The NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system (“NanoZoomer System”) is an automated digital slide creation, viewing, and management system. The NanoZoomer System is for creation and viewing of digital images of scanned glass slides that would otherwise be appropriate for manual visualization by conventional light microscopy. The NanoZoomer System is intended for in vitro diagnostic use as an aid to the pathologist to review and interpret digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (“FFPE”) tissue. The NanoZoomer System is not intended for use with frozen section, cytology, or non-FFPE hematopathology specimens. It is the responsibility of a qualified pathologist to employ appropriate procedures and safeguards to assure the validity of the interpretation of images obtained using NanoZoomer System.
Device Story
Automated whole slide imaging system; creates, views, and manages digital images of FFPE tissue slides. Input: glass slides; Output: high-resolution digital images (NDPi format). Used in clinical pathology settings; operated by laboratory personnel/pathologists. System includes scanner, NZViewMD viewing software, and validated interoperable displays. Pathologists use digital images for primary diagnosis in lieu of conventional light microscopy. Enables remote viewing, storage, and sharing of pathology data. Benefits include increased workflow efficiency and flexibility in slide throughput (up to 540 slides). Remote maintenance supported via VPN/RDP or specified software (Teamviewer, Microsoft Teams, WebEx).
Clinical Evidence
No clinical studies were conducted. Substantial equivalence was established through bench testing and a pixel-wise comparison (PWC) study. The PWC study compared 13 clinical glass slides across three S540MD units and three S360MD predicate units, using CIEDE2000 color difference metrics and Wasserstein-1 distance to confirm image quality equivalency. System-level technical assessments included color reproducibility (CIEDE2000) and spatial resolution (ISO 12233:2014), with all units meeting predefined acceptance criteria.
Technological Characteristics
Automated slide scanner; capacity 540 slides (18 cassettes). Uses NDPi file format. Software: NZAcquireMD (acquisition), NZViewMD (viewing). Connectivity: Networked (VPN/RDP/remote support software). Electrical safety: IEC61010-1, IEC61010-2-101. EMC: IEC 61326-2-6. Interoperable with specific 510(k)-cleared displays (JVC JD-C240BN01A, BARCO MDPC-8127) or others validated via PCCP.
Indications for Use
Indicated for use by pathologists as an aid in the review and interpretation of digital images of FFPE surgical pathology slides. Not for use with frozen section, cytology, or non-FFPE hematopathology specimens.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
The whole slide imaging system is an automated digital slide creation, viewing, and management system intended as an aid to the pathologist to review and interpret digital images of surgical pathology slides. The system generates digital images that would otherwise be appropriate for manual visualization by conventional light microscopy.
Special Controls
A whole slide imaging system must comply with the following special controls: (1) Premarket notification submissions must include the following information: (i) The indications for use must specify the tissue specimen that is intended to be used with the whole slide imaging system and the components of the system. (ii) A detailed description of the device and bench testing results at the component level, including for the following, as appropriate: (A) Slide feeder; (B) Light source; (C) Imaging optics: (D)Mechanical scanner movement; (E) Digital imaging sensor; (F) Image processing software; (G)Image composition techniques; (H)Image file formats; (I) Image review manipulation software; (J) Computer environment; (K)Display system. (iii)Detailed bench testing and results at the system level, including for the following, as appropriate: (A)Color reproducibility; (B) Spatial resolution; (C) Focusing test; (D) Whole slide tissue coverage; (E) Stitching error: (F) Turnaround time. (iv) Detailed information demonstrating the performance characteristics of the device, including, as appropriate: (A)Precision to evaluate intra-system and inter-system precision using a comprehensive set of clinical specimens with defined, clinically relevant histologic features from various organ systems and diseases. Multiple whole slide imaging systems, multiple sites, and multiple readers must be included. (B) Reproducibility data to evaluate inter-site variability using a comprehensive set of clinical specimens with defined, clinically relevant histologic features from various organ systems and diseases. Multiple whole slide imaging systems, multiple sites, and multiple readers must be included. (C) Data from a clinical study to demonstrate that viewing, reviewing, and diagnosing digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from tissue slides using the whole slide imaging system is non-inferior to using an optical microscope. The study should evaluate the difference in major discordance rates between manual digital (MD) and manual optical (MO) modalities when compared to the reference (e.g., main sign-out diagnosis). (D) A detailed human factors engineering process must be used to evaluate the whole slide imaging system user interface(s). (2) Labeling compliant with 21 CFR 809.10(b) must include the following: The intended use statement must include the information described in paragraph (i) (1)(i) of this section, as applicable, and a statement that reads, "It is the responsibility of a qualified pathologist to employ appropriate procedures and safeguards to assure the validity of the interpretation of images obtained using this device." (ii) A description of the technical studies and the summary of results, including those that relate to paragraph (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section, as appropriate. (iii) A description of the performance studies and the summary of results, including those that relate to paragraph (1)(iv) of this section, as appropriate. (iv) A limiting statement that specifies that pathologists should exercise professional judgment in each clinical situation and examine the glass slides by conventional microscopy if there is doubt about the ability to accurately render an interpretation using this device alone.
