ANDORATE® Valve Kit
K232118 · Ga Health Company Limited · ODC · Oct 16, 2023 · Gastroenterology, Urology
Device Facts
| Record ID | K232118 |
| Device Name | ANDORATE® Valve Kit |
| Applicant | Ga Health Company Limited |
| Product Code | ODC · Gastroenterology, Urology |
| Decision Date | Oct 16, 2023 |
| Decision | SESE |
| Submission Type | Traditional |
| Regulation | 21 CFR 876.1500 |
| Device Class | Class 2 |
Intended Use
The single use ANDORATE® Air/Water Valve is used to control the air / water function of an endoscope during GI endoscopic procedures. The single use ANDORATE® Suction Valve is used to control the suction function of an endoscope during GI endoscopic procedures. The single use ANDORATE® Biopsy Valve is used to cover the opening to the biopsy/suction channel of gastro-intestinal endoscopes. The Biopsy Valve provides access for endoscopic device passage and exchange, helps maintain insufflation, minimizes leakage of biomaterial from the biopsy port through the endoscopic procedure and provides access for irrigation. The single use ANDORATE® Auxiliary Water Connector is used in conjunction with irrigation tubing, intended to provide irrigation fluids such as sterile water supplied to the GI endoscope during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures when used in conjunction with an irrigation pump. The Auxiliary Water Connector is manufactured with a one-way valve to minimize the risk of cross-contamination of the irrigation system.
Device Story
ANDORATE® Valve Kit comprises single-use accessories for GI endoscopes; includes suction valve, air/water valve, biopsy valve, and auxiliary water connector. Suction valve attaches to suction port to aspirate fluids/debris; air/water valve attaches to air/water port to cleanse lens; biopsy valve covers biopsy port to maintain insufflation and allow instrument passage; auxiliary water connector attaches to auxiliary water port to facilitate irrigation via pump. Used in hospitals/clinics by trained medical personnel. Devices are sterile, single-use, and manufactured via injection molding. Provides clinical benefit by maintaining endoscope function, visibility, and irrigation capability while minimizing cross-contamination risk via one-way valve in water connector.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. No clinical data. Testing included compatibility, flow, leakage, pressing force, vacuum leak, and squeegee leak tests. Biocompatibility testing conducted per ISO 10993-1.
Technological Characteristics
Materials: Polycarbonate, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Silicone Rubber, Parylene-N, Stainless Steel 304. Manufacturing: Injection molding. Sterilization: EO Gas. Components: Suction valve, air/water valve, biopsy valve, auxiliary water connector with one-way valve. Connectivity: Mechanical attachment to endoscope ports.
Indications for Use
Indicated for use during gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures to control suction, air/water functions, cover biopsy/suction channels, and provide irrigation fluid access.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An endoscope and accessories is a device used to provide access, illumination, and allow observation or manipulation of body cavities, hollow organs, and canals. The device consists of various rigid or flexible instruments that are inserted into body spaces and may include an optical system for conveying an image to the user's eye and their accessories may assist in gaining access or increase the versatility and augment the capabilities of the devices. Examples of devices that are within this generic type of device include cleaning accessories for endoscopes, photographic accessories for endoscopes, nonpowered anoscopes, binolcular attachments for endoscopes, pocket battery boxes, flexible or rigid choledochoscopes, colonoscopes, diagnostic cystoscopes, cystourethroscopes, enteroscopes, esophagogastroduodenoscopes, rigid esophagoscopes, fiberoptic illuminators for endoscopes, incandescent endoscope lamps, biliary pancreatoscopes, proctoscopes, resectoscopes, nephroscopes, sigmoidoscopes, ureteroscopes, urethroscopes, endomagnetic retrievers, cytology brushes for endoscopes, and lubricating jelly for transurethral surgical instruments. This section does not apply to endoscopes that have specialized uses in other medical specialty areas and that are covered by classification regulations in other parts of the device classification regulations.
