SteadiSet infusion set
Device Facts
| Record ID | K251854 |
|---|---|
| Device Name | SteadiSet infusion set |
| Applicant | Tandem Diabetes Care |
| Product Code | FPA · General Hospital |
| Decision Date | Aug 6, 2025 |
| Decision | SESE |
| Submission Type | Abbreviated |
| Regulation | 21 CFR 880.5440 |
| Device Class | Class 2 |
| Attributes | Therapeutic, Real-World Evidence |
Real-World Evidence
| Submission | Device | Sponsor | RWD Sources | RWE Use Summary | Key Tags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K251854 · Aug 6, 2025 | SteadiSet infusion set | Tandem Diabetes Care | Home-use clinical study data; Patient-generated health data (CGM metrics); Device-generated insulin pump data | The study evaluated the performance and safety of the SteadiSet infusion set during 12 weeks of home use, specifically assessing device survival, hyperglycemia events, and glycemic control metrics (CGM) to support extending the wear period to 7 days. | Home-use study; Type 1 Diabetes; Extended wear; Infusion set performance |
Clinical Evidence
| Study Design | Population | Comparator | Key Endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open, Single-Arm, Prospective, Multicenter Study of an Investigational Extended Wear Insulin Infusion Set During Home Use in People with Type 1 Diabetes; Prospective, Multi Center, Single Arm; Follow-up/Duration: ~12 weeks; 12 wear periods of up to 7 days each | 272 adults with Type 1 Diabetes; Sample Size: 260 subjects initiated study; Number of Sites: 15 sites in the US | Not applicable for this study | Percentage of successfully inserted infusion sets not withdrawn prior to 7 days due to hyperglycemia/ketosis; secondary endpoints included site infection, cannula dislodgement, and pump occlusion. |
Indications for Use
The SteadiSet infusion set is indicated for the subcutaneous infusion of insulin administered by an external pump. The infusion set is indicated for single use. Rx – For Prescription Use Only SteadiSet infusion set is neither intended nor indicated for use with blood, blood products, or intravenous infusion (IV). Replace the infusion set and tubing every 2-7 days per your healthcare professional's instructions. The infusion set should be removed if unexplained hyperglycemia is not correcting with insulin boluses, which may occur prior to the maximum wear time of 7 days. The infusion set should be removed if there is a significant increase in total daily insulin prior to the maximum wear time of 7 days. SteadiSet Infusion Set is a single-use device and should be disposed of immediately after use. Do not clean, re-sterilize, or re-use the set. This may cause damage to the set and may lead to infection, site irritation, or inaccurate delivery. SteadiSet is not indicated for use in an MRI environment or during radiation therapy. Remove the infusion set prior to MRI or radiation therapy. The SteadiSet infusion set with t:lock tubing connector should only be used with Tandem cartridges featuring the t:lock connector.
Device Story
SteadiSet is a sterile, single-use, intravascular administration set for subcutaneous insulin delivery from an external pump reservoir to a patient. Components include an inserter (housing, buttons, hub with soft polymer cannula over stainless-steel coil, adhesive patch), tube set, and disconnect cover. Inserter facilitates subcutaneous cannula placement. Tube set connects hub to pump cartridge via t:lock connector. Used in home settings by patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Healthcare providers prescribe the device; patients perform self-insertion and set changes. Output is continuous insulin delivery. Device wear period is 2-7 days. Benefits include extended wear duration compared to previous 2-3 day limit, reducing frequency of site changes and associated skin trauma/inconvenience. Clinical decision-making relies on patient monitoring for hyperglycemia or increased insulin requirements, necessitating early removal if failure occurs.
Clinical Evidence
Prospective, multicenter, single-arm study (N=260 adults with T1D). Primary objective: evaluate device function via absence of failure due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia/ketosis. Primary endpoint: percentage of successfully inserted sets not withdrawn prior to 7 days due to hyperglycemia/ketosis or investigator advice. Results: 78.4% overall survival rate at 7 days. 11.7% cumulative failure rate due to hyperglycemia/ketosis by day 7. HbA1c change from baseline to 12 weeks was +0.1% (not clinically significant). Safety data showed 46 adverse device effects (mostly site reactions) in 37 participants. Study supports 7-day wear duration.
Technological Characteristics
Sterile, non-pyrogenic intravascular administration set. Cannula: soft medical-grade polymer over stainless-steel coil. Sterilization: Ethylene Oxide (ETO). Connectivity: t:lock connector for Tandem cartridges. Single-patient, single-use. Complies with ISO 10555-1 (catheters), ISO 10993 (biocompatibility), ISO 11135 (ETO sterilization), and ISO 80369-6 (connectors).
