K222819 · Canon Medical Systems Corporation · JAK · Mar 3, 2023 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K222819
Device Name
Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i
Applicant
Canon Medical Systems Corporation
Product Code
JAK · Radiology
Decision Date
Mar 3, 2023
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.1750
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
AI/ML
AI Performance
Output
Algorithm
Acceptance
Observed
Dev DS
Dev Readers
Test DS
Test Readers
Noise reduction
Deep Convolutional Neural Network
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Clinical image review of body, cardiac, chest, head, and extremity diagnostic images
1 (American Board-Certified Radiologist)
Indications for Use
This device is indicated to acquire and display cross sectional volumes of the whole body, to include the head. The Aquilion Serve has the capability to provide volume sets can be used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software/hardware, by a trained and qualified physician. AiCE (Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine) is a noise reduction algorithm that improves image quality and reduces image noise by employing Deep Convolutional Neural Network methods for abdomen, pelvis, lung, cardiac, extremities, head and inner ear applications.
Device Story
Whole-body multi-slice helical CT scanner; includes gantry, couch, console. Captures cross-sectional volume data; processes/displays images. Operated by trained physicians in clinical settings. Features AiCE (Deep Convolutional Neural Network) for noise reduction; AIDR 3D for iterative dose reduction. Includes automated scan planning, 3D landmark scanning, and Flex e-Tilt. Output viewed by radiologists for diagnostic assessment; aids clinical decision-making by providing high-quality, low-noise images for various anatomical applications (abdomen, pelvis, lung, cardiac, head, etc.).
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Evaluated image quality metrics (CNR, CT number accuracy, uniformity, SSP, MTF, SD, NPS, LCD) across various modes (body, lung, cardiac, etc.). Phantom studies confirmed 3D scano water equivalence and improved LCD/noise reduction compared to AIDR. Clinical image quality confirmed by American Board-Certified Radiologist review. No prospective clinical trials reported.
Technological Characteristics
Multi-slice helical CT scanner. Components: gantry, couch, console. Materials: standard medical-grade components per ISO 13485. Energy: Ionizing radiation (21 CFR 1020). Connectivity: Networked console. Software: Deep Convolutional Neural Network (AiCE) and iterative reconstruction (AIDR 3D). Standards: IEC 60601-1, 60601-1-3, 60601-2-44, NEMA XR-26/29.
Indications for Use
Indicated for whole-body, including head, cross-sectional volume acquisition and display in patients requiring specialized CT studies. Used by trained, qualified physicians.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A computed tomography x-ray system is a diagnostic x-ray system intended to produce cross-sectional images of the body by computer reconstruction of x-ray transmission data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.
Predicate Devices
Aquilion Lightning (TSX-036A/7) V10.2 with AiCE-i (K201836)
Aquilion Prime SP (TSX-303B/8) V10.2 with AiCE-i (K192832)
Reference Devices
Aquilion ONE / GENESIS Edition (cited for lung cancer screening protocol comparison)
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Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The logo consists of two parts: the Department of Health & Human Services seal on the left and the FDA acronym along with the full name of the agency on the right. The FDA part of the logo is in blue, with the acronym in a square and the full name in a sans-serif font. The logo is simple and professional, conveying the agency's authority and mission.
March 3, 2023
Canon Medical Systems Corporation % Orlando Tadeo, Jr. Sr. Manager, Regulatory Affairs Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc. 2441 Michelle Drive TUSTIN CA 92780
Re: K222819
Trade/Device Name: Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.1750 Regulation Name: Computed tomography x-ray system Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: JAK Dated: February 1, 2023 Received: February 2, 2023
Dear Orlando Tadeo:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's
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requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
Lu Jiang
Lu Jiang, Ph.D. Assistant Director Diagnostic X-Ray Systems Team DHT8B: Division of Imaging Devices and Electronic Products OHT8: Office of Radiological Health Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known)
K222819
Device Name
Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i
### Indications for Use (Describe)
This device is indicated to acquire and display cross sectional volumes of the whole body, to include the head. The Aquilion Serve has the capability to provide volume sets can be used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software/hardware, by a trained and qualified physician. AiCE (Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine) is a noise reduction algorithm that improves image quality and reduces image noise by employing Deep Convolutional Neural Network methods for abdomen, pelvis, lung, cardiac, extremities, head and inner ear applications.