Special Controls
*Classification* —(1)*Class II (special controls).* The device, when it is an endoscope disinfectant basin, which consists solely of a container that holds disinfectant and endoscopes and accessories; an endoscopic magnetic retriever intended for single use; sterile scissors for cystoscope intended for single use; a disposable, non-powered endoscopic grasping/cutting instrument intended for single use; a diagnostic incandescent light source; a fiberoptic photographic light source; a routine fiberoptic light source; an endoscopic sponge carrier; a xenon arc endoscope light source; an endoscope transformer; an LED light source; or a gastroenterology-urology endoscopic guidewire, is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 876.9.(2) Class I for the photographic accessories for endoscope, miscellaneous bulb adapter for endoscope, binocular attachment for endoscope, eyepiece attachment for prescription lens, teaching attachment, inflation bulb, measuring device for panendoscope, photographic equipment for physiologic function monitor, special lens instrument for endoscope, smoke removal tube, rechargeable battery box, pocket battery box, bite block for endoscope, and cleaning brush for endoscope. The devices subject to this paragraph (b)(2) are exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807of this chapter, subject to the limitations in § 876.9.
Predicate Devices
- Andorate Auxiliary Water Connector, Andorate Valves Set (K191231)
- Andorate Disposable Air/Water Valve, Andorate Disposable Suction Valve (K200495)
- AquaPulse Auxiliary Water Connector (K200479)
Related Devices
- K230932 — ANDORATE® Valve Kit · Ga Health Company Limited · Jul 7, 2023
- K191231 — Andorate Auxiliary Water Connector, Andorate Valves Set · Smartdata Suzhou Co., Ltd. · Jun 7, 2019
- K220884 — Disposable Endoscope Valve Sets · Sml Med-Tech Solutions Limited · Jan 17, 2023
- K200769 — Disposable Endoscope Valves Set, Disposable Endoscope Valves Set B · Wilson Instruments (Sha) Co., Ltd. · Jan 6, 2021
- K241285 — Disposable Endoscope Valves Set (AF series) · Alton (Shanghai) Medical Instruments Co., Ltd. · Oct 1, 2024
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image contains the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The logo consists of two parts: the Department of Health & Human Services logo on the left and the FDA acronym along with the full name of the agency on the right. The FDA part of the logo is in blue, with the acronym in a square and the full name, "U.S. Food & Drug Administration," written out next to it.
October 16, 2023
GA Health Company Limited Wing Yu Lam Assistant Regulatory Affairs Manager Unit 18, 21/F, Metropole Square, 2 On Yiu Street, Shatin Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
Re: K232118
Trade/Device Name: ANDORATE® Valve Kit Regulation Number: 21 CFR 876.1500 Regulation Name: Endoscope And Accessories Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: ODC, OCX Dated: July 12, 2023 Received: July 17, 2023
Dear Wing Yu Lam:
We have reviewed your section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database available at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
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Additional information about changes that may require a new premarket notification are provided in the FDA guidance documents entitled "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99812/download) and "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Software Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99785/download).
Your device is also subject to, among other requirements, the Quality System (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820), which includes, but is not limited to, 21 CFR 820.30, Design controls; 21 CFR 820.90, Nonconforming product; and 21 CFR 820.100, Corrective and preventive action. Please note that regardless of whether a change requires premarket review, the QS regulation requires device manufacturers to review and approve changes to device design and production (21 CFR 820.30 and 21 CFR 820.70) and document changes and approvals in the device master record (21 CFR 820.181).
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR Part 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR Parts 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn).
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Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/deviceadvice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely.
# Sivakami Venkatachalam -S
for
Shanil P. Haugen, Ph.D. Assistant Director DHT3A: Division of Renal, Gastrointestinal, Obesity and Transplant Devices OHT3: Office of GastroRenal, ObGyn, General Hospital and Urology Devices Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological HealthCenter for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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## Indications for Use
Submission Number (if known)
K232118
Device Name
ANDORATE® Valve Kit
## Indications for Use (Describe)
The single use ANDORATE® Suction Valve is used to control the suction function of an endoscope during GI endoscopic procedures.