Indications for Use
Indicated for subcutaneous insulin infusion via external pump in patients with Type 1 Diabetes requiring insulin therapy. Single-use only. Contraindicated for use with blood/blood products, IV infusion, MRI environments, or radiation therapy.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An intravascular administration set is a device used to administer fluids from a container to a patient's vascular system through a needle or catheter inserted into a vein. The device may include the needle or catheter, tubing, a flow regulator, a drip chamber, an infusion line filter, an I.V. set stopcock, fluid delivery tubing, connectors between parts of the set, a side tube with a cap to serve as an injection site, and a hollow spike to penetrate and connect the tubing to an I.V. bag or other infusion fluid container.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). The special control for pharmacy compounding systems within this classification is the FDA guidance document entitled “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Pharmacy Compounding Systems; Final Guidance for Industry and FDA Reviewers.” Pharmacy compounding systems classified within the intravascular administration set are exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of this part and subject to the limitations in § 880.9.
Predicate Devices
- SteadiSet infusion set (K242692)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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FDA
U.S. FOOD & DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
# 510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY
## I Background Information:
A 510(k) Number
K251854
B Applicant
Tandem Diabetes Care
C Proprietary and Established Names
SteadiSet infusion set
D Regulatory Information
| Product Code(s) | Classification | Regulation Section | Panel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FPA | II | 21 CFR 880.5440 – Intravascular Administration Set | General Hospital |
E Purpose for Submission:
Modification to a cleared device to extend the wear period to 2-7 days.
## II Intended Use/Indications for Use:
A Intended Use(s):
See Indications for Use below.
B Indication(s) for Use:
The SteadiSet infusion set is indicated for the subcutaneous infusion of insulin administered by an external pump. The infusion set is indicated for single use.
C Special Conditions for Use Statement(s):
Rx – For Prescription Use Only
SteadiSet infusion set is neither intended nor indicated for use with blood, blood products, or intravenous infusion (IV).
Food and Drug Administration
10903 New Hampshire Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
www.fda.gov
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Replace the infusion set and tubing every 2-7 days per your healthcare professional's instructions.
The infusion set should be removed if unexplained hyperglycemia is not correcting with insulin boluses, which may occur prior to the maximum wear time of 7 days.
The infusion set should be removed if there is a significant increase in total daily insulin prior to the maximum wear time of 7 days.
SteadiSet Infusion Set is a single-use device and should be disposed of immediately after use. Do not clean, re-sterilize, or re-use the set. This may cause damage to the set and may lead to infection, site irritation, or inaccurate delivery.
SteadiSet is not indicated for use in an MRI environment or during radiation therapy. Remove the infusion set prior to MRI or radiation therapy.
The SteadiSet infusion set with t:lock tubing connector should only be used with Tandem cartridges featuring the t:lock connector.
## III Device Description
The device is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, intravascular administration set device used to administer insulin from a reservoir cartridge to a patient subcutaneously through a cannula. The infusion set administers insulin by means of a compatible external pump. The infusion set consists of an inserter, tube set, and disconnect cover. The inserter consists of a housing, insertion buttons, an infusion set hub (with cannula) and adhesive patch with protective liner. The inserter facilitates insertion of the cannula subcutaneously. The cannula is a soft medical-grade polymer extruded over a stainless-steel coil.
The tube set provides the insulin pathway between the hub's indwelling cannula and an external insulin pump cartridge. The tube set consists of infusion set tubing with a reservoir connector (proximal end) and hub connector (distal end). The disconnect cover can be connected to the hub to provide cover when the infusion set tubing is disconnected from the hub.
The device is sterilized by Ethylene Oxide (ETO) and is a single-patient, single-use device to be used for up to 7 days.
## IV Substantial Equivalence Information:
A Predicate Device Name(s):
SteadiSet infusion set
B Predicate 510(k) Number(s):
K242692
C Comparison with Predicate(s):
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| Device & Predicate Device(s): | K251854 | K242692 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Device Trade Name | SteadiSet infusion set | SteadiSet infusion set |
| General Device Characteristic Similarities | | |
| Intended Use/Indications For Use | The SteadiSet infusion set is indicated for the subcutaneous infusion of insulin administered by an external pump. The infusion set is indicated for single use. | Same |
| Prescription Use | Rx required | Same |
| Use Type | Single use | Same |
| Compatible Devices | Tandem cartridges featuring the t:lock™ connector | Same |
| General Device Characteristic Differences | | |
| Wear Period | 2-7 days | 2-3 days |
V Standards/Guidance Documents Referenced:
ISO 80369-6, First Edition 2016-03-15, Small bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications – Part 6: Connectors for neuraxial applications
ISO 8536-4, Sixth edition 2019-09, Infusion equipment for medical use – Part 4: Infusion sets for single use, gravity feed.
