The IDS-iSYS Total Testosterone assay is an in vitro diagnostic device intended for the quantitative determination of testosterone in human serum or plasma on the IDS system. Measurement of testosterone are used in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving the male sex hormones (androgens), including primary and secondary hypogonadism, delayed or precocious puberty, impotence in males and, in females hirsutism (excessive hair) and virilization (masculinization) due to tumors, polycystic ovaries, and adrenogenital syndromes.
Device Story
In vitro diagnostic assay for quantitative testosterone measurement in human serum or plasma. Operates on IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated System. Uses competitive immunoassay principle; biotinylated sheep monoclonal anti-testosterone antibody binds sample testosterone; acridinium ester-labeled testosterone conjugate competes for binding sites. Chemiluminescence detection quantifies analyte concentration. Used in clinical laboratories by trained personnel. Output provides numerical testosterone levels (ng/dL) to assist clinicians in diagnosing/monitoring androgen-related endocrine disorders. Benefits include standardized, automated assessment of hormonal status.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Performance evaluated per CLSI guidelines. LoB 4 ng/dL, LoD 8 ng/dL, LoQ 14 ng/dL. Linearity 5-1578 ng/dL. Precision (repeatability/reproducibility) CVs generally <12%. Method comparison (N=125) against commercial CLIA showed Passing-Bablok slope 0.96, r=1.00. Matrix equivalence confirmed for serum, SST, K2/K3 EDTA, and Heparin plasma. Interference testing performed for endogenous substances and biotin; biotin interference observed at concentrations >350 ng/mL.
Indicated for quantitative testosterone measurement in human serum or plasma to diagnose/treat androgen disorders including primary/secondary hypogonadism, delayed/precocious puberty, male impotence, and female hirsutism/virilization (tumors, polycystic ovaries, adrenogenital syndromes).
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A testosterone test system is a device intended to measure testosterone (a male sex hormone) in serum, plasma, and urine. Measurement of testosterone are used in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving the male sex hormones (androgens), including primary and secondary hypogonadism, delayed or precocious puberty, impotence in males and, in females hirsutism (excessive hair) and virilization (masculinization) due to tumors, polycystic ovaries, and adrenogenital syndromes.
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FDA
U.S. FOOD & DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
# 510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY
ASSAY ONLY
## I Background Information:
A 510(k) Number
K252728
B Applicant
Immunodiagnostic Systems Limited
C Proprietary and Established Names
IDS-iSYS Total Testosterone
D Regulatory Information
| Product Code(s) | Classification | Regulation Section | Panel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CDZ | Class I, reserved | 21 CFR 862.1680 - Testosterone Test System | CH - Clinical Chemistry |
## II Submission/Device Overview:
A Purpose for Submission:
New device
B Measurand:
Testosterone
C Type of Test:
Quantitative Immunoassay
Food and Drug Administration
10903 New Hampshire Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
www.fda.gov
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K252728 - Page 2 of 12
# III Intended Use/Indications for Use:
## A Intended Use(s):
See Indications for Use below.
## B Indication(s) for Use:
The IDS-iSYS Total Testosterone assay is an in vitro diagnostic device intended for the quantitative determination of testosterone in human serum or plasma on the IDS system.
Measurement of testosterone are used in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving the male sex hormones (androgens), including primary and secondary hypogonadism, delayed or precocious puberty, impotence in males and, in females hirsutism (excessive hair) and virilization (masculinization) due to tumors, polycystic ovaries, and adrenogenital syndromes.