The single use ANDORATE® Air/Water Valve is used to control the air / water function of an endoscope during GI endoscopic procedures.
The single use ANDORATE® Biopsy Valve is used to cover the opening to the biopsy/suction channel of gastro-intestinal endoscopes. The Biopsy Valve provides access for endoscopic device passage and exchange, helps maintain insufflation, minimizes leakage of biomaterial from the biopsy port through the endoscopic procedure and provides access for irrigation.
The single use ANDORATE® Auxiliary Water Connector is used in conjunction with irrigation tubing, intended to provide irrigation fluids such as sterile water supplied to the Gl endoscope during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures when used in conjunction with an irrigation pump. The Auxiliary Water Connector is manufactured with a one-way valve to minimize the risk of crosscontamination of the irrigation system.
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|-------------------------------------------------|--|
|-------------------------------------------------|--|
> Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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## 510(k) Summary
The 510(k) summary of safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 and 21 CFR 807.92.
- 1. Submission Sponsor Submitter's Name: Submitter's Address:
Establishment Registration No.:
## 2. Sponsor Contact
GA Health Company Limited Unit 18, 21/F, Metropole Square 2 On Yiu Street, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, CHINA 3014749926
Cindy Ye Chief Executive Officer Telephone: +852 2833 9010 Email: cindv.ve@gahealth.com
Lam Wing Yu Assistant Requlatory Affairs Manager Telephone: +852 2833 9010 Email: rainy.lam@gahealth.com
## 3. Date Prepared
29 March 2023
## 4. Device Identification
- Device Name: Common Name: Requlation Number: Requlation Name: Product Code: Product Code Name:
Regulation Class: Device Panel:
## ANDORATE® Valve Kit Valve Kit for endoscope 21 CFR 876.1500 Endoscope and accessories ODC, OCX Endoscope Channel Accessory, Endoscopic Irrigation/Suction System 2 Gastroenterology/Urology
#### 5. Predicate Device Identification Primary Predicate Device 510(k) No .:
Primary Predicate Device Trade Name:
Primary Predicate Device Product Code:
Secondary Predicate Device 510(k) No .: Secondary Predicate Device Trade Name:
Secondary Predicate Device Product Code: Secondary Predicate Device 510(k) No .:
K191231 Andorate Auxiliary Water Connector, Andorate Valves Set ODC - Endoscope Channel Accessory OCX - Endoscopic Irrigation/Suction System K200495 Andorate Disposable Air/Water Valve, Andorate Disposable Suction Valve ODC - Endoscope Channel Accessory K200479
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Secondary Predicate Device Trade Name:
AquaPulse Auxiliary Water Connector Secondary Predicate Device Product Code: OCX - Endoscopic Irrigation/Suction System
## 6. Device Description:
The subject devices are intended for single use. Table 1 shows the components included in the submission.
| Components | Product Code | Regulation<br>Number | Regulatory<br>Classification |
|-------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|----------------------|------------------------------|
| ANDORATE® Suction Valve | ODC – Endoscope<br>channel accessory | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 2 |
| ANDORATE® Air/Water Valve | ODC – Endoscope<br>channel accessory | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 2 |
| ANDORATE® Biopsy Valve | ODC – Endoscope<br>channel accessory | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 2 |
| ANDORATE® Auxiliary Water Connector | OCX – Endoscopic<br>Irrigation/Suction System | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 2 |
| Table 1 - Components included in the Submission |
|-------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------|
The suction valve is designed to be attached to the suction port of the endoscope and the air/water valve is designed to be attached to the air/water port of the endoscope. The activation of the suction valve allows the user to aspirate excess fluids or other debris obscuring the endoscope image, while the activation of the air/water valve allows the user to control air and water flow to assist in cleansing the lens during procedures.