ANSI/AAMI/ISO 14971:2019, Medical Device – Application of Risk Management to Medical Devices
ISO 10555-1, Second edition 2013-06-15, Intravascular catheters – Sterile and single-use intravascular catheters – Part 1: General requirements
ISO 10555-1, Third edition 2023-11, Intravascular catheters – Sterile and single-use intravascular catheters – Part 1: General requirements
ANSI/AAMI HE75:2009/(R)2018, Human factor engineering – Design of medical devices
IEC 62366-1, Edition 1.1 202-06, Medical devices – Part 1: Application of usability engineering to medical devices
K251854 - Page 3 of 16
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ISO 23908, First edition 2011-06-11, Sharps injury protection – Requirements and test methods – Sharps protection features for single-use hypodermic needles, introducers for catheters and needles used for blood sampling
ISO 10993-7, Second edition 2008-10-15, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 7: Ethylene oxide sterilization residuals
ISO 11135:2014/A 1:2018, Sterilization of health-care products – Ethylene oxide – Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices – Amendment 1: Revision of Annex E. Single batch release
ISO 11737-2:2019, Sterilization of medical devices – Microbiological methods – Part 2: Tests of sterility performed in the definition, validation and maintenance of a sterilization process
ISO 11138-1:2017, Sterilization of health care products – biological indicators – Part 1: General requirements
ANSI/AAMI ST72:2019, Bacterial endotoxins – Test methods, routine monitoring, and alternatives to batch testing
ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11607-1:2019, Packaging for terminally sterilized medical devices – Part 1: Requirements for materials, sterile barrier systems and packaging system
ISO 11608-1:2022, Needle-based injection systems for medical use – Requirements and test methods – Part 1: Needle-based injection systems
ASTM F2096-11, Standard Test Method for Detecting Gross Leaks in Packaging by Internal Pressurization (Bubble Test)
ASTM F1886/F1886M-16, Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seals for Flexible Packaging by Visual Inspection
ASTM F88/F88M-23, Standard Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier Materials
ASTM F1980-21, Standard Guide for Accelerated Aging of Sterile Barrier Systems for Medical Devices
ASTM D4169-22, Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
ASTM D4332-22, Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
ISO 10993-1 Fifth edition 2018-08, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process.
ISO 10993-2 Third edition 2022-11, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 2: Animal welfare
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ISO 10993-3 Third edition 2014-10-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 3: Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity
ISO 10993-5 Third edition 2009-06-01, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity
ISO 10993-6 Third edition 2016-12-01, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 6: Tests for local effects after implantation
ISO 10993-10 Fourth edition 2021-11, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 10: Tests for skin sensitization
ISO 10993-11 Third edition 2017-09, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 11: Tests for systemic toxicity
ISO 10993-12 Fourth Edition 2012-07-01, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 12: Sample preparation and reference materials
ISO 10993-12 Fifth edition 2021-01, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 12: Sample preparation and reference materials
ISO 10993-17 Second Edition 2023-09, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 17: Toxicological risk assessment of medical device constituents
ISO 10993-18 Second edition 2020-01 Amendment 1 2022-05
Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 18: Chemical characterization of medical device materials within a risk management process [Including Amendment 1 (2022)]
ISO/TS 10993-19 Second edition 2020-03, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 19: Physico-chemical, morphological, and topographical characterization of materials
ISO 10993-23 First edition 2021-01, Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 23: Tests for irritation
ISO/TR 10993-33 First, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 33: Guidance on Partial
ISO TS 21726 First edition 2019-02, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for assessing biocompatibility of medical device constituents
ASTM F2503-23, Standard Practice for Marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Environment
ISO 15223-1 Fourth edition 2021-07, Medical devices – Symbols to be used with information to be supplied by the manufacturer – Part 1: General requirements
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ISO 20417 First edition 2021-04 Corrected version 2021-12 Medical devices – information to be supplied by the manufacturer
## VI Performance Characteristics:
A. Analytical Performance
N/A
B. Other Supportive Instrument Performance Characteristics Data
**Non-clinical testing**
The following testing was performed for clearance of the predicate device, K242692. This testing is being leveraged in this submission, and was determined to be adequate to demonstrate a wear period of 7 days:
1. Functional tests
- Mechanical Integrity:
- Cannula Pull
- Hub Connector and Tubing Pull
- Tubing Elongation
- T:lock and Tubing Pull Force
- Performance Tests:
- Mass Flow Rate
- Pressure Leak.
