K171215 · Quality IN Flow , Ltd. · LGZ · Sep 27, 2017 · General Hospital
Device Facts
Record ID
K171215
Device Name
QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer
Applicant
Quality IN Flow , Ltd.
Product Code
LGZ · General Hospital
Decision Date
Sep 27, 2017
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 880.5725
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Therapeutic
Indications for Use
The QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer device is intended for warming blood, blood products, and intravenous fluids prior to administration. It is intended to be used by healthcare professionals in hospitals, clinics and field environments, to help prevent hypothermia.
Device Story
Portable, inline blood and fluid warmer; used in hospitals, clinics, and field environments by healthcare professionals. System consists of a Base Unit (BU) with rechargeable battery, firmware, and electronics; a sterile, single-use Disposable Unit (DU) containing a spiral stainless steel heat exchanger; and a connecting cable. Device placed between fluid container and patient. BU controls heating process and outflow temperature (set point 38 ± 2 °C) via resistive heating. Provides visual/audio notifications for overheat, under-heat, low battery, and flow irregularities. Safety features include system self-test, overheat cut-off, and battery under-voltage protection. Prevents hypothermia by delivering normothermic fluids; helps maintain patient temperature during surgery or emergency care.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. No clinical data provided. Performance testing verified the device warms plasma to the set point of 38 ± 2 °C. No studies were performed to evaluate the effects on clotting factors in plasma products.
Technological Characteristics
Portable inline warmer; resistive heating. Components: Base Unit (electronics, firmware, rechargeable battery) and sterile Disposable Unit (plastic oval box, spiral stainless steel heat exchanger, PVC tubing). Heat insulation via expanded polypropylene (EPP) box. Flow rate up to 160–180 ml/min. Dimensions: BU 235x160x75 mm; DU 210x160x45 mm. Operating conditions: 41°F–104°F, 15%–93% RH. Altitude: -1312 to 15,000 ft.
Indications for Use
Indicated for warming blood, blood products, and intravenous fluids prior to administration in patients requiring normothermic fluid introduction during medical emergencies or surgeries. Intended for use by healthcare professionals in hospitals, clinics, and field environments.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An infusion pump is a device used in a health care facility to pump fluids into a patient in a controlled manner. The device may use a piston pump, a roller pump, or a peristaltic pump and may be powered electrically or mechanically. The device may also operate using a constant force to propel the fluid through a narrow tube which determines the flow rate. The device may include means to detect a fault condition, such as air in, or blockage of, the infusion line and to activate an alarm.
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## 510(k) SUMMARY - K171215 Quality in Flow's QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer
Manufacturer: Quality in Flow Ltd.
Phone: (972) (54) 6600146 Contact Person: Neta Sherman
Date Prepared: September 26, 2017
#### Subject Device
Name of Device- QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer Common Name- QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer Regulation Number- 21 C.F.R 880.5725 Regulation Name- Infusion pump Regulatory class- class II Product Code LGZ, BSB Classification Panel- General Hospital
#### Predicate Device
510(k) Number- K163708 Name of Device- QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer Common Name- QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer Regulation Number- 21 C.F.R 880.5725 Requlation Name- Infusion pump Regulatory class- class II Product Code LGZ, BSB Classification Panel- General Hospital
#### Indications for Use
The QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer device is intended for warming blood, blood products, and intravenous fluids prior to administration. It is intended to be used by healthcare professionals in hospitals, clinics and field environments, to help prevent hypothermia.
#### Description
The Quality in Flow QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer is a portable sterile Fluid Path, in-line Blood and Fluid Warmer.
The QiF device is composed of the following main components:
- 1. Disposable Unit (DU) The disposable cartridge is made of a plastic oval box encasing a spiral Stainless Steel (SS) heat exchanger tube. The DU is located between the fluid container (intravenous solution or blood product) and the treated patient, outside of the
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patient body. The DU has a standard intravenous tube extension. The DU comprises the temperature sensors.
- 2. Base Unit (BU) The BU controls the performance of the system and the outflow fluid temperature. The power source is a rechargeable detachable battery located within the BU: the BU contains firmware (SW) and electronics (HW).