## C Special Conditions for Use Statement(s):
Rx - For Prescription Use Only
## D Special Instrument Requirements:
IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated Analyzer (K091849)
# IV Device/System Characteristics:
## A Device Description:
The IDS-iSYS Total Testosterone reagent cartridge contains the following reagents:
MP3: Magnetic particles coated with Streptavidin in a PBS Pluronic buffer with sodium azide as preservative (<0.1 %), 1 bottle, 2.5 mL
CONJ: Testosterone linked to mouse protein labelled with an acridinium ester derivative, in a phosphate buffer with ProClin® 300 as preservative (<0.0015%), 1 bottle, 3.5 mL
Ab-BIOT: Anti-Testosterone sheep monoclonal antibody labelled with biotin, in a phosphate buffer containing bovine and sheep protein with ProClin® 300 as preservative (<0.0015%), 1 bottle, 11.5 mL
BUF: MES buffer containing BSA (0.1%), 4-Cloro-m-cresolo (0.1 mg/mL), Tween 20 (0.055%) and ProClin® 300 (0.0025%), 1 bottle, 11.5 mL
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B Principle of Operation:
The IDS-iSYS Total Testosterone test system uses a competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay format. Patient samples or calibrators (30 µL) are first incubated with biotinylated anti-testosterone monoclonal antibody, an acridinium-labeled testosterone conjugate and streptavidin labeled magnetic particles. The magnetic particles are captured using a magnet and a wash step is performed to remove any unbound analyte. Trigger reagents are added and the chemiluminescent signal produced by the acridinium label is inversely proportional to the testosterone concentration in the sample.
V Substantial Equivalence Information:
A Predicate Device Name(s):
Elecsys Testosterone II
B Predicate 510(k) Number(s):
K211685
C Comparison with Predicate(s):
| Device & Predicate Device(s): | K252728 | K211685 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Device Trade Name | IDS-iSYS Total Testosterone | Elecsys Testosterone II |
| General Device Characteristic Similarities | | |
| Intended Use/Indications For Use | Quantitative determination of Testosterone | Same |
| Test Principle | Competitive immunoassay | Same |
| General Device Characteristic Differences | | |
| Detection Method | Chemiluminescence | Electrochemiluminescence |
| Measuring Range | 14 – 1500 ng/dL | 2.50 – 1500 ng/dL |
| Expected Range of Values (ng/dL) | Females, 21 - 49 years <14 – 51
Females, ≥ 50 years <14 – 48
Males, 21 - 49 years 213 – 818
Males, ≥ 50 years 180 - 711 | Females, 20 – 49 8.4 – 48.1
Females, ≥ 50 years 2.9 – 40.8
Males, 20 – 49 249 – 836
Males, ≥ 50 years 193 - 740 |
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VI Standards/Guidance Documents Referenced:
Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP05-A3: Evaluation of Precision Performance of Quantitative Measurement Methods; Approved Guideline – Third Edition
CLSI EP07-A3; Interference testing in Clinical Chemistry; Approved Guideline – 3rd Edition
CLSI-EP06; Evaluation of the Linearity of Quantitative Measurement Procedures, 2nd Edition
CLSI-EP09c; Measurement Procedure Comparison and Bias Estimation Using Patient Samples, 3rd Edition
CLSI-EP17-A2; Evaluation of Detection Capability for Clinical Laboratory Measurement Procedures; Approved Guideline, 2nd Edition
CLSI-E28-A3c; Defining Establishing and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline, 3rd Edition
CLSI-EP37; Supplemental Tables for Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry, 1st Edition
CLSI-EP25; Evaluation of Stability of In Vitro Medical Laboratory Test Reagents, 2nd Edition
VII Performance Characteristics (if/when applicable):
A Analytical Performance:
1. Precision/Reproducibility:
Precision and repeatability were evaluated according to CLSI guideline EP05-A3.