- Tubing and Cannula Priming
- Insertion Force and Depth
2. Usability/Human Factors
- Simulated-Use Human Factors Validation
3. Biocompatibility
- Cytotoxicity
- Sensitization
- Irritation
- Acute Systemic Toxicity
- Material Mediated Pyrogenicity
- Subacute Toxicity
- Genotoxicity
- Implantation
- Sub-chronic Toxicity
4. Sterilization and Shipping
- Sterility Assurance Level 10-6
- Shipping, Shelf-Life, and Aging Transportation Tests
5. Compatibility Tests
- Drug and Device Compatibility
6. Shelf-Life and Aging Testing
7. Packaging
- Free-fall drop, package sterile barrier testing, and climatic stressing and shipping testing
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# Clinical Testing
The sponsor conducted a clinical study to evaluate the performance of the SteadiSet insulin infusion set. For this study, the infusion set with the longest length (43 inches) was used. Subjects were instructed to change their insulin cartridge every 48-72 hours, as recommended by their healthcare provider and were instructed to change their insulin cartridge and infusion set independent of each other, following the instructions for use.
| Study Feature | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Title | Open, Single-Arm, Prospective, Multicenter Study of an Investigational Extended Wear Insulin Infusion Set During Home Use in People with Type 1 Diabetes |
| Study Design | Prospective, Multi Center, Single Arm |
| Number of Sites | 15 sites in the US |
| Population | 272 adults with Type 1 Diabetes enrolled
260 subjects initiated study
• 128 subjects used Humalog
• 132 subjects used NovoLog
250 subjects successfully inserted
• 124 subjects used Humalog
• 126 subjects used NovoLog
Key Inclusion Criteria
• Aged 18-80 years old
• Diagnosed with T1D for at least 12 months
• Minimum of 6 months of insulin pump experience and 3 months of current experience with a Tandem pump
• Using Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ technology for a minimum of 1 month at time of enrollment
• HbA1c < 9.0% in the last 6 months
Key Exclusion Criteria
• Severe hypoglycemia leading to medical assistance, seizures, or loss of consciousness in the past 6 months |
| Study Duration | ~12 weeks; 12 wear periods of up to 7 days each. |
| Primary Objective | The evaluation of SteadiSet device function as evidenced by the absence of device failure due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia with or without ketosis. |
| Primary Efficacy Endpoint | Percentage of successfully inserted SteadiSet Infusion Sets (i.e., not removed within 8 hours of insertion) that are not withdrawn from use prior to 7 days (168 hours) due to either (1), (2), or (3):
1. Blood Glucose value ≥250 mg/dL with ketones >1.0 mmol/L, in the absence of illness or other physiological stress.
2. Blood Glucose value ≥250 mg/dL for at least 60 minutes duration, 3 hours or more following a snack or meal event AND failure to |
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| | respond to up to 2 adequate corrective boluses delivered by the pump with a fall of at least 50 mg/dL.
3. Investigator advises the infusion set should be replaced to assure participant’s safety
A Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated primary and key secondary clinical endpoint events based on review of all available information that was relevant to determine whether protocol-defined endpoint events occurred during the study. |
| --- | --- |
| Secondary Endpoints | Proportion (%) of SteadiSet Infusion Sets withdrawn from use at any time following insertion prior to 7 days (168 hours) as evidenced by one or more of the following device failure modes. NOTE: infusion set removals prior to 168 hours due to miscalculation of date and/or time, along with other removals that cannot be ascribed to the investigational device performance, are excluded from this proportion calculation.
1. Infusion set failure as defined in the Primary Endpoint (including any such removals occurring during the first 8 hours following set insertion)
2. Evidence of infusion set site infection defined as requiring treatment or at the investigator’s judgment
3. Cannula dislodgement from subcutaneous (SC) space (with or without liquid leakage at the cannula insertion site)
a. Leakage at the cannula insertion site may or may not be deemed by the investigator to constitute infusion set failure following consultation with the study participant
b. Accidental removal events (e.g., tubing caught on doorknob) are excluded from this proportion calculation
4. Occurrence of a non-resolvable pump occlusion alarm
5. Other device malfunction (e.g., inability to pierce skin, bending, or other malformation that might impact insulin infusion, securement failure)
6. Presence of pain of sufficient severity to prompt early removal of infusion set
7. Any other event that can be ascribed to the investigational device performance that results in failure of insulin delivery |