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). The special controls for this device are:(1) Premarket notification submissions must include the following information:
(i) The indications for use must specify the tissue specimen that is intended to be used with the whole slide imaging system and the components of the system.
(ii) A detailed description of the device and bench testing results at the component level, including for the following, as appropriate:
(A) Slide feeder;
(B) Light source;
(C) Imaging optics;
(D) Mechanical scanner movement;
(E) Digital imaging sensor;
(F) Image processing software;
(G) Image composition techniques;
(H) Image file formats;
(I) Image review manipulation software;
(J) Computer environment; and
(K) Display system.
(iii) Detailed bench testing and results at the system level, including for the following, as appropriate:
(A) Color reproducibility;
(B) Spatial resolution;
(C) Focusing test;
(D) Whole slide tissue coverage;
(E) Stitching error; and
(F) Turnaround time.
(iv) Detailed information demonstrating the performance characteristics of the device, including, as appropriate:
(A) Precision to evaluate intra-system and inter-system precision using a comprehensive set of clinical specimens with defined, clinically relevant histologic features from various organ systems and diseases. Multiple whole slide imaging systems, multiple sites, and multiple readers must be included.
(B) Reproducibility data to evaluate inter-site variability using a comprehensive set of clinical specimens with defined, clinically relevant histologic features from various organ systems and diseases. Multiple whole slide imaging systems, multiple sites, and multiple readers must be included.
(C) Data from a clinical study to demonstrate that viewing, reviewing, and diagnosing digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from tissue slides using the whole slide imaging system is non-inferior to using an optical microscope. The study should evaluate the difference in major discordance rates between manual digital (MD) and manual optical (MO) modalities when compared to the reference (
*e.g.,* main sign-out diagnosis).(D) A detailed human factor engineering process must be used to evaluate the whole slide imaging system user interface(s).
(2) Labeling compliant with 21 CFR 809.10(b) must include the following:
(i) The intended use statement must include the information described in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, as applicable, and a statement that reads, “It is the responsibility of a qualified pathologist to employ appropriate procedures and safeguards to assure the validity of the interpretation of images obtained using this device.”
(ii) A description of the technical studies and the summary of results, including those that relate to paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section, as appropriate.
(iii) A description of the performance studies and the summary of results, including those that relate to paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section, as appropriate.
(iv) A limiting statement that specifies that pathologists should exercise professional judgment in each clinical situation and examine the glass slides by conventional microscopy if there is doubt about the ability to accurately render an interpretation using this device alone.
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[LOGO]
FDA
U.S. FOOD & DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
### 510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION
DECISION SUMMARY
### I Background Information:
### A 510(k) Number
K260964
### B Applicant
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
### C Proprietary and Established Names
NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system
### D Regulatory Information
| Product Code(s) | Classification | Regulation Section | Panel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PSY | Class II | 21 CFR 864.3700 - Whole Slide Imaging System | PA - Pathology |
### II Submission/Device Overview:
### A Purpose for Submission:
i. New device-NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system
ii. Establish a Pre-Determined Change Control Plan (PCCP; version 01) for qualifying and adding additional FDA-cleared displays as interoperable components to the NanoZoomer S540MD.
### B Type of Test:
Digital pathology whole slide imaging
### III Intended Use/Indications for Use:
### A Intended Use(s):
See Indications for Use below.
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# **B Indication(s) for Use:**
The NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system (“NanoZoomer System”) is an automated digital slide creation, viewing, and management system. The NanoZoomer System is for creation and viewing of digital images of scanned glass slides that would otherwise be appropriate for manual visualization by conventional light microscopy. The NanoZoomer System is intended for in vitro diagnostic use as an aid to the pathologist to review and interpret digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (“FFPE”) tissue. The NanoZoomer System is not intended for use with frozen section, cytology, or non-FFPE hematopathology specimens.