Repeatability
A precision study was conducted to estimate repeatability and within-laboratory precision. Eight human serum samples with testosterone concentrations spanning the analytical measuring interval were assayed in duplicate in two runs per day over 20 days using one reagent lot on one IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated Analyzer. A total of 80 replicates per sample were measured. Repeatability and within laboratory precision were calculated using a two-way nested ANOVA according to CLSI EP05-A3. The results are provided in the table below:
| Sample ID | N | Mean Conc. (ng/dL) | Repeatability | | Within Laboratory | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | SD | CV | SD | CV |
| S1 | 80 | 42.5 | 2.2 | 5.2% | 4.3 | 10.2% |
| S2 | 80 | 73.1 | 3.5 | 4.8% | 5.5 | 7.5% |
| S3 | 80 | 125 | 3.9 | 3.1% | 7.3 | 5.9% |
| S4 | 80 | 180 | 5.2 | 2.9% | 9.6 | 5.3% |
| S5 | 80 | 402 | 7.6 | 1.9% | 16.4 | 4.1% |
| S6 | 80 | 588 | 16.5 | 2.8% | 28.2 | 4.8% |
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| Sample ID | N | Mean Conc. (ng/dL) | Repeatability | | Within Laboratory | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | SD | CV | SD | CV |
| S7 | 80 | 1146 | 24.2 | 2.1% | 52.7 | 4.6% |
| S8 | 80 | 1228 | 27.1 | 2.2% | 45.9 | 3.7% |
## Reproducibility – Site to Site
A reproducibility study was conducted in which eight (8) human serum samples with testosterone concentrations spanning the analytical measuring interval were tested using one reagent lot on three instruments (IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated Analyzer) at 3 sites by 3 operators (one operator per instrument/site). Each sample was tested in replicates of 5 per run, 1 run per day for 5 days for a total of 75 replicates per sample. The results are provided in the table below:
| Sample ID | N | Mean Conc. (ng/dL) | Repeatability | | Between Site | | Reproducibility | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | SD | CV | SD | CV | SD | CV |
| S1 | 75 | 43.8 | 3.2 | 7.3% | 0.0 | 0.0% | 4.0 | 9.2% |
| S2 | 75 | 79.3 | 4.4 | 5.5% | 4.6 | 5.8% | 8.8 | 11.1% |
| S3 | 75 | 140.5 | 5.4 | 3.8% | 6.7 | 4.7% | 14.2 | 10.1% |
| S4 | 75 | 198.3 | 8.0 | 4.1% | 9.5 | 4.8% | 16.6 | 8.4% |
| S5 | 75 | 442.9 | 9.7 | 2.2% | 22.7 | 5.1% | 33.1 | 7.5% |
| S6 | 75 | 614.4 | 23.4 | 3.8% | 36.3 | 5.9% | 52.3 | 8.5% |
| S7 | 75 | 1167.6 | 53.6 | 4.6% | 28.8 | 2.5% | 77.5 | 6.6% |
| S8 | 75 | 1258.7 | 37.8 | 3.0% | 52.4 | 4.2% | 85.4 | 6.8% |
## Reproducibility – Lot to Lot
A reproducibility study was conducted in which eight (8) human serum samples with testosterone concentrations spanning the analytical measuring interval were tested by one operator using three reagent lots on one IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated Analyzer. Each sample was tested in replicates of 5 per run, 1 run per day for 5 days for a total of 75 replicates per sample. The results are provided in the table below:
| Sample ID | N | Mean Conc. (ng/dL) | Repeatability | | Between Lot | | Reproducibility | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | SD | CV | SD | CV | SD | CV |
| S1 | 75 | 43.4 | 2.8 | 6.4% | 2.3 | 5.4% | 4.3 | 10.0% |
| S2 | 75 | 73.6 | 4.0 | 5.4% | 3.9 | 5.3% | 7.5 | 10.2% |
| S3 | 75 | 136.8 | 6.4 | 4.7% | 6.3 | 4.6% | 12.8 | 9.3% |
| S4 | 75 | 191.4 | 5.5 | 2.9% | 7.5 | 3.9% | 12.4 | 6.5% |
| S5 | 75 | 438.2 | 13.2 | 3.0% | 23.4 | 5.3% | 31.1 | 7.1% |
| S6 | 75 | 576.8 | 14.3 | 2.5% | 12.7 | 2.2% | 27.1 | 4.7% |
| S7 | 75 | 1137.8 | 40.0 | 3.5% | 29.5 | 2.6% | 57.1 | 5.0% |
| S8 | 75 | 1206.5 | 44.0 | 3.7% | 31.4 | 2.6% | 67.1 | 5.6% |
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K252728 - Page 6 of 12
2. Linearity:
A study was performed based on the CLSI guideline EP06-Ed2. Two dilution series spanning a concentration range from 8-1,500 ng/dL were prepared by mixing high and low serum samples pools. Samples were assayed in replicates of seven or nine. Linearity was evaluated using linear regression analysis. The deviation from linearity did not exceed -6.5% for samples with total testosterone concentrations within the claimed measuring range.
The combined linear regression for two dilution series was as follows:
Y = 0.97x - 1.44
3. Analytical Specificity/Interference:
Interference and cross-reactivity studies were conducted following the CLSI EP7-Ed3 guideline.
