparing competing plans. High quality DRRs and DCRs (digitally composited radiographs), with BEV and beam graphics superimposed, are generated to replace conventional simulator films. This device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, components and accessories.
Preliminary functional specifications and operator's instructions are included in the Attachments "B" and "C" respectively. Final documentation will be provided with production units.
The ACQPLAN is substantially equivalent to legally marketed devices and is under control of health care professionals who are trained and responsible for computed tomography examinations. Labeling (Product Specification and Operator's Manual) will be provided to the user of the equipment.
Picker adheres to FDA 21 CFR 820 and voluntary standards for safety and effectiveness (UL 187) all of which mandate that components are tested to minimize hazards (electrical, mechanical, and radiation). In addition, the system is designed to conform to IEC 601-1.
Effectiveness is established by Picker's evaluation throughout all phases of the ACQPLAN development. The product will perform in accordance with the development specifications. The ACQPLAN represents the current state-of- the-art technology, therefore, is equivalent to legally marketed devices.
Picker has reviewed all known information and performed an investigation as to the causes of safety and effectiveness concerning the ACQPLAN. In addition, all information contained in this 510(k) Notice is accurate and complete.
{1}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/1/Picture/0 description: The image is a black and white seal for the Department of Health & Human Services USA. The seal is circular with the text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES • USA" around the perimeter. In the center of the seal is a stylized image of an eagle with its wings spread.
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
Re:
K974770
ACQPLAN
Dated: June 5, 1998
Regulatory Class: II
Received: June 9, 1998
21 CFR 892.5050/Procode: 90 MUJ
Robert L. Turocy Regulatory Affairs and Compliance Manager Picker International, Inc. World Headquarters 595 Miner Road Cleveland, Ohio 44143
2 1998
Dear Mr. Turocy:
SEP
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) notification of intent to market the device referenced above and we have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class III (Premarket Approval), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 895. A substantially equivalent determination assumes compliance with the Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements, as set forth in the Quality System Regulation (OS) for Medical Devices: General regulation (21 CFR Part 820) and that, through periodic QS inspections, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will verify such assumptions. Failure to comply with the GMP regulation may result in regulatory action. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register. Please note: this response to your premarket notification submission does not affect any obligation you might have under sections 531 through 542 of the Act for devices under the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions, or other Federal laws or regulations.
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801 and additionally 809.10 for in vitro diagnostic devices), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4613. Additionally, for questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address "http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsmaldsmam.html".
Sincerely yours,
Lillian Yin, Ph.D.
Lillian Yin, Ph.D. Director, Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, Ear, Nose and Throat and Radiological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
{2}------------------------------------------------
page 1 of 1
# 510(K) Number (if known): K97 47 7 0
## Device Name: ACQPLAN
### Indications for Use:
)
The ACQPLAN is an integrated 3-D RTP and simulation system embedded in a volumetric image processing computer environment. AcQPlan is intended to be used to plan radiation therapy treatments on linear accelerators and other similar teletherapy devices with x-ray beams of energies from 4 to 50 MV, cobalt-60, and electron beams with energies from 4 to 50 MeV of the entire human anatomy. It allows the treatment planner to employ such techniques as asymmetrically collimated fields, irregular fields, multi-leaf collimators, non-coplanar fields, bolus, fixed wedges, and Varian's enhanced dynamic wedges. It allows the treatment planner to take heterogeneities into account for photon beams using two versions of the Batho method or the Equivalent TAR (ETAR) method, and it uses a generalized Gaussian pencil beam model for electron beams. Using AcQPlan, the treatment planner can simultaneously visualize target and normal tissues and the computed 3-D dose distributions in great detail, on a real-time basis. The treatment planner develops treatment plans in a coordinate system accurately fixed to set-up marks on the patient, using CT and multi-modality information made possible by volumetric 3-D image processing. Tools for managing competing and complementary plans are provided. Tools, based on DVH plots, are provided for comparing competing plans. High quality DRRs and DCRs (digitally composited radiographs), with BEV and beam graphics superimposed, are generated to replace conventional simulator films. This device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, components and accessories. This device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, components and accessories.
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
---
(Division Sign Off)
(Division Sign-Off) Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, EN and Radiological Devices
510(k) Number R974770
Prescription Use (Per 21 CFR 801.109)
OR
Over-The Counter Use
(Optional Format 1-2-96)
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.