It is the responsibility of a qualified pathologist to employ appropriate procedures and safeguards to assure the validity of the interpretation of images obtained using NanoZoomer System.
# **C Special Conditions for Use Statement(s):**
Rx - For Prescription Use Only
# **IV Device/System Characteristics:**
# **A. Device Description:**
The NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system (C17400-01MD) is an automated system for creating diagnostic-quality digital images of glass slides containing FFPE tissue. Slide images may be viewed, stored, retrieved, duplicated, annotated, and/or shared, permitting the pathologist to make a primary diagnosis based on the review of the whole-slide images (WSIs).
The S540MD System includes the following subsystems:
1. The NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner creates digital WSIs of conventional histological glass slides containing surgical tissue samples. It can be loaded with 360 (20 slides/cassette) or 540 (30 slides/cassette) glass slides.
2. The S540MD Slide scanner includes hardware and firmware. There are no differences in firmware for the slide feeder compared to the S360MD as the S540MD except for the capacity of slides. Scanner control is the same for all other processes, including the imaging process and XYZ stage control. The S540MD Slide scanner has a touchscreen interface instead of the control panel in the S360MD.
3. Identical to the software used with the NanoZoomer S360MD Slide scanner system cleared in K213883, K233027 and K253606, it directs the scanner to create and store WSI images and allows the user to view, manipulate, and annotate them on the display monitor.
o NZAcquireMD allows the user to operate the scanner and to store and archive digital images. NZAcquireMD is software that scans pathology slides by controlling the hardware and firmware components required to acquire pathology images according to the specifications and procedures set by the user through the user interface.
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o NZViewMD allows the user to view, manipulate, and annotate the image on the monitor.
4. The display monitors, a JVC Kenwood JD-C240 (K213883), Barco MDPC-8127 (K203364), or a 510(k)-cleared display that has been assessed in accordance with the PCCP for qualifying additional compatible displays. The display monitor allows the slide images to be viewed.
# Principles of Operation
Glass slides are first transferred to a macro stage, where a whole-slide image is captured containing both the specimen and the barcode information present on each slide. The NZAcquireMD software uses the macro image to determine which areas of the slide need to be scanned in greater detail. Glass slides are then moved to a micro stage, where the S540MD slide scanner uses its motorized stage, 20x objective lens, CMOS camera, and LED light source to detect appropriate focusing points and scan the identified areas of interest in fine detail to create a high-resolution digital slide image. Images are automatically saved to the hard drive during scanning by using the included viewing software.
The S540MD System can be connected to a server and a display monitor over a customer-provided local area network (“LAN”). The data flow over the LAN connection is only meant for transferring, storing, or displaying images. The S540MD System does not use wireless communication in any form or any cloud communication.
# B. Instrument Description Information:
a. Instrument Name:
NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system
b. Specimen Identification:
Glass slides and scanned images are identified based on the previously assigned specimen identifiers such as patient identifiers, barcodes, etc. Digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue.
c. Specimen Sampling and Handling:
Specimen sampling and handling are performed upstream and independent of the use of the subject device. Specimen sampling includes surgical pathology specimens such as biopsy or resection specimens which are processed using standard histology techniques. The FFPE tissue sections are Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained. Then digital images are obtained from these glass slides using the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner.
d. Calibration:
When the system is launched (powered up), automatic system diagnosis is performed by the software using the provided calibration slides. This process evaluates the proper functioning of the light source, imaging sensor, and macro sensor and light source. When necessary, based on the automatic system diagnosis, adjustment of the shading correction and color
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balance correction features are performed automatically by the system. Monthly cleaning such as dusting of the scan mechanism and optical components is also performed by the user. System administrators and field service personnel may also complete a system check following the NZAcquireMD Instructions for Use and the NZTuneMD service software and the calibration slides. This checks correction status and acquires correction data for whole slide and scanned images. Additional calibration and quality control procedures are performed during field service visits following procedures provided in the NanoZoomer S540MD Maintenance Manual. These include annual testing of several critical components in the system and annual calibration of the components and the display.
e. Quality Control:
Quality control (QC) activities are performed by the user. Prior to scanning slides using the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system, the user conducts QC of the slides per the laboratory's standards and professional guidelines (e.g., staining, cover-slipping, and barcode placement, etc.). After completing a scan, the user checks the image data and image quality using Quality Check mode in NZAcquireMD which includes the following steps:
- Display the Scan Result screen by selecting a slide for which scanning has been completed.