Endogenous Interference
Serum samples with testosterone concentrations of 30, 75, 300 and 1200 ng/dL were spiked with potentially interfering substances. The samples were assayed, and the total testosterone concentrations of the spiked samples were compared to control samples without interferent. No significant interference (≤±10% bias) was observed when the interfering substances were tested at the following concentrations:
| Interferent | Highest Concentration tested without interference |
| --- | --- |
| Hemoglobin | 1000 mg/dL |
| Triglycerides | 1500 mg/dL |
| Bilirubin, conjugated | 40 mg/dL |
| Bilirubin, unconjugated | 40 mg/dL |
The sponsor includes the following limitation in the labeling:
- Heterophilic antibodies in human serum can react with reagent immunoglobulins, interfering with in vitro immunoassays⁴. Patients routinely exposed to animals or to animal serum products can be prone to this interference and anomalous values may be observed.
4. Boscato, LM. and Stuart, MC., 'Heterophilic antibodies: a problem for all immunoassays'. Clin Chem, 34, 1988, pp 27–33
Biotin
To evaluate the candidate device’s susceptibility to biotin interference, biotin was spiked into serum samples containing different concentrations of testosterone (approximately 40, 70, 300, and 1100 ng/dL). Samples were assayed in multiple replicates. The sponsor defined no significant interference as ≤10% bias. The results are summarized below.
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| % Bias for Samples Containing Various Concentration of Biotin | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Testosterone Concentration (ng/dL) | Biotin Concentration (ng/mL) | | | | | | |
| | 250 | 350 | 450 | 500 | 750 | 1000 | 3500 |
| 40 | -4% | 5% | 86% | >100% | >100% | >100% | >100% |
| 70 | -1% | 4% | 52% | NT | NT | NT | >100% |
| 300 | 2% | 10% | 50% | NT | NT | NT | NT |
| 1100 | -3% | -1% | 14% | >100% | >100% | >100% | >100% |
NT = Not Tested
The sponsor includes the following limitation in the labeling:
- Specimens that contain biotin at a concentration of 350 ng/mL demonstrate a less than or equal to ±10% change in results. Biotin concentrations greater than this may lead to falsely elevated results for patient samples. The recommended adult daily dietary intake for biotin is 30 µg/day. Over the counter dietary supplements promoted for use in hair, skin and nail health may contain 5-10 mg of biotin. Pharmacokinetic studies in healthy adults have shown that ingesting 5 mg of biotin can result in serum levels as high as 73 ng/mL. In rare cases, subjects are prescribed up to 300 mg of biotin per day for therapeutic applications, resulting in serum biotin levels as high as 1,160 ng/mL.
## Exogenous Interferences
The effect on quantitation of analyte in the presence of drugs was determined by comparing values obtained from samples spiked with 17 common pharmaceutical compounds with the reference sample (unspiked). All samples used were native human serum pools. Samples (with testosterone concentrations near 60 ng/dL and 500 ng/dL) were divided into aliquots and spiked with the common drug interferents. The reference sample without drug was spiked with the respective amount of solvent. The definition of significant interference was set to ≤10% bias compared to the reference sample.
| Drug | Highest Drug Concentration tested without Interference |
| --- | --- |
| Acetaminophen | 15.6 mg/dL |
| Acetylcysteine | 15.0 mg/dL |
| Acetylsalicylic Acid | 3.0 mg/dL |
| Ampicillin | 7.5 mg/dL |
| Ascorbic acid | 5.25 mg/dL |
| Cefoxitin | 75.0 mg/dL |
| Cyclosporine | 0.18 mg/dL |
| Doxycycline | 1.8 mg/dL |
| Heparin | 330.0 IU/dL |
| Ibuprofen | 21.9 mg/dL |
| Itraconazole | 3.0 mg/dL |
| Levodopa | 0.75 mg/dL |
| Methyldopa | 2.25 mg/dL |
| Metronidazole | 12.3 mg/dL |
| Phenylbutazone | 10.7 mg/dL |
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Significant interference was observed for Testosterone undecanoate and Nandrolone at the concentrations tested above. The sponsor includes the following limitation in the labeling:
- A significant interference with Nandrolone and Testosterone undecanoate was identified. The IDS Total Testosterone assay does not distinguish between endogenous testosterone and testosterone derived from supplementation therapy. Do not test samples from individuals undergoing treatment with Nandrolone or Testosterone undecanoate using the IDS Total Testosterone method.”