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| <div> Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) </div> | <div> Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) </div> |
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# 510(k) SUMMARY
1. SUBMITTER'S NAME: Fumiaki Teshima Senior Manager, Quality Assurance Department Canon Medical Systems Corporation 1385 Shimoishigami Otawara-Shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan 324-8550
- 2. ESTABLISHMENT REGISTRATION: 9614698
#### 3. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENT/CONTACT PERSON:
Orlando Tadeo, Jr. Sr. Manager, Regulatory Affairs Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc 2441 Michelle Drive Tustin, CA 92780 (714) 669-7459
- 4. DATE PREPARED: September 16, 2022
- 5. TRADE NAME(S): Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i
#### COMMON NAME: 6. Computed Tomography X-ray System
#### 7. DEVICE CLASSIFICATION:
a) Classification Name: Computed Tomography X-ray system b) Regulation Number: 21 CFR §892.1750 c) Regulatory Class: Class II
#### 8. PRODUCT CODE:
JAK
#### 9. PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
This device conforms to applicable Performance Standards for Ionizing Radiation Emitting Products [21 CFR, Subchapter J, Part 1020]
PHONE: 800-421-1968 2441 Michelle Drive, Tustin, CA 92780
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#### 10. PREDICATE DEVICE:
| Product | Marketed by | Regulation Number | Regulation Name | Product Code | 510(k) Number | Clearance Date |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
| Primary Predicate:<br>Aquilion Lightning<br>(TSX-036A/7) V10.2<br>with AiCE-i | Canon<br>Medical<br>Systems, USA | 21 CFR<br>§892.1750 | Computed<br>Tomography<br>X-ray System | JAK:<br>System, X-ray,<br>Tomography,<br>Computed | K201836 | 01/12/2021 |
| Reference Predicate:<br>Aquilion Prime SP<br>(TSX-303B/8) V10.2<br>with AiCE-i | Canon<br>Medical<br>Systems, USA | 21 CFR<br>§892.1750 | Computed<br>Tomography<br>X-ray System | JAK:<br>System, X-ray,<br>Tomography,<br>Computed | K192832 | 02/21/2020 |
#### 11. REASON FOR SUBMISSION:
New medical device
#### 12. DEVICE DESCRIPTION:
Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i (Advanced intelligent Clear-IQ Engine-integrated) is a whole body multi-slice helical CT scanner, consisting of a gantry, couch and a console used for data processing and display. This device captures cross sectional volume data sets used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software/hardware, by a trained and qualified physician. This system is based upon the technology and materials of previously marketed Canon CT systems.
#### 13. INDICATIONS FOR USE:
This device is indicated to acquire and display cross sectional volumes of the whole body, to include the head. The Aquilion Serve has the capability to provide volume sets. These volume sets can be used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software, by a trained and qualified physician. AiCE (Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine) is a noise reduction algorithm that improves image quality and reduces image noise by employing Deep Convolutional Neural Network methods for abdomen, pelvis, lung, cardiac, extremities, head and inner ear applications.
#### 14. SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE:
The Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i is substantially equivalent to Aquilion Lightning (TSX-036A/7) V10.2 with AiCE-i, which received premarket clearance under K201836, and is marketed by Canon Medical Systems USA. The intended use of the Aquilion Serve is the same as that of the predicate device.