| Exploratory Endpoint | HbA1c change from baseline to the end of the study participation. |
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Baseline Demographics
| | Overall | Humalog | NovoLog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Subjects | 260 | 128 | 132 |
| Age (years) | | | |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 43.9 ± 17.3 | 40.9 ± 16.0 | 46.8 ± 18.0 |
| Range | 18 to 78 | 18 to 77 | 18 to 78 |
| Diabetes Duration at Enrollment (years) | | | |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 26.5 ± 14.3 | 24.5 ± 13.8 | 28.5 ± 14.5 |
| Range | 1 to 58 | 1 to 58 | 2 to 57 |
| Gender | | | |
| Female [n (%)] | 150 (58) | 83 (65) | 67 (51) |
| Race - [n (%)] | | | |
| White | 240 (92) | 115 (90) | 125 (95) |
| Black/African America | 4 (2) | 3 (2) | 1 (< 1) |
| Asian | 9 (3) | 7 (5) | 2 (2) |
| More than 1 Race | 6 (2) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) |
| Unknown/Not Reported | 1 (< 1) | 0 (0) | 1 (< 1) |
| Hispanic Ethnicity - [n (%)] | 11 (4) | 4 (3) | 7 (5) |
| Highest Level of Education - [n (%)] | | | |
| < Bachelor's Degree | 68 (26) | 29 (23) | 39 (30) |
| Bachelor's Degree | 125 (48) | 72 (56) | 53 (40) |
| Advanced Degree | 65 (25) | 27 (21) | 38 (29) |
| Unknown/Does not wish to provide | 2 (< 1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) |
| Annual Household Income - [n (%)] | | | |
| <$50K | 21 (8) | 9 (7) | 12 (9) |
| $50K to <$100K | 47 (18) | 25 (20) | 22 (17) |
| ≥$100K | 136 (52) | 71 (55) | 65 (49) |
| Unknown/Does not wish to provide | 56 (22) | 23(18) | 33 (25) |
| Weight | | | |
| Mean (kg) (standard deviation) | 77.8 ± 14.3 | 76.8 ± 13.9 | 78.8 ± 14.7 |
| Range | 43.9 to 122.8 | 43.9 to 113.4 | 53.5 to 122.8 |
| BMI | | | |
| Mean (kg/m2) (standard deviation) | 26.6 ± 3.6 | 26.6 ± 3.5 | 26.6 ± 3.7 |
| Range | 18.9 to 34.7 | 20.2 to 34.3 | 18.9 to 34.7 |
| Baseline HbA1c (%) | | | |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.7 |
| Range | 4.9 to 8.7 | 4.9 to 8.6 | 5.1 to 8.7 |
| CGM Metrics (%) - mean ± std dev | | | |
| % time in range 70-180 mg/dL | 73.0 ± 12.1 | 72.1 ± 12.5 | 73.8 ± 11.7 |
| % time > 180 mg/dL | 25.2 ± 12.7 | 26.2 ± 13.1 | 24.1 ± 12.2 |
| % time < 70 mg/dL | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 2.0 |
| Estimated HbA1c | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 6.9 ± 0.7 |
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Total Daily Insulin (U)
Mean (standard deviation)
Range
48.1 ± 21.2
12.0 to 156.0
48.4 ± 20.5
12.0 to 156.0
47.9 ± 22.0
15.2 to 142.2
# Safety Results
The following table shows a summary of adverse events observed during the clinical study and were used to evaluate the safety of the device. Overall, the safety data supports a finding of substantial equivalence.
| Summary of Adverse Events | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Overall
N = 260
#Events/#Participants
with ≥ 1 event | Humalog
N = 128
#Events/#Participants
with ≥ 1 event | NovoLog
N = 132
#Events/#Participants
with ≥ 1 event |
| Serious Adverse Events | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/1 |
| Severe hypoglycemia events | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/1 |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis events | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
| Other Serious adverse events | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
| Adverse Events (non-serious) | 55/43 | 20/14 | 35/29 |
| Adverse Device Effect – SteadiSet Infusion Set | 46/37 | 18/12 | 28/25 |
| Set failure requiring replacement, unrelated to infusion site reaction | 2/2 | 0/0 | 2/2 |
| Infusion site reaction to inserted set | 42/34 | 18/12 | 24/22 |
| Adverse Device Effect – Tandem t:slim X2 with Control IQ Technology | | | |
| Pump failure requiring replacement | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/1 |
| Adverse Device Effect – Dexcom G7 CGM Sensor | | | |
| Site reaction to inserted CGM sensor | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/1 |
# Efficacy Results
Infusion Set Survival
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The overall survival rate for infusion sets lasting at least 7 days, considering all possible reasons for device removal, was 78.4% (80.5% for Humalog and 76.4% for NovoLog). Possible reasons for device removal prior to 7 days included 30 sets taken out before 8 hours; 5 sets removed for an MRI or CT scan; 4 sets removed for convenience in conjunction with a cartridge change when running low on insulin; 1 set removed to avoid a set change during an upcoming trip; 1 set removed for temporary reversion to personal insulin pump after study pump malfunction; 1 set accidentally removed by participant due to confusion about study protocol; 25 sets removed at site request after participant inserted additional set beyond the maximum specified wear period per protocol (they inserted a 13th set); 3 sets removed at site request as a precaution after discovery of improper shipping procedures, and all primary, secondary, and other reasons.