- Confirm scan area, focus quality, and barcode information. Confirm that the barcode information displayed above the slide image is consistent with the barcode label.
- Check the slide image to ensure all tissue on the slide are present within the scan area. Manually verifying tissue block with the scanned images is also performed as needed. Slides are rescanned if necessary.
Before reading the scanned WSIs, the pathologist should ensure that all scanned slide images have been imported for every case, and the images are of acceptable quality for diagnostic purposes. The pathologist reviews scanned images from all the slides associated with a case before rendering a diagnosis.
V Substantial Equivalence Information:
A. Predicate Device Name:
NanoZoomer S360MD Slide scanner system
B. Predicate 510(k) Number:
K233027
C. Comparison with Predicate(s):
The subject device is similar to the predicate, having similar indications for use, intended use, technological characteristics as its predicate device, along with the implementation of a Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) that specifies the protocols and acceptance criteria for validating and adding additional FDA-cleared displays as interoperable component to the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner systems in a controlled manner, such that the device is as safe and as effective as the predicate.
The sponsor's PCCP for validating the use of additional FDA-cleared display is part of the Hamamatsu quality management system and comprises the following phases:
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1. When a new FDA-cleared display is identified as the candidate, the candidate display, and its supplier will be evaluated based on various considerations. A design change request will be generated if the candidate display and its supplier pass the evaluation.
2. The candidate display will be tested with a set of FDA-approved test methods and acceptance criteria, including system-level tests for the complete WSI system specified in the PCCP. The tests will be conducted by a qualified tester according to the quality management system. If there is a failure detected during the test, the failure(s) will be recorded, and the design change will not be implemented.
3. If the candidate display meets the acceptance criteria, the design change will be implemented according to the quality management system, and the new display may be added as an interoperable component to the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system without additional premarket review.
4. Any display-specific software will be verified by Hamamatsu to confirm it does not impact performance of the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner systems.
5. The system labeling and company website will be revised to identify the new display according to the quality management system.
The similarities and differences between the subject and predicate devices are summarized in Table below.
# Comparison with Predicate
| Device & Predicate Device(s) | S540MD System Subject Device | S360MD System Predicate Device (K233027) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Device Trade Name | NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system | NanoZoomer S360MD Slide scanner system |
| General Device Characteristic: Similarities | | |
| Intended Use/ Indications for Use | The NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system (“NanoZoomer System”) is an automated digital slide creation, viewing, and management system. The NanoZoomer System is for creation and viewing of digital images of scanned glass slides that would otherwise be appropriate for manual visualization by conventional light microscopy. The NanoZoomer System is intended for in vitro diagnostic use as an aid to the pathologist to review and interpret digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (“FFPE”) tissue. The NanoZoomer System is not intended for use with frozen section, cytology, or non-FFPE hematopathology specimens. | The NanoZoomer S360MD Slide scanner system (“NanoZoomer System”) is an automated digital slide creation, viewing, and management system. The NanoZoomer System is intended for in vitro diagnostic use as an aid to the pathologist to review and interpret digital images of surgical pathology slides prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (“FFPE”) tissue. The NanoZoomer System is not intended for use with frozen section, cytology, or non-FFPE hematopathology specimens. The NanoZoomer System comprises the NanoZoomer S360MD Slide scanner, the NZViewMD Software and a compatible display that has been 510(k) cleared for use with the NanoZoomer system or a 510(k)-cleared display that has been assessed in accordance with the |
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| | It is the responsibility of a qualified pathologist to employ appropriate procedures and safeguards to assure the validity of the interpretation of images obtained using NanoZoomer System. | Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) for qualifying additional compatible displays. The NanoZoomer System is for creation and viewing of digital images of scanned glass slides that would otherwise be appropriate for manual visualization by conventional light microscopy. It is the responsibility of a qualified pathologist to employ appropriate procedures and safeguards to assure the validity of the interpretation of images obtained using NanoZoomer System. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intended Use | Intended for use in primary surgical pathology diagnosis in lieu of optical microscopy | Same |