A comparison of the technological characteristics between the subject and the predicate device is included below.
| | Subject Device | Predicate Device | Comment |
|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Device Name,<br>Model Number | Aquilion Serve<br>(TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i | Aquilion Lightning<br>(TSX-036A/7) V10.2 with AiCE-i | |
| 510(k) Number | This submission | K201836 | |
| Scan modes | Conventional scan (Axial Scan*)<br>Volume, Dynamic volume scan<br>Helical scan | Conventional scan (S&S, S&V)<br>Volume, Dynamic volume scan<br>Helical scan | *: S&V is not<br>supported<br>S&S is called<br>"Axial Scan" |
| | Subject Device | Predicate Device | Comment |
| Device Name,<br>Model Number | Aquilion Serve<br>(TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i | Aquilion Lightning<br>(TSX-036A/7) V10.2 with AiCE-i | |
| 510(k) Number | This submission | K201836 | |
| Positioning Scan | Positioning:<br>Single | Scanoscopy:<br>Scano | |
| | Dual<br>3D Landmark Scan | Dual Scano | |
| 3D Landmark Scan | Available | Not Available | |
| Anatomical<br>Landmark<br>Detection | Available | Not Available | |
| Scan planning assist<br>function* | Available | Not Available | *: If 3D Landmark<br>Scan is set in a<br>scan protocol. |
| Scan slice thickness | [Conventional scan (Axial scan)]<br>4-row scan: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8<br>mm<br>1-row scan: 1 mm<br><br>[Volume, Dynamic volume scan]<br>(80-row scan*: 0.5 mm)<br>40-row scan: 0.5 mm<br><br>[Helical scan]<br>(80-row scan*: 0.5 mm)<br>40-row scan: 0.5 mm and 1 mm<br>20-row scan: 0.5 mm<br>4-row scan: 0.5 mm<br><br>[3D Landmark Scan]<br>40-row scan: 1.0 mm | [Conventional scan (S&S, S&V)]<br>4-row scan: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8,<br>10 mm<br>1-row scan: 1 mm<br><br>[Volume, Dynamic volume scan]<br>(80-row scan*: 0.5 mm)<br>40-row scan: 0.5 mm and 1 mm<br>4-row scan: 8 mm and 10 mm<br><br>[Helical scan]<br>(80-row scan*: 0.5 mm)<br>40-row scan: 0.5 mm and 1 mm<br>20-row scan: 0.5 mm and 1 mm<br>4-row scan: 0.5 mm | scan protocol.<br>*: Option |
| Image<br>reconstruction time | Up to 30 images/s with AIDR 3D<br>(0.033 s/image)<br><br>Up to 50 images/s with AIDR 3D<br>(0.02 s/image)*1<br><br>Up to 70 images/s with AIDR 3D<br>(0.014 s/image)*2<br><br>Up to 100 images/s with AIDR 3D<br>(0.01 s/image) *3<br><br>(Depending on the scan and<br>reconstruction conditions) | Up to 20 images/s with AIDR 3D<br>(0.05 s/image)<br><br>Up to 50 images/s with AIDR 3D<br>(0.02 s/image) *2<br><br>(Depending on the scan and<br>reconstruction conditions) | *1: When the Fast<br>scan kit (CGS-<br>041A) is installed.<br>*2: Option<br>When the Fast<br>Image<br>Reconstruction kit<br>(CCFR-010A) is<br>installed.<br>*3: When the Fast<br>Image<br>Reconstruction kit<br>(CCFR-010A) and<br>the Fast scan kit<br>(CGS-041A) are<br>installed. |
| Flex e-Tilt | Available | Not Available | |
| | Subject Device | Predicate Device | Comment |
| Device Name,<br>Model Number | Aquilion Serve<br>(TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE-i | Aquilion Lightning<br>(TSX-036A/7) V10.2 with AiCE-i | |
| 510(k) Number | This submission | K201836 | |
| Gantry opening<br>diameter (aperture) | 800 mm in diameter | 780 mm in diameter | |
| Wedge filter types | Three (3) types<br>- Small<br>- Large<br>- SilverBeam Filter* | Two (2) types<br>- Small<br>- Large | *Previously<br>cleared under<br>K213504<br>(TSX-306A) |
| Gantry internal<br>cameras | Available | Not Available | Two cameras<br>mounted inside<br>the system at a<br>90-degree phase<br>difference. |
| Reconstruction<br>functions | Identified as anatomical regions* | Identified as numbered<br>functions | *Previously<br>cleared under<br>K213504<br>(TSX-306A) |
| Noise reduction<br>processing | Adaptive Iterative Dose<br>Reduction 3D (AIDR 3D) | Adaptive Iterative Dose<br>Reduction 3D (AIDR 3D) | |
| | AIDR 3D Enhanced | AIDR 3D Enhanced | |
| | Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ<br>Engine (AiCE) | Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ<br>Engine (AiCE) | |
| | | Quantum Denoising Software<br>(QDS) | |