| Duration of Inserted Infusion Sets | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | N = 3,027*
Infusion Sets
Inserted | Humalog
N = 1500 | NovoLog
N = 1527 |
| Wear Duration (Days) | | | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 7.0 (7.0, 7.0) | 7.0 (7.0, 7.0) | 7.0 (7.0, 7.0) |
| 0 (0 - < 24 hours) | 52 (2%) | 27 (2%) | 25 (2%) |
| 1 (24 - < 48 hours) | 31 (1%) | 14 (<1%) | 17 (1%) |
| 2 (48 - < 72 hours) | 46 (2%) | 20 (1%) | 26 (2%) |
| 3 (72 - < 96 hours) | 57 (2%) | 25 (2%) | 32 (2%) |
| 4 (96 - < 120 hours) | 111 (4%) | 47 (3%) | 64 (4%) |
| 5 (120 - < 144 hours) | 136 (4%) | 60 (4%) | 76 (5%) |
| 6 (144 - < 168 hours) | 220 (7%) | 99 (7%) | 121 (8%) |
| 7 (168 - < 192 hours) | 2241 (74%) | 1131 (75%) | 1110 (73%) |
| 8 (192 - < 216 hours) | 124 (4%) | 76 (5%) | 48 (2%) |
| 9 (216 - < 240 hours) | 6 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 5 (<1%) |
| 10 (240 - < 264 hours) | 1 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (<1%) |
| 11 (264 - < 288 hours) | 2 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (<1%) |
The following table summarizes the descriptive summary of infusion set removals. A clinical events committee adjudicated the underlying reasons for removals and more than one cause could be selected.
| Reasons for removal of infusion sets prior to 168 hours as determined by the clinical events committee | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | N = 3,027*
Infusion Sets
Inserted | Humalog
N = 1500 | NovoLog
N = 1527 |
| Primary Endpoint Criteria Met – [n (%)] | 137 (4.5%) | 62 (4.1%) | 75 (4.9%) |
| Hyperglycemia and failure to respond to boluses (without ketones) | 92 (3.0%) | 45 (3.0%) | 47 (3.1%) |
| Hyperglycemia with ketones > 1.0 mmol/L | 24 (0.8%) | 14 (0.9%) | 10 (0.7%) |
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| Investigator advised (without meeting hyperglycemia/ketone criteria) | 21 (0.7%) | 3 (0.2%) | 18 (1.2%) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Key Secondary Endpoint Criteria Met – [n (%)]† | 460 (15.2%) | 195 (13.0%) | 265 (17.4%) |
| Primary endpoint criteria met (for successful insertions) | 137 (4.5%) | 62 (4.1%) | 75 (4.9%) |
| Criteria for primary endpoint met in first 8 hours after insertion | 3 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) |
| Infusion set site infection requiring treatment or investigator's judgement | 13 (0.4%) | 6 (0.4%) | 7 (0.5%) |
| Cannula dislodgement from subcutaneous space‡ | 59 (1.9%) | 35 (2.3%) | 24 (1.6%) |
| Occurrence of a non-resolvable pump occlusion alarm | 55 (1.8%) | 12 (0.8%) | 43 (2.8%) |
| Other device malfunction§ | 101 (3.3%) | 51 (3.4%) | 50 (3.3%) |
| Pain of sufficient severity to prompt early removal of infusion set | 78 (2.6%) | 33 (2.2%) | 45 (2.9%) |
| Removal for unresolvable hyperglycemia or ketosis | 214 (7.1%) | 87 (5.8%) | 127 (8.3%) |
| Other event related to infusion set resulting in failure of insulin delivery | 50 (1.7%) | 17 (1.1%) | 33 (2.2%) |
| Set Removed for other reasons – [n (%)]† | 193 (6.4%) | 97 (6.5%) | 96 (6.3%) |
| Early removal due to miscalculation of time/date | 50 (1.7%) | 25 (1.7%) | 25 (1.6%) |
| Cannula accidentally pulled out | 96 (3.2%) | 49 (3.3%) | 47 (3.1%) |
| Other reason not related to impaired insulin delivery** | 51 (1.7%) | 24 (1.6%) | 27 (1.8%) |
*During one infusion set wear, the participant switched from NovoLog to Humalog, so this wear was excluded from efficacy analyses. †When the primary endpoint criteria were not met, CEC members could specify multiple reasons for the failure of an infusion set, so the sum of the rows below is greater than the number to the right. ‡With or without liquid leakage at the cannula insertion site); not including accidental removal, such as tubing caught on doorknob. §Inability to pierce skin, bending, or other malformation that might impact insulin infusion, securement failure, or similar occurrence. Hyperglycemia or ketosis not meeting criteria for primary endpoint. **This includes 23 participants who mistakenly attempted to wear a 13th set and were then asked to remove it, as well as the 3 participants at a single site who were asked to remove their set due to a site level protocol deviation.