The biopsy valve is intended to cover the endoscope biopsy port during an endoscopy procedure. In addition, the valve provides access for endoscopic device passage and exchange, helps maintain insufflation and minimizes leakage of biomaterial from the biopsy port throughout the endoscopic procedure.
The auxiliary water connector is manufactured for use in conjunction with irrigation tubing, and endoscope. It is designed to be attached to the auxiliary water port of the endoscopes. The auxiliary water connector consists of a backflow valve which prevent the backflow of water or biomaterials from the endoscope to the sterile water bottle.
The subject devices are packed in a sealed pouch and are supplied sterile. The subject devices in this submission have the same operation and method of action with the predicate devices.
There were no prior submissions for the subject devices.
## 7. Intended Use:
The single use ANDORATE® Air/Water Valve is used to control the air / water function of an endoscope during GI endoscopic procedures.
The single use ANDORATE® Suction Valve is used to control the suction function of an endoscope during GI endoscopic procedures.
The single use ANDORATE® Biopsy Valve is used to cover the opening to the biopsy/suction channel of gastro-intestinal endoscopes. The Biopsy Valve provides access for endoscopic
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device passage and exchange, helps maintain insufflation, minimizes leakage of biomaterial from the biopsy port through the endoscopic procedure and provides access for irrigation.
The single use ANDORATE® Auxiliary Water Connector is used in conjunction with irrigation tubing, intended to provide irrigation fluids such as sterile water supplied to the GI endoscope during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures when used in conjunction with an irrigation pump. The Auxiliary Water Connector is manufactured with a one-way valve to minimize the risk of cross-contamination of the irrigation system.
## 8. Technological Characteristics
Table 2 summarizes the valve kit technological characteristics as compared to the predicate devices.
| Specification | Primary Predicate Device | Secondary Predicate Device | Subject Device | Substantial<br>Equivalence | |
|------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
| Device Name | Andorate Auxiliary Water<br>Connector, Andorate Valves<br>Set | Andorate Disposable<br>Air/Water Valve, Andorate<br>Disposable Suction Valve | AquaPulse Auxiliary Water<br>Connector | ANDORATE® Valve Kit | N/A |
| K Number | K191231 | K200495 | K200479 | / | N/A |
| Product Code | ODC, OCX | ODC | OCX | ODC, OCX | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
| Regulatory<br>Classification | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Identical |
| Regulation No | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 21 CFR 876.1500 | 21 CFR 876.1500 | Identical |
| Regulation<br>Description | Endoscope and accessories | Endoscope and accessories | Endoscope and accessories | Endoscope and accessories | Identical |
| Supplied<br>Sterile | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Identical |
| Intended Use | The Andorate Auxiliary Water<br>Connector (Model GAR048)<br>is used in conjunction with<br>irrigation tubing (not<br>supplied), intended to<br>provide irrigation via irrigation<br>fluids such as sterile water<br>supplied to the Pentax 90<br>series endoscope during<br>gastrointestinal endoscopic<br>procedures when used in<br>conjunction with an irrigation<br>pump.<br>The disposable Andorate<br>Valves Set (Model GAR037)<br>consists of one suction valve,<br>one air/water valve and one<br>biopsy valve.<br>-The Andorate Disposable<br>Suction Valve is used to<br>control the suction function of<br>an endoscope (for Pentax 90 | The Andorate® Disposable<br>Suction Valve is used to<br>control the suction function of<br>an endoscope (Fujifilm 700<br>series) during a Gl<br>Endoscopic procedure. The<br>Andorate® Disposable<br>Air/Water valve is used to<br>control the air/water function<br>of an endoscope (Fujifilm 700<br>series) during a GI<br>Endoscopic procedure. | The AquaPulse® Auxiliary<br>Water Connector is used in<br>conjunction with irrigation<br>tubing (not supplied),<br>intended to provide irrigation<br>via irrigation fluids such as<br>sterile water supplied to the<br>Fujifilm GI endoscopes<br>during gastrointestinal<br>endoscopic procedures when<br>used in conjunction with an<br>irrigation pump. | The single use ANDORATE®<br>Air/Water Valve is used to<br>control the air / water function<br>of an endoscope during Gl<br>endoscopic procedures.<br>The single use ANDORATE®<br>Suction Valve is used to<br>control the suction function of<br>an endoscope during GI<br>endoscopic procedures.<br>The single use ANDORATE®<br>Biopsy Valve is used to cover<br>the opening to the<br>biopsy/suction channel of<br>gastro-intestinal endoscopes.<br>The Biopsy Valve provides<br>access for endoscopic device<br>passage and exchange,<br>helps maintain insufflation,<br>minimizes leakage of<br>biomaterial from the biopsy<br>port through the endoscopic | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
