K221189 · Ltbio Co., Ltd. · ILY · Aug 29, 2022 · Physical Medicine
Device Facts
Record ID
K221189
Device Name
OLIZ LTB-1000A
Applicant
Ltbio Co., Ltd.
Product Code
ILY · Physical Medicine
Decision Date
Aug 29, 2022
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 890.5500
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Therapeutic
Indications for Use
The OLIZ LTB-1000A is intended to deliver heat in the IR spectrum to provide topical heating for the purpose of elevating tissue temperature; for the temporary relief of minor muscle and joint pain, arthritis and muscle spasm; relieving stiffness; promoting the relaxation of muscle tissue; and to temporarily increase local blood circulation.
Device Story
OLIZ LTB-1000A is a shapeable LED panel; fits anatomical contours; uses red (655nm) and near-infrared (850nm) light to elevate tissue temperature; includes soothing vibration function. Device is for over-the-counter (OTC) use; operated by patient. Input is electrical energy from Li-ion batteries; output is thermal energy and vibration. Healthcare providers do not operate device; output is used by patient for self-administered pain relief and muscle relaxation. Benefits include temporary pain relief and improved local circulation.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data. Bench testing only. Performance verified via electrical safety (IEC 60601-1, 60601-1-2, 60601-1-11), software lifecycle (IEC 62304), and biocompatibility (ISO 10993-1, 5, 10) testing. Device surface temperature confirmed < 40°C.
Technological Characteristics
Shapeable LED panel; wavelengths 655nm (red) and 850nm (IR); power source 3.7V Li-ion batteries (1800mA x2); biocompatible materials; vibration function. Standards: IEC 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-11, IEC 62304, ISO 10993-1, ISO 10993-5, ISO 10993-10.
Indications for Use
Indicated for patients requiring topical heating for temporary relief of minor muscle and joint pain, arthritis, muscle spasm, stiffness, and to promote muscle relaxation and increase local blood circulation.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An infrared lamp is a device intended for medical purposes that emits energy at infrared frequencies (approximately 700 nanometers to 50,000 nanometers) to provide topical heating.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). The device, when it is an infrared therapeutic heating lamp, is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 890.9.
{0}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the left is the Department of Health & Human Services logo. To the right of that is the FDA logo, which is a blue square with the letters "FDA" in white. To the right of the blue square is the text "U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION" in blue.
August 29, 2022
LTBIO Co., Ltd. % Jaden Keum Regulatory Affairs Consultant KMC, Inc. Room no. 1709, 123, Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu Seoul, South Korea 08390
Re: K221189
Trade/Device Name: OLIZ LTB-1000A Regulation Number: 21 CFR 890.5500 Regulation Name: Infrared Lamp Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: ILY Dated: May 27, 2022 Received: May 31, 2022
Dear Jaden Keum:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's
{1}------------------------------------------------
requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
for Amber Ballard, PhD Assistant Director DHT5B: Division of Neuromodulation and Physical Medicine Devices OHT5: Office of Neurological and Physical Medicine Devices Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
{2}------------------------------------------------
# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K221189
Device Name OLIZ LTB-1000A
#### Indications for Use (Describe)
The OLIZ LTB-1000A is intended to deliver heat in the IR spectrum to provide topical heating for the purpose of elevating tissue temperature; for the temporary relief of min, arthritis and muscle spasm; relieving stiffness; promoting the relaxation of muscle tissue; and to temporarily increase local blood circulation.
| | | | | Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|--|--|--|--|-------------------------------------------------|--|
| | | | | | |
Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
X Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
#### CONTINUE ON A SEPARATE PAGE IF NEEDED.
This section applies only to requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
#### *DO NOT SEND YOUR COMPLETED FORM TO THE PRA STAFF EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW.*
The burden time for this collection of information is estimated to average 79 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data sources, gather and maintain the data needed and complete and review the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this information collection, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to:
> Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Office of Chief Information Officer Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) Staff PRAStaff(@fda.hhs.gov
"An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB number."
{3}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/3/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for LTBIO. The logo consists of a colorful, abstract shape on the left, resembling a wave or a stylized leaf, transitioning from orange to blue. To the right of the shape, the text "LTBIO" is written in a bold, sans-serif font, with the letters in a dark blue color. The logo appears to be for a biotechnology or life sciences company.
# 510(k) SUMMARY - K221189
This summary of 510(k) –safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with requirements of 21 CFR Part 807.92.
Date: August 29, 2022
## 1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Submitter Information
- . Submitter Name: LTBIO Co., Ltd.