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The failure rate due to hyperglycemia, including all 3 primary endpoints and the secondary endpoint of unresolvable hyperglycemia or ketosis is given in the table below. Overall, 354 of the 3028 inserted sets (11.7%) failed for these reasons, inclusive of sets that failed within the first 8 hours of use.
| Number of Failed Infusion Sets due to Primary Endpoints and Unresolvable Hyperglycemia or Ketosis | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Overall | | | | Humalog | | | NovoLog | | |
| | N at Risk | N Failed due to Hyper glycemia | Cumulative Failure Rate | N at Risk | N Failed due to Hyper glycemia | Cumulative Failure Rate | N at Risk | N Failed due to Hyper glycemia | Cumulative Failure Rate |
| Day 1 | 3028 | 9 | 0.3% | 1500 | 4 | 0.3% | 1527 | 5 | 0.3% |
| Day 2 | 2976 | 3 | 0.4% | 1473 | 0 | 0.3% | 1502 | 3 | 0.5% |
| Day 3 | 2945 | 21 | 1.1% | 1459 | 9 | 0.9% | 1485 | 12 | 1.3% |
| Day 4 | 2899 | 30 | 2.1% | 1439 | 14 | 1.9% | 1459 | 16 | 2.4% |
| Day 5 | 2841 | 75 | 4.7% | 1414 | 30 | 4.0% | 1426 | 44 | 5.5% |
| Day 6 | 2731 | 96 | 8.1% | 1367 | 45 | 7.1% | 1364 | 52 | 9.1% |
| Day 7 | 2594 | 120 | 12.4% | 1307 | 48 | 10.6% | 1286 | 72 | 14.2% |
## Glycemic Control Metrics
CGM outcomes were tabulated by day of infusion set wear, including all infusion sets with a minimum of 20 hours of wear. The average time in range at baseline was $73\% \pm 12.1\%$, increased to $75.3\% \pm 10.1\%$ over the first 72 hours of wear, and decreased to $67.8\% \pm 13.0\%$ over hours 72-168 of wear. The mean glucose (mg/dL) was $152.7 \pm 20.2$ at baseline, decreased to $147.7 \pm 16.9$ over the first 72 hours of wear, and increased to $163.0 \pm 20.5$ over hours 72-168 of wear.
| | N | % Time in Range 70-180 mg/dL | % Time in Tight Range 70-140 mg/dL | Mean Glucose (mg/dL) | % Time >180 mg/dL | % Time >250 mg/dL | % Time <70 mg/dL | % Time <54 mg/dL | CGM Hyper-glycemic Event Rate per week1 | CGM Hypo-glycemic Event Rate per week**2** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Baseline | 260 | 73.0% ± 12.1% | 47.6% ± 14.0% | 152.7 ± 20.2 | 25.2% ± 12.7% | 6.4% ± 6.5% | 1.9% ± 1.7% | 0.4% ± 0.5% | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 1.1 |
| Day 1 | 2892 | 73.6% ± 15.2% | 50.3% ± 16.9% | 148.4 ± 23.4 | 23.5% ± 15.1% | 6.1% ± 8.3% | 2.9% ± 4.0% | 0.7% ± 1.8% | 1.7 ± 3.5 | 1.3 ± 3.6 |
| Day 2 | 2850 | 77.3% ± 14.8% | 51.7% ± 18.3% | 145.3 ± 22.1 | 20.5% ± 14.9% | 4.0% ± 6.8% | 2.2% ± 3.4% | 0.5% ± 1.4% | 0.9 ± 2.5 | 0.9 ± 3.0 |
| Day 3 | 2809 | 75.4% ± 16.2% | 49.2% ± 19.2% | 149.0 ± 24.0 | 22.7% ± 16.5% | 4.7% ± 7.7% | 1.9% ± 3.2% | 0.4% ± 1.2% | 1.1 ± 2.8 | 0.8 ± 2.8 |
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| Day 4 | 2750 | 72.8% ± 17.6% | 44.7% ± 20.2% | 154.8 ± 26.5 | 25.8% ± 18.0% | 5.8% ± 9.3% | 1.4% ± 2.6% | 0.3% ± 1.0% | 1.4 ± 3.3 | 0.6 ± 2.3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Day 5 | 2669 | 69.0% ± 19.3% | 40.2% ± 20.7% | 161.2 ± 29.1 | 29.9% ± 19.7% | 7.5% ± 11.0% | 1.1% ± 2.4% | 0.2% ± 1.0% | 1.8 ± 3.5 | 0.5 ± 2.2 |
| Day 6 | 2536 | 66.6% ± 20.7% | 37.1% ± 21.2% | 165.2 ± 30.3 | 32.5% ± 21.0% | 8.2% ± 11.4% | 0.9% ± 2.3% | 0.2% ± 0.9% | 1.9 ± 3.7 | 0.4 ± 2.1 |
| Day 7 | 2351 | 64.4% ± 21.1% | 34.1% ± 21.1% | 168.2 ± 30.1 | 34.7% ± 21.5% | 8.7% ± 11.4% | 8.7% ± 11.4% | 0.2% ± 0.9% | 2.2 ± 3.9 | 0.4 ± 1.9 |
a. A CGM-measured prolonged hyperglycemic event is defined as at least 2 sensor values >250 mg/dL that are 120 or more minutes apart plus no intervening values ≤250 mg/dL; at least 2 sensor values ≤180 mg/dL that are 15 or more minutes apart with no intervening values >180 mg/dL are required to define the end of an event, at which point the study participant becomes eligible for a new event.
b. A CGM-measured hypoglycemic event <54 mg/dL is defined as at least 2 sensor values <54 mg/dL that are 15 or more minutes apart plus no intervening values ≥54 mg/dL; at least 2 sensor values ≥54 mg/dL that are 15 or more minutes apart with no intervening values <54 mg/dL are required to define the end of an event, at which point the study participant becomes eligible for a new event.