## Cross Reactivity
A cross-reactivity study was performed to evaluate the following substances. Aliquots from pools of human serum with testosterone concentrations of 60 ng/dL and 500 ng/dL were spiked with potentially cross-reactive substances and measured in the presence or absence of the potential cross-reactants and cross reactivity was calculated using the following equation:
$$
\% \text{ Cross Reactivity} = 100 \times (\text{Average "spike" concentration} - \text{Average "blank concentration}) / \text{Spike concentration of cross reactant}
$$
| Cross Reactant | Cross Reactant Concentration | % Cross Reactivity |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *11-Ketotestosterone | 200 ng/mL | 4.9% |
| 11-Ketotestosterone | 100 ng/mL | 6.1% |
| *11-β-Hydroxy testosterone | 50 ng/mL | 24.3% |
| 11-β-Hydroxy testosterone | 25 ng/mL | 27.4% |
| 19-Norethisterone | 40 ng/mL | 0.80% |
| 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol | 1000 ng/mL | 0.10% |
| 5-α-Androstene-3β,17β-diol | 1000 ng/mL | 0.10% |
| Androstenedione | 100 ng/mL | 2.30% |
| Cortisol | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Cortisone | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Danazol | 1000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Dexamethasone | 2000 ng/mL | n.d |
| DHEA | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| DHEA-S | 50000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Dihydrotestosterone | 500 ng/mL | 0.40% |
| Estradiol | 5000 ng/mL | 0.10% |
| Estrone | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Ethisterone | 1000 ng/mL | 0.20% |
| Norgestrel | 1000 ng/mL | 0.10% |
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| Cross Reactant | Cross Reactant Concentration | % Cross Reactivity |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prednisolone | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Prednisone | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Progesterone | 5000 ng/mL | n.d |
| Testosterone propionate | 100 ng/mL | n.d |
*Serum with testosterone level ~20 ng/dL
Interference was observed for 11-Ketotestosterone and 11-β-Hydroxy testosterone at the concentrations tested above. The sponsor includes the following limitation in the labeling:
- A strong interaction with 11-Ketotestosterone and 11β-Hydroxy testosterone was found using the IDS Total Testosterone method. n.d. = not detectable; cross-reactivity is < 0.1%.
4. Detection Limit and Assay Reportable Range:
**Limit of Blank (LoB)**
For determination of LoB four analyte free samples were measured in 5 replicates, once per day for 3 days, with 2 different reagent lots resulting in 15 replicates per sample for a total of 60 replicates per reagent lot on one IDS-iSYS analyzer. LoB was calculated according to the parametric function as described in CLSI EP17-A2.
The LoB claim in the labeling is 4 ng/dL.
**Limit of Detection (LoD)**
For determination of LoD, seven serum samples with low-analyte concentrations were measured in replicates of 5, with one reagent lot over 5 days, resulting in 25 replicates per sample for a total of 175 replicates per reagent lot on one IDS-iSYS Analyzer. LoD was calculated according to CLSI EP17-A2.
The LoD claim in the labeling is 8 ng/dL.
**Limit of Quantitation (LoQ)**
For the determination of LoQ, seven serum samples with low-analyte concentrations were measured in replicates of 5, with one reagent lot over 5 days, resulting in 25 replicates per sample for a total of 175 replicates per reagent lot on one IDS-iSYS Analyzer. The LoQ was defined as the concentration of analyte which has imprecision less than 20% CV.
The LoQ claim in the labeling is 14.0 ng/dL.
5. Traceability, Stability, Expected Values (Controls, Calibrators, or Methods):
The device is traceable to the certified reference testosterone material from the National Measurement Institute of Australia (NMIA), product code M914c, which is a certified reference material reviewed for compliance with ISO 15194.