- 3. Connecting Cable (CC) a cable consisting of data and power wires connects between the BU and the DU to facilitate the transfer of data and electrical current.
## Purpose of 510(k)
The purpose of this 510(k) is to replace the contraindication against plasma warming with the QiF device with a precaution statement.
#### Performance Data
Performance tests were performed in order to demonstrate that the device has equivalent performance to its predicate. Specifically, testing was conducted to verify that the QiF device will warm plasma to the device set point temperature (38 ± 2 °C; 98.6±3.6°F).
In all instances, the device functioned as intended and demonstrated equivalent performance. Studies have not been performed to evaluate the effects on clotting factors in plasma products following warming with the QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer.
#### Technological Characteristics
The QiF Blood and Fluid is not changed, thus it has identical technological characteristics as the predicate QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer.
The QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer is a portable, inline Blood and Fluid Warmer located between the fluid container (intravenous solution or blood product) and the treated patient, outside of the patient body. The device is comprised of a Base Unit (BU) and a sterile disposable cartridge (Disposable Unit). The Disposable Unit is composed of a plastic oval box encasing a spiral stainless steel heat exchanger tube. The Base Unit contains Firmware (software) and electronics (HW). The Base Unit controls the performance of the system and the fluid outflow temperature. The power source is a rechargeable detachable battery located within the Base Unit. The DU has a standard intravenous tube extension.
#### Substantial Equivalence
An SE Table is presented below:
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| | Quality in Flow – QiF<br>Blood and Fluid Warmer<br>model 01 [Subject] | Quality in Flow – QiF<br>Blood and Fluid Warmer<br>model 01 [K163708] | SE Justification |
|----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| Indications for Use | Intended for warming<br>blood, blood products, and<br>intravenous fluids prior to<br>administration. It is<br>intended to be used by<br>healthcare professionals in<br>hospitals, clinics and field<br>environments, to help<br>prevent hypothermia. | Intended for warming<br>blood, blood products, and<br>intravenous fluids prior to<br>administration. It is<br>intended to be used by<br>healthcare professionals in<br>hospital, clinics and field<br>environments, to help<br>prevent hypothermia. | Same |
| Intended use | Medical emergencies or<br>surgeries where warm fluid<br>administration is required<br>to treat the patient.<br><br>Whenever parenteral<br>introduction of<br>normothermic fluid are<br>desired or indicated | Medical emergencies or<br>surgeries where warm fluid<br>administration is required<br>to treat the patient.<br><br>Whenever parenteral<br>introduction of<br>normothermic fluid are<br>desired or indicated | Same |
| Fluids that Can be<br>Warmed | IV Fluids, Blood, Blood<br>Products | IV Fluids, Blood, Blood<br>Products | Same |
| Components | Warmer with display and a<br>sterile, disposable heat<br>exchanger | Warmer with display and a<br>sterile, disposable heat<br>exchanger | Same |
| Safety Features | • System self-test<br>• Overheat notification<br>• Overheat cut-off<br>• Battery under-voltage<br>protection (cut-off) | • System self-test<br>• Overheat notification<br>• Overheat cut-off<br>• Battery under-voltage<br>protection (cut-off) | Same |
| Notification Types | • Overheat<br>• Under heat<br>• Low battery<br>• Flow irregularity | • Overheat<br>• Under heat<br>• Low battery<br>• Flow irregularity | Same |
| User Interface /<br>Notifications | • Visual (LCD display)<br>and audio<br>• Self-test/mute button<br>• On/off switch | • Visual (LCD display)<br>and audio<br>• Self-test/mute button<br>• On/off switch | Same |
| Power Source | Rechargeable Battery | Rechargeable Battery | Same |
| Infusion temp. | $38±2°C$ | $38±2°C$ | Same |
| Heating Method | Resistive heating | Resistive heating | Same |
| | Quality in Flow – QiF<br>Blood and Fluid Warmer<br>model 01 [Subject] | Quality in Flow – QiF<br>Blood and Fluid Warmer<br>model 01 [K163708] | SE Justification |