| Viewer | NZViewMD | Same |
| Display | JVC Kenwood JD-C24BN01A BARCO MDPC-8127 Display, or FDA-cleared display validated per the PCCP to ensure performance requirements are met prior to modifications being implemented. | Same |
| Image File Formats | NDPi file format | Same |
| General Device Characteristic: Differences | | |
| Slide Feeder | 540 slides (18 cassettes; each holds up to 30 standard-sized slides) 360 slides (18 cassettes; each holds up to 20 standard-sized slides) | 360 slides (12 cassettes; each holds up to 30 standard-sized slides) |
| User Interface | Keyboard and mouse allow the user to see the status of scanning and provide input to the scanning operation. In addition, the touch screen allows users to operate and monitor key scanning functions without accessing the operating software, including: • Start/Stop Scanning and Remove Racks • Set Scan Priority for Racks • Display Scan Status | Keyboard and mouse allow the user to see the status of scanning and provide input to the scanning operation. |
| Light Source | LED CCT:6500K CITIZEN CLU038-1210C4-653M2M2-F1 | LED CCT:6500K CITIZEN CLU038-1210C4-653M2K1 This same LED is used in the modified S360MD System cleared in K253606. |
| Remote Service of Scanner | Remote maintenance may be performed using the customer's virtual private network (VPN) and Window's Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) or using Teamviewer, Microsoft Teams, or WebEx software installed on the NanoZoomer S540MD Control PC. | Remote maintenance may only be performed using the customer's virtual private network ("VPN") and Window's Remote Desktop Protocol ("RDP"). No additional software should be installed on the computer targeted for remote maintenance. |
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| | | Remote maintenance is performed in the modified S360MD System cleared in K253606 |
| --- | --- | --- |
# **VI Standards/Guidance Documents Referenced:**
- FDA Guidance: Technical Performance Assessment of Digital Pathology Whole Slide Imaging Devices. Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff. April 20, 2016
- FDA Guidance: Cybersecurity in Medical Devices: Quality System Considerations and Content of Premarket Submissions Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff. February 2026
- FDA Guidance: Content of Premarket Submissions for Device Software Functions. Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff Document. June 14, 2023
- IEC 61010-1:2010 + AMD1:2016 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements
- IEC 61010-2-101:2018 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – Part 2-101: Particular requirements for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical equipment
- IEC 61326-2-6:2020 – Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC requirements – Part 2-6: Particular requirements – In vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical equipment
- IEC 61326-1:2020 – Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC requirements – Part 1: General requirements
# **VII Performance Characteristics:**
# **A. Analytical Performance:**
1. Precision/Reproducibility: Not applicable
The precision study was previously conducted for the predicate device (K213883) per the Special Control in 21 CFR 864.3700(b)(1)(iv)(A) and 864.3700(b)(1)(iv) (B). A new precision study was not conducted for the current device because a pixel-wise comparison study demonstrated equivalent image quality between the S540MD and S360MD Slide scanner systems.
2. Linearity:
Not applicable
3. Analytical Specificity/Interference:
Not applicable
4. Assay Reportable Range:
Not applicable
5. Traceability, Stability, Expected Values (Controls, Calibrators, or Methods):
Not applicable
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6. Detection Limit:
Not applicable
7. Assay Cut Off:
Not applicable
8. Accuracy (Instrument):
Not applicable
9. Carry-Over:
Not applicable
# **B. Technical Performance Assessment:**
The following component-level technical performance assessment tests were provided:
1. **Light Source:** Specifications and performance characterization of the LED light source were provided, including bulb type, spectral power distribution, output adjustment control, intensity and spectral variation over a single slide, a single workday, and the expected device lifetime.
2. **Imaging Optics:** Specifications and performance characterization of the imaging optics were provided, including the optical schematic, magnification, relative irradiance uniformity, optical distortion, and chromatic aberrations (lateral and longitudinal).
3. **Mechanical Scanner Movement:** Specifications and performance characterization of the X-Y stage and Z stage were provided, including stage configuration, materials, method of movement, resolution, speed, travel distance, control method, and positional accuracy and repeatability.
4. **Digital Image Sensor:** Specifications and performance characterization of the digital image sensor were provided, including sensor type, pixel information, linearity, spatial uniformity, noise, dark current, electron conversion factor, and digital readout rate and output format.
5. **Image Processing Software:** Design of the embedded image processing software was provided, including pixel offset correction, white balance and shading correction, color correction, distortion correction, tile cutout and image blending, and exposure control.