Insulin outcomes were also tabulated by day of infusion set wear. Overall, total daily insulin needs increased from 49.1 ± 23.3 units/day on Day 1 to 57.7 ± 26.7 units/day on Day 7.
| | N | Total Daily Insulin (U) | Basal (U) | Bolus (U) | Bolus/Basal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Baseline | 260 | 48.1 ± 21.2 | 22.8 ± 10.5 | 25.3 ± 13.9 | 1.2 ± 0.6 |
| Day 1 | 2971 | 49.1 ± 23.3 | 22.5 ± 10.8 | 26.6 ± 15.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 |
| Day 2 | 2942 | 47.3 ± 22.2 | 22.4 ± 10.5 | 24.9 ± 15.1 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Day 3 | 2900 | 48.5 ± 23.7 | 23.0 ± 11.2 | 25.6 ± 15.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Day 4 | 2846 | 51.0 ± 24.5 | 24.0 ± 11.6 | 27.0 ± 16.3 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Day 5 | 2751 | 53.9 ± 26.0 | 25.2 ± 12.0 | 28.7 ± 17.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Day 6 | 2625 | 56.2 ± 26.8 | 26.4 ± 12.7 | 29.8 ± 17.9 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Day 7 | 2434 | 57.7 ± 26.7 | 27.4 ± 13.1 | 30.3 ± 17.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
The overall change in HbA1c for the study period, as well as an analysis of changes in HbA1c by average infusion set wear length, are shown in the tables below.
| | Baseline N = 260 | Final Visit N = 256 | 95% Confidence Interval [P-value] |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| HbA1c (%) – mean ± SD | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.8 ± 0.7 | 0.08 (0.04, 0.12) [< 0.001] |
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| | Baseline | | Final Visit | | Change from Baseline | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD |
| Overall | | | | | | |
| Average set wear length (days) | | | | | | |
| < 3 | 1 | 7.1 | 1 | 7.2 | 1 | 0.1 |
| 3 - < 5 | 6 | 6.6 ± 0.9 | 6 | 6.9 ± 1.0 | 6 | 0.28 ± 0.48 |
| 5 - < 7 | 125 | 6.8 ± 0.7 | 122 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 122 | 0.06 ± 0.32 |
| ≥ 7 | 128 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 127 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 127 | 0.08 ± 0.34 |
| Humalog | | | | | | |
| Average set wear length (days) | | | | | | |
| < 3 | 1 | 7.1 | 1 | 7.2 | 1 | 0.10 |
| 3 - < 5 | 2 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 2 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 2 | -0.05 ± 0.21 |
| 5 - < 7 | 59 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 58 | 6.8 ± 0.7 | 58 | 0.08 ± 0.35 |
| ≥ 7 | 66 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 66 | 6.8 ± 0.7 | 66 | 0.09 ± 0.39 |
| NovoLog | | | | | | |
| Average set wear length (days) | | | | | | |
| < 3 | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - |
| 3 - < 5 | 4 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 4 | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 4 | 0.45 ± 0.51 |
| 5 - < 7 | 66 | 6.8 ± 0.7 | 64 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 64 | 0.04 ± 0.28 |
| ≥ 7 | 62 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | 61 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | 61 | 0.07 ± 0.28 |
## Discussion of Clinical Study Results
Past day 3 of the study, results showed trends towards decreasing time in range, increasing time above range, increasing mean glucose, and increasing total daily dose of insulin use on average for the study participants over the duration of the device wear period during this 12-week clinical study.
The overall change in HbA1c observed from baseline to the end of the 12-week study was an increase of 0.1 and was not considered to be clinically significant. An additional analysis of HbA1c change for study participants that had average infusion set wear durations of at least 7 days or less than 7 days did not show a clear correlation between increasing average infusion set wear time and worsening HbA1c. Average observed change in HbA1c was zero for subjects who averaged less than 7 days of wear per infusion set, and an increase of 0.1 for subjects who averaged at least 7 days of wear. This difference was not considered to be clinically significant.
The overall standard deviation in HbA1c change from baseline for study participants was 0.7. As with other aspects of diabetes management and insulin therapy, individualization of device use may be appropriate. The recommended duration of device use is between 2 to 7 days, which allows for patients and their healthcare providers to individualize device use as needed based on real world use.
## VII Proposed Labeling:
The labeling supports the finding of substantial equivalence for this device.
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# VIII Conclusion:
The submitted information in this premarket notification is complete and supports a substantial equivalence decision.