Table 2 - Summary of design, features and principles of operation and technological characteristics between the subject device and predicate devices
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| Specification | Primary Predicate Device | Secondary Predicate Device | Secondary Predicate Device | Subject Device | Substantial<br>Equivalence |
|---------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| | series Endoscope) during a GI Endoscopic procedure. | | | procedure and provides access for irrigation. | |
| | -The Andorate Disposable Air/Water valve is used to control the air/water function of an endoscope (for Pentax 90 series Endoscope) during a GI Endoscopic procedure. | | | The single use ANDORATE® Auxiliary Water Connector is used in conjunction with irrigation tubing, intended to provide irrigation via irrigation fluids such as sterile water supplied to the GI endoscope | |
| | -The Andorate Disposable biopsy valve is used to cover the endoscope biopsy port during an endoscopy procedure. In addition, the valve provides access for endoscopic device passage and exchange, helps maintain insufflation and minimizes leakage of biomaterial from the biopsy port throughout the endoscopic procedure. | | | during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures when used in conjunction with an irrigation pump. The Auxiliary Water Connector is manufactured with a one-way valve to minimize the risk of cross-contamination of the irrigation system. | |
| Environment<br>of Use | Hospital and or clinics | Hospital and or clinics | Hospital and or clinics | Hospital and or clinics | Identical |
| Single Use or<br>Reusable | Single Use | Single Use | Single Use | Single Use | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
| Material | Polycarbonate, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, silicone, Stainless Steel 304 | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, silicone, Stainless Steel 304 | Polycarbonate, silicone | Polycarbonate, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Silicone Rubber, Parylene-N, Stainless Steel 304 | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
| Manufacturing<br>method | Injection moulding | Injection moulding | Injection moulding | Injection moulding | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
| Packaging | Packaged in a sealed pouch | Packaged in a sealed pouch | Packaged in a sealed pouch | Packaged in a sealed pouch | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
| Sterilization | EO Gas | EO Gas | EO Gas | EO Gas | Substantial<br>Equivalent |
## 9. Performance Test
The bench testing was performed to support substantial equivalence on both the subject device and the predicate device. The performance data demonstrated that the subject devices met established specifications in the following non-clinical tests such as compatibility test, flow test, leakage and pressing force test for suction valve and compatibility test, flow tests, leakage and pressing force test for air/water valve, vacuum leak and squeegee leak for biopsy valve and endoscope compatibility, air leak, water leak etc. for auxiliary water connector respectively.
## 10. Biocompatibility
The biocompatibility of the subject devices was conducted in accordance with the FDA guideline "Use of International Standard ISO 10993-1, "Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process". Biocompatibility testing is conducted on subject device in accordance with the ISO 10993 standard. The test result shows that both the subject devices are biocompatible.
## 11.Conclusion
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The subject devices have the same intended use as the predicate devices. Based on the technological characteristics and overall performance of the devices in bench testing, there are no significant differences exist between the subject devices and the predicate devices. The subject devices do not raise any new issues of safety and effectiveness. From a clinical perspective and comparing design specifications, the subject devices and the predicate device are substantially equivalent.