| Fluid Path | Located within the sterile<br>disposable cartridges<br>(DU).<br>Spiral stainless steel tube<br>and a short segment of a<br>PVC tube<br>The tube serves as the<br>conductor of electrical<br>current. | Located within the sterile<br>disposable cartridges<br>(DU).<br>Spiral stainless steel tube<br>and a short segment of a<br>PVC tube<br>The tube serves as the<br>conductor of electrical<br>current. | Same |
| Flow Rate | Based on gravity or fluid<br>pump, up to 160 – 180<br>ml/min | Based on gravity or fluid<br>pump, up to 160 – 180<br>ml/min | Same |
| Software | The software control the<br>heating process and the<br>operation of the device | The software control the<br>heating process and the<br>operation of the device | Same |
| Biocompatibility | The fluid path is made of<br>biocompatible Stainless<br>Steel, PVC and luer<br>connections | The fluid path is made of<br>biocompatible Stainless<br>Steel, PVC and luer<br>connections | Same |
| Sterility | The disposable unit is<br>provided sterile for single<br>patient use | The disposable unit is<br>provided sterile for single<br>patient use | Same |
| Single Use or Reusable | Single Use | Single Use | Same |
| Shelf Life | DU shelf life - 3 years | DU shelf life - 3 years | Same |
| Storage conditions | -4°F to 140°F & 93% RH<br>and compliance to -22°F to<br>158°F | -4°F to 140°F & 93% RH<br>and compliance to -22°F to<br>158°F | Same |
| Operating conditions | 41°F &15%RH to 104°F &<br>93% RH and compliance<br>with 23°F to 104°F | 41°F &15%RH to 104°F &<br>93% RH and compliance<br>with 23°F to 104°F | Same |
| Altitude | -1312 to 15,000ft | -1312 to 15,000 ft | Same |
| Dimensions of Base<br>Unit with Battery | Approximately 235x160x75<br>mm (9.25x6.5x2.9 in) | Approximately 235x160x75<br>mm (9.25x6.5x2.9 in) | Same |
| Dimensions of<br>Disposable Unit in<br>sterile bag | DU:<br>Approximately<br>210x160x45mm<br>(8.3x 6.5x1.8 in) | DU:<br>Approximately<br>210x160x45mm<br>(8.3x 6.5x1.8 in) | Same |
| Warmer Type | Inline warmer | Inline warmer | Same |
| | Quality in Flow – QiF<br>Blood and Fluid Warmer<br>model 01 [Subject] | Quality in Flow – QiF<br>Blood and Fluid Warmer<br>model 01 [K163708] | SE Justification |
| Heat Insulation | Yes: the heat exchanger is<br>encased within an<br>expanded polypropylene<br>(EPP) oval box to prevent<br>any contact between the<br>user and warm tube<br>intended to provide<br>thermal and electrical<br>isolation between the<br>device and the user. | Yes: the heat exchanger is<br>encased within an<br>expanded polypropylene<br>(EPP) oval box to prevent<br>any contact between the<br>user and warm tube<br>intended to provide<br>thermal and electrical<br>isolation between the<br>device and the user. | Same |
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# Conclusions
The QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer is substantially equivalent to the predicate device.
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Image /page/5/Picture/2 description: The image shows the logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo consists of two parts: a circular seal on the left and a symbol on the right. The seal contains the text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" arranged in a circular fashion. The symbol on the right features a stylized depiction of three human profiles facing right, with the profiles overlapping each other.
Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
September 27, 2017
Quality In Flow Ltd. % John Smith Partner Hogan Lovells US LLP 555 Thirteenth St. NW Washington, District of Columbia 20004
Re: K171215
Trade/Device Name: QiF Blood and Fluid Warmer Regulation Number: 21 CFR 880.5725 Regulation Name: Infusion Pump Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: LGZ, BSB Dated: April 25, 2017 Received: April 25, 2017
Dear John Smith:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
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Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting (reporting of medical devicerelated adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm.
Sincerely,
Tina Kiang, Ph.D. Acting Director Division of Anesthesiology. General Hospital, Respiratory, Infection Control, and Dental Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.