| NewUX Console* | Available | Not Available | *Previously<br>cleared under<br>K213504<br>(TSX-306A) |
| Display monitor | 27 inch (3840 x 2160) | 19 inch (1280 x 1024) | |
| User Input | Keyboard and Control Pad<br>(Performs scan operation and<br>controls voice messages) | Scan Keyboard | |
| Data processor | CPU : 64-bit<br>Memory size: 64 Gbyte or more | CPU : 64-bit<br>Memory size: 32 Gbyte or more | |
| Window width/level | Controlled and continuously<br>variable using the mouse | Controlled and continuously<br>variable using a speed-sensitive<br>rotary encoder | |
| Preset windows | 1/image | 3/image | |
| Window types | Linear only | Linear and non-linear (6 user-<br>programmable), and double<br>windows | |
| ROI shape available | Point, Circular | Point, square, free-form,<br>circular, polygon | |
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#### 15. SAFETY:
The device is designed and manufactured under the Quality System Regulations as outlined in 21 CFR § 820 and ISO 13485 Standards. This device is in conformance with the applicable parts of the following standards IEC60601-1, IEC60601-1-3, IEC60601-1-6, IEC60601-1-6, IEC60601-1-9, IEC60601-2-28, IEC60601-2-44, IEC60825-1, IEC62304, IEC62366, NEMA XR-26 and NEMA XR-29. Additionally, this device complies with all applicable requirements of the radiation safety performance standards, as outlined in 21 CFR §1010 and §1020.
This device conforms to applicable Performance Standards for lonizing Radiation Emitting Products [21 CFR, Subchapter J, Part 1020]
#### 16. TESTING
Risk analysis and verification/validation activities conducted through bench testing demonstrate that the established specifications for the device have been met.
# Performance Testing - Bench
## Objective IQ Performance Comparison
An image quality metric evaluation comparing performance of the TSX-307A (Aquillon Serve) system relative to the predicate device was conducted. In order to compare the image quality between these two systems, the following image quality performance tests were conducted. It was concluded that the subject device demonstrated equivalent or improved performance, compared to the predicate device, as demonstrated by the results of the above testing.
- 1. Contrast-to-Noise Ratios (CNR)
- 2. CT Number Accuracy
- 3. Uniformity
- Slice Sensitivity Profile (SSP) 4.
- 5. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)-Wire
- 6. Standard Deviation of Noise (SD)
- 7. Noise Power Spectra (NPS)
- 8. Low Contrast Detectability (LCD)
# Image Quality Metric Evaluation
An image quality metric evaluation of Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 reconstructed with AiCE, for the available Body, Body Sharp, Lung, Bone, Inner ear, Brain LCD, Brain CTA and Cardiac modes was conducted and equivalent or improved image quality performance relative to FBP and AIDR 3D was demonstrated. The following image quality performance tests were conducted: Contrast-to-Noise Ratios (CNR), CT Number Accuracy, Uniformity, Slice Sensitivity Profile (SSP), Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)-Wire, Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)-Edge, Standard Deviation of Noise (SD), Noise Power Spectra (NPS), Low Contrast Detectability (LCD), Pediatric.
AiCE Reconstruction for Lung Cancer Screening Image Quality Metric Evaluation The performance of the subject device (Aquilion Serve with AiCE) was compared to the results for the Aquilion ONE / GENESIS Edition with the AAPM lung cancer screening protocol for both a small and a larger sized phantom. Please note the AAPM protocol
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does not use a fixed mA, but rather an automatic exposure setting of 20HU. Therefore, the dose for the predicate device was determined by first establishing the AECpredicated dose for each phantom and then scanning with a fixed technique on the GENESIS based on the result. The nearest fixed technique on the Serve was then scanned. All results were reconstructed with AIDR (FC18 and FC52) as prescribed by the AAPM protocol and were also reconstructed with AiCE DLR Body Sharp and AiCE Lung and FBP FC18.