K252728 - Page 9 of 12
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# Sample stability
The sponsor provided information to support the following sample stability labeling claims using serum and $\mathrm{K}_2\mathrm{EDTA}$ plasma samples:
| Storage Condition | Duration |
| --- | --- |
| Room temperature (20±3°C) | 72 hours (3 days) |
| 5±3°C (2 - 8°C) | 22 days |
| -20°C or below | 35 days (5 weeks) |
| Freeze/Thaw cycle | 3 |
| On-board the system* | 6 hours |
*Continuous on-board stability
# 6. Assay Cut-Off:
Not applicable
# B. Comparison Studies:
# 1. Method Comparison with Predicate Device:
A method comparison study was performed comparing the IDS-iSYS Testosterone assay to the predicate device, using a protocol based on CLSI EP09c-A3. A total of 125 native human serum samples with testosterone concentrations ranging from 14 to $1490\mathrm{ng / dL}$ (as measured by the predicate device) were evaluated with the candidate and predicate devices in singlicate. The Passing-Bablok regression analysis results between the candidate device (dependent variable, y) and the comparator device (x, comparator), are shown below:
| N | Concentration Range (ng/dL)* | Slope | Slope 95% CI | Intercept | Intercept 95% CI | Correlation Coefficient (r) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 125 | 14-1449 | 0.96 | 0.93 – 0.98 | 1.06 | -2.01 – 4.29 | 1.00 |
*As measured by the candidate device
# 2. Matrix Comparison:
A matrix comparison study was conducted to assess the equivalence between serum (serum without additives, serum gel separator tubes (SST)) and plasma $\mathrm{(K_2EDTA}$ , $\mathrm{K}_3$ EDTA, Sodium Heparin and Lithium Heparin) sample matrices when using the IDS Total Testosterone assay. A total of 50 matched serum, serum gel separator tubes (SST) and plasma $\mathrm{(K_2EDTA}$ , Lithium Heparin, and Sodium Heparin) and 39 matched serum and plasma $\mathrm{(K_3EDTA}$ samples with concentrations ranging from 14 to $1500\mathrm{ng / dL}$ were used. The samples were tested in singlicate by one operator on one instrument using one reagent lot. Data was assessed by Passing-Bablok regression analysis. The results are summarized below.
K252728 - Page 10 of 12
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| Tube type | N | Slope | Intercept | Correlation coefficient r |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SST | 50 | 0.99 | 0.42 | 1.00 |
| K2 EDTA plasma | 50 | 0.99 | -1.25 | 1.00 |
| K3 EDTA plasma | 39 | 0.99 | -0.49 | 1.00 |
| Li Heparin plasma | 50 | 0.98 | 2.36 | 1.00 |
| Na Heparin plasma | 50 | 0.99 | 1.94 | 1.00 |
The results demonstrate equivalency between serum, serum gel separator tubes (SST) and plasma (K2 EDTA, K3 EDTA, Lithium Heparin, and Sodium Heparin) sample matrices.
# B Clinical Studies:
1. Clinical Sensitivity:
Not Applicable
2. Clinical Specificity:
Not Applicable
3. Clinical Cut-Off:
Not Applicable
4. Other Clinical Supportive Data (When 1. and 2. Are Not Applicable):
Not Applicable
# C Expected Values/Reference Range:
A reference interval study was performed for the total Testosterone assay in accordance with the CLSI EP28-A3c guideline. A total of 776 adult serum samples were collected in the USA from apparently healthy individuals. The sample groups tested consisted of:
497 males between 21 and 78 years of age
279 females between 21 and 78 years of age
The samples were categorized into two age groups: 21 to 49, and $\geq 50$ years. The data were analyzed applying a nonparametric method with $90\%$ confidence interval using the 5th and 95th percentiles of measured data. The resulting reference interval is summarized in the following table:
K252728 - Page 11 of 12
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| Males | 21 to 49 years | ≥ 50 years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| N of subjects | 266 | 231 |
| Median (ng/dL) | 459 | 402 |
| Observed Range (ng/dL) (5th to 95th percentile) | 213-818 | 180-711 |
| Females | 21 to 49 years | ≥ 50 years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| N of subjects | 119 | 108 |
| Median (ng/dL) | 23 | 22 |
| Observed Range (ng/dL) (5th to 95th percentile) | <14-51 | <14-48 |
VIII Proposed Labeling:
The labeling supports the finding of substantial equivalence for this device.
IX Conclusion:
The submitted information in this premarket notification is complete and supports a substantial equivalence decision.
K252728 - Page 12 of 12
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
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Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.