- . Address
- : 1058, B-dong, Seongnam SKV1 Tower, 14, Galmachi-ro 288beon-gil, Jungwon-
- gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13201, Republic of Korea
- . Telephone Number: +82-31-608-1058 . Fax: +82-31-608-1060
#### 1.2 Contact Person
- . Name: Jaden Keum (Consultant / KMC, Inc.)
- Address: Rm. No. 1709, 123, Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, 08390, Republic of Korea .
- . Telephone Number: +82-70-8965-5554 . Fax: +82-2-2672-0579
- . E-mail: js.keum@kmcerti.com
# 2. DEVICE INFORMATION
- 2.1 Trade/Device Name: OLIZ LTB-1000A
- 2.2 Regulation Number: 21CFR 890.5500
- 2.3 Device Common Name: Infrared lamp
- 2.4 Regulation Name: Infrared Lamp
- 2.5 Product Code: ILY
- 2.6 Device Class: Class II
- 2.7 Review Panel: Physical Medicine
{4}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/4/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for "LTBIO". The logo consists of a stylized, abstract shape on the left, resembling a wave or ribbon, with colors transitioning from orange to blue. To the right of the shape, the text "LTBIO" is displayed in a bold, sans-serif font. The "LT" is in blue, matching the blue in the abstract shape, while the "BIO" is in a darker gray or black color.
## 3. PREDICATE DEVICE
| Manufacturer | BioPhotas |
|--------------------------|-----------|
| Device Name (Trade Name) | Celluma3 |
| 510(k) Number | K152280 |
## 4. DEVICE DESCRIPTION
The OLIZ LTB-1000A is a highly shapeable LED panel designed to fit the contours of the target areas of the anatomy, covered with biocompatible material, which uses specific wavelengths of light. OLIZ LTB-1000A produces light in the near infrared region of the spectrum (850nm) intended to provide topical heating for temporary pain relief. This device provides a soothing vibration function for the purpose of enhancing the user's satisfaction.
# 5. INDICATIONS FOR USE
The OLIZ LTB-1000A is intended to deliver heat in the IR spectrum to provide topical heating for the purpose of elevating tissue temperature; for the temporary relief of minor muscle and joint pain, arthritis and muscle spasm; relieving stiffness; promoting relaxation of muscle tissue; and to temporarily increase local blood circulation.
# 6. COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE PREDICATE DEVICES
| Feature | Proposed Device<br>LTBIO OLIZ LTB-1000A<br>K221189 | Predicate Device<br>BioPhotas Celluma3<br>K152280 | Analysis of<br>Technological<br>Differences |
|---------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Regulation No. | 21CFR§890.5500,<br>Infrared Lamp | 21CFR§890.5500,<br>Infrared Lamp | Same |
| Product Code | ILY | ILY, OHS, OLP | Same as<br>predicate device<br>except for<br>product codes<br>OHS and OLP<br>which are<br>regarding acne<br>and wrinkle<br>features that our<br>products do not<br>have. Thus this<br>difference<br>doesn't affect<br>the safety and<br>effectiveness. |
| Indications for<br>use | The OLIZ LTB-1000A is<br>intended to deliver heat in the | The BioPhotas Celluma3 is<br>intended to deliver heat in | Same as<br>predicate device |
| Feature | Proposed Device<br>LTBIO OLIZ LTB-1000A<br>K221189 | Predicate Device<br>BioPhotas Celluma3<br>K152280 | Analysis of<br>Technological<br>Differences |
| | IR spectrum to provide<br>topical heating for the<br>purpose of elevating tissue<br>temperature; for the<br>temporary relief of minor<br>muscle and joint pain,<br>arthritis and muscle spasm;<br>relieving stiffness; promoting<br>the relaxation of muscle<br>tissue; and to temporarily<br>increase local blood<br>circulation. | the IR spectrum to provide<br>topical heating for the<br>purpose of elevating tissue<br>temperature; for the<br>temporary relief of minor<br>muscle and joint pain,<br>arthritis and muscle spasm;<br>relieving stiffness;<br>promoting the relaxation of<br>muscle tissue; and to<br>temporarily increase local<br>blood circulation. The blue<br>spectrum light is intended to<br>reduce mild to moderate<br>inflammatory acne vulgaris.<br>The Celluma3 is intended to<br>emit energy in the red and<br>infrared spectrum for use in<br>dermatology for the<br>treatment of periorbital<br>wrinkles. | except acne<br>vulgaris and<br>wrinkles<br>function. |
| Mechanism of<br>Action | Use of red light for elevating<br>tissue temperature and IR<br>light. | Use of visible blue light in<br>treatment of acne, red light<br>for elevating tissue<br>temperature and IR light in<br>improving appearance of<br>periorbital wrinkles. | Same as<br>predicate device<br>except acne<br>vulgaris and<br>wrinkles<br>function. |
| Maximum device<br>surface temperature | Less than 40°C | Not publicly available | - |
| Wavelengths | 655nm, 850nm | 465nm, 640nm, 880nm | Predicate device<br>includes blue<br>light for acne<br>treatment not<br>available in the<br>subject device. |