In order to compare the image quality between AiCE DLR on the Aquilion Serve and Aquilion ONE / GENESIS Edition with AIDR (AAPM protocol), the following image quality performance tests were conducted:
- Contrast-to-Noise Ratios (CNR) 1.
- 2. CT Number Accuracy
- ന് Uniformity
- 4. Slice Sensitivity Profile (SSP)
- 5. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)-Edge
- 6. Standard Deviation of Noise (SD)
- 7. Noise Power Spectra (NPS)
It was concluded that the subject device demonstrated equivalent or improved performance as demonstrated by the results of the above testing.
### Automatic Scan Planning
Volunteer assessment demonstrated that couch movement appropriately positioned volunteers to the selected anatomical region.
### Flex e-Tilt
Image comparison studies were conducted between Flex e-Tilt reconstructed images with the Aquilion Serve versus conventional tilt and MPR (oblique) images utilizing the predicate device, Aquilion Lightning. It was determined that the images were equivalent and there were no significant differences observed.
### Noise Texture
An analysis of the NPS and kurtosis values for FBP, FIRST and AiCE was conducted and the results of the study support the following claims, more natural noise texture compared to FIRST, noise texture as natural as filtered backprojection, and noise texture distinct from MBIR.
### Quantitative Spatial Resolution
A comparison study was conducted, utilizing phantoms, in order to support a quantitative spatial resolution improvement claim of twice the high contrast spatial resolution for AiCE Body at 10% MTF and a 4.1 lp/cm increase in high contrast spatial resolution for AiCE Cardiac at 10% MTF as compared to AIDR reconstruction.
### Quantitative Body LCD and Noise Improvement and Dose Reduction
A phantom study was conducted using the MITA - FDA LCD Body phantom and the results demonstrated improved low contrast detectability at the same dose for AiCE body compared to AIDR, noise reduction with AiCE at the same dose for body compared to AIDR and dose reduction for AiCE Abdomen relative to FBP.
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# 3D Scano Water Equivalence
A comparison phantom study was conducted utilizing a 24cm and 32cm water phantom to demonstrate that both 3D Scano and dual scano produced 24cm and 32cm water equivalent diameters with less than 5% mean absolute error.
# Low Contrast Detectability Evaluation
A phantom study was conducted in order to support claims of low-contrast detectability of 8.8 mGy (0.3%/3 mm) of AIDR3D, and 15.9mGv (0.3% / 2mm) and 8.1mGv (0.3% / 3mm) of AiCE, respectively.
# Performance Testing – Clinical Images
Representative body, cardiac, chest, head, and extremity diagnostic images, reviewed by an American Board-Certified Radiologist, were obtained using the subject device and it was confirmed that the reconstructed images using the subject device were of diagnostic quality.
A summary of the risk analysis and verification/validation testing conducted through bench and clinical testing is included in this submission which demonstrates that the requirements for the system have been met.
Software Documentation for a Moderate Level of Concern, per the FDA guidance document, "Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices Document" issued on May 11, 2005, is included in this submission. This documentation includes justification for the Moderate Level of Concern determination as well as testing which demonstrates that the verification and validation requirements for the modifications described above have been met.
A Software Information Checklist is included at the conclusion of this Executive Summary.
Cybersecurity documentation, per the FDA cybersecurity premarket guidance document "Content of Premarket Submissions for Management of Cybersecurity in Medical Devices " issued on October 2, 2014, is also included as part of this submission.
#### 17. CONCLUSION
The Aquilion Serve (TSX-307A/1) V1.2 with AiCE performs in a manner similar to and is intended for the same use as the predicate device, as indicated in product labeling. Based upon this information, conformance to standards, successful completion of software validation, application of risk management and design controls and the performance data presented in this submission it is concluded that the subject device has demonstrated substantial equivalence to the predicate device and is safe and effective for its intended use.
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.