6. **Image file format:** Specifications of the NDPi proprietary file format were provided, including header, tags, file organization, compression method, compression type, and compression ratio.
7. **Image Composition:** Specifications of the image composition process were provided, including the scanning pattern, tile merging algorithm, automatic background correction, scanning speed, Z-stack depth, and focus quality metric.
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8. **Image Review Manipulation Software:** Specifications of the NZViewMD viewer software were provided, including continuous panning and zooming, discrete Z-axis navigation (Z-stack), simultaneous display and synchronization of multiple images, annotation tools and digital bookmarks, image enhancement and color manipulation, and tracking of visited areas and annotations.
9. **Computer environment:** Specifications of the Control PC and Viewer PC were provided, including the operating system, CPU, memory, storage, graphics card, display interface, and network connectivity.
The following system-level technical performance assessment tests were performed with the S540MD System:
1. **Color Reproducibility:** Test data to quantify the accuracy and precision of the end-to-end color transformation from the slide to display monitors, Barco MDPC-8127 and JVC JD-C240BN01A, were provided. The mean CIEDE2000 values for each of the three enrolled S540MDs were below the pre-defined maximum acceptable value and all three passed the test.
2. **Spatial Resolution:** Test data based on ISO 12233:2014 to evaluate the spatial resolution, including the composite optical performance of all components during the image acquisition phase, was provided using a Hamamatsu model Z7034-01F01 chrome-on-glass slide. All three enrolled S540MDs passed the pre-defined acceptance criterion.
The similarities in the design were evaluated based on FDA's guidance Technical Performance Assessment of Digital Pathology Whole Slide Imaging Devices ("TPA Guidance") and 21 C.F.R. § 864.3700(b)(1)(iii). The following system-level technical performance assessments submitted for the S360MD System in K213883 are utilized for the S540MD System:
- Display (K213883 and K233027)
- Focusing Test
- Whole Slide Tissue Coverage
- Stitching Error Test
- Turnaround Time
### **NanoZoomer S540MD Slide Scanner System Pixel-Wise Comparison Study:**
A pixel-wise comparison (PWC) study was conducted to evaluate the difference in image quality between NanoZoomer S540MD and S360MD Slide scanner systems. Most of the components in the imaging pipelines of the predicate and subject devices are identical. Therefore, a PWC study was conducted in lieu of a clinical study to assess the image quality equivalency between the devices. The test data was to demonstrate that the difference between subject and predicate device instances, i.e., systems with the same model numbers but different serial numbers, is equal to or less than that among FDA-cleared predicate device instances. For each comparison, two scanned images of the same glass slide—generated by two different device instances—were compared at the pixel level using the standard CIEDE2000 color difference metric ($\Delta E$). Each
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comparison yielded a distribution of ΔE values, and the Wasserstein-1 metric was used to quantify the distance between two dE distributions, where a smaller distance indicates greater agreement between the distributions. The acceptance criterion, i.e., image quality equivalence between the subject scanner units and predicate scanner units, was met if the minimum Wasserstein-1 distance to a predicate unit was lower than the maximum Wasserstein-1 distance observed among predicate-unit (S360MD) comparisons.
The study was conducted with three S540MD units and three S360MD units using 13 clinical glass slides. Study results showed that all S540MD units met the predefined acceptance criterion.
### C. Clinical Studies
No clinical studies were required to demonstrate substantial equivalence of the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system since PWC studies demonstrated image quality equivalency between the devices.
### VIII Pre-determined Change Control Plan (PCCP)
Hamamatsu provided PCCP (version 01) is similar to PCCP cleared in K233027 and will be followed to validate compatibility of additional FDA-cleared displays with the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system, including specific performance requirements that must be met prior to updating the device labeling to reference the newly added displays. The PCCP also includes verification that any display-specific software will not impact performance of the NanoZoomer S540MD software. With inclusion of the PCCP, future changes to add additional FDA-cleared displays to the labeling can be made in accordance with the PCCP without a premarket submission. The Hamamatsu website will provide information on additional displays that are compatible with the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner systems and allow users to request updated versions of the system labeling.
### IX Proposed Labeling:
The labeling supports the finding of substantial equivalence for NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system.
### X Conclusion:
The submitted information on the NanoZoomer S540MD Slide scanner system and S360MD Slide scanner system in this premarket notification is complete and supports a substantial equivalence decision to the predicate device cleared in K233027.
K260964-Page 10 of 10
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.