| Electrical power | Use Li-ion batteries<br>(3.7v_1800mA x2) | 110 - 120 V | This difference<br>does not affect<br>the performance<br>of the product,<br>and the safety<br>has been proven<br>by IEC 60601-1 |
| Treatment | | | |
| | 15 min. Twice a day<br>(Total 210 min. per week) | 3 times a week for 30 min.<br>4 weeks<br>(Total 90 min. per week) | This difference<br>does not affect<br>the performance<br>and safety of the<br>product when<br>following the<br>recommended<br>usage times. |
| Electrical Safety | IEC 60601-1 & collateral<br>standards | IEC 60601-1 & collateral<br>standards | Same |
| Use | OTC | OTC | Same |
{5}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/5/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for LTBIO. The logo consists of a stylized swoosh in orange and blue, followed by the text "LTBIO" in blue and black. The swoosh is on the left side of the logo, and the text is on the right.
{6}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/6/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for LTBIO. The logo consists of a stylized swoosh in blue and orange on the left, followed by the text "LTBIO" in blue and black. The "LT" is in blue, while the "BIO" is in black.
{7}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/7/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for LTBIO. The logo consists of a stylized, abstract shape on the left, resembling a curved wave or ribbon, transitioning from orange to blue. To the right of this shape are the letters "LTBIO" in a combination of blue and black. The "LT" is in blue, while the "BIO" is in black.
## 7. PERFORMANCE Data
### 7.1 Non-Clinical performance test comparing with predicate device
The test results along with the comparison discussion to the predicate device demonstrated that the OLIZ LTB-1000A has met the system requirements. Also, according to the performance test, the
device surface temperature is less than 40 ℃. The proposed device presented similar technological specifications to the presented predicate devices and therefore, is substantially equivalent to the predicate devices.
## 7.2 Bench test
Performance testing of the OLIZ LTB-1000A was conducted to verify that the device met all design specifications. The test results demonstrate that the OLIZ LTB-1000A complies with all requirements, including international and FDA-recognized consensus standards:
EN/IEC 60601-1 (FDA #19-4) Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance
EN/IEC 60601-1-2 (FDA #19-8) Medical electrical equipment -Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral standard: Electromagnetic disturbances -Requirements and tests
EN/IEC 60601-1-11 (FDA #19-14) Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-11: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance – Collateral Standard: Requirements for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems used in the home healthcare environment
EN/IEC 62304 (FDA #13-79) Medical device software - Software life cycle processes
ISO 10993-1 (FDA #2-258) Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process
ISO 10993-5 (FDA #2-245) Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity
ISO 10993-10 (FDA #2-174) Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 10: Tests for irritation and skin sensitization
#### 7.3 Clinical performance
Not applicable
#### 8. CONCLUSION
#### Substantial Equivalence:
The indications for use and technological characteristics of the OLIZ LTB-1000A are substantially equivalent to the indications for use and technological characteristics of the predicate device. The design and components in the OLIZ LTB-1000A are similar to predicate Celluma 3. The differences do not negatively affect the safety or efficacy of the device as supported by the results of the performance tests. The performance specifications of the OLIZ LTB-1000A are substantially equivalent to those in the predicate device. The safety features and compliance with safety standards
{8}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/8/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for LT BIO. The logo consists of a stylized wave-like graphic in shades of orange and blue, followed by the text "LTBIO" in a combination of blue and gray. The "LT" is in blue, while the "BIO" is in gray.
in the OLIZ LTB-1000A are similar to the safety features and compliance with safety standards found in the predicate device. Patient contact materials were partly modified and tested for biocompatibility. Any differences in the technological characteristics do not raise new safety or effectiveness concerns. Consequently, it can be concluded that the OLIZ LTB-1000A is substantially equivalent to the predicate device, cleared under 510(k) K152280.
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.