K132605 · Math Resolutions, LLC · IYE · Nov 14, 2013 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K132605
Device Name
DOSIMETRY CHECK VERSION 4 RELEASE 1
Applicant
Math Resolutions, LLC
Product Code
IYE · Radiology
Decision Date
Nov 14, 2013
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.5050
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Software as a Medical Device
Indications for Use
Dosimetry Check is a standalone software product intended to be used by an experienced radiological physicist for quality control purposes only. Dosimetry Check is intended to check the correctness of x-ray treatment plans delivered from high energy charged-particle radiation therapy treatment machines by using a measurement of the applied radiation fields that are planned to be or have been applied to a patient, and computing the dose to the patient from the measured radiation fields. This product is to be used as a quality control check for the treatment planning system and delivery system. Dosimetry Check quality control software uses the radiation fields that are measured with media such as x-ray film, electronic portal imaging devices (EPID), diode or ion chamber arrays, or in the case of TomoTherapy, a fan line detector array, and provides a theoretical calculation. Dosimetry Check computes the dose and dose distribution using the patient specific CT or other image set or alternately a phantom that is likewise scanned. to calculate the reconstructed dose that is then compared to the plan dose. The results reported can include the computed percent difference at specific points as compared to the patient specific radiation treatment plan. Dosimetry Check does not provide any conclusions regarding the comparisons and does not provide any criteria to be used for interpreting the results. The experienced radiological physicist can reevaluate his patient specific radiation treatment plan in accordance with his clinical judgment.
Device Story
Dosimetry Check v4.1 is standalone software for radiological physicists to verify radiation therapy treatment plans. Input: measured radiation field data (x-ray film, EPID, diode/ion chamber arrays, or TomoTherapy fan beam detector) and patient-specific CT/image sets. Operation: software computes reconstructed dose distribution from measured fields and compares it to the planned dose. For TomoTherapy, it processes fan beam intensity data captured at control points, applying a longitudinal profile to generate a field map for dose integration. Output: computed dose distribution and percent difference at specific points. Used in clinical settings to provide a final 'sanity check' of treatment delivery. Does not provide clinical conclusions or interpretation criteria; physicist uses results to reevaluate treatment plans. Benefits: provides independent quality assurance of treatment planning and delivery systems.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical trials; external validation performed at two European and three US sites. Beta testing confirmed the software's ability to compute dose from TomoTherapy detector data as a quality tool. Non-clinical testing included modular, regression, and performance verification.
Technological Characteristics
Standalone software; runs on Windows XP/Vista/7 and Linux (Ubuntu 9.04). Requires OpenGL-capable graphics card (24-bit true color, depth buffer). Supports stereoscopic 3D displays via Nvidia Quadro FX cards. Connectivity: imports exported radiation field files. Algorithm: theoretical dose reconstruction based on measured radiation field maps.
Indications for Use
Indicated for use by experienced radiological physicists to perform quality control checks on high-energy charged-particle radiation therapy treatment plans. Applicable to patients undergoing radiation therapy where treatment fields are measured via x-ray film, EPID, diode/ion chamber arrays, or TomoTherapy fan line detector arrays. Not for use as a treatment planning system; does not verify field alignment with patient anatomy.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A medical charged-particle radiation therapy system is a device that produces by acceleration high energy charged particles (e.g., electrons and protons) intended for use in radiation therapy. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, treatment planning computer programs, component parts, and accessories.
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K132605
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# 510(k) Summary for Dosimetry Check Version 4 Release 1
| Submitter's Name | Math Resolutions, LLC |
|-----------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Address | 5975 Gales Lane<br>Columbia, MD USA 21045 |
| Establishment<br>Registration<br>Number | 1833314 |
| Date of Summary | September 17, 2013 |
| Telephone<br>Number | (410) 997-9578 |
| Email | WDRenner@MathResolutions.com |
| Contact Person | Wendel Dean Renner |
| Name of the<br>Device | Dosimetry Check version 4 release 1 |
| Common or Usual<br>Name | Standalone Software Quality Control System |
| Classification<br>Name | Quality Control for Medical Charged-particle Radiation Therapy Systems. 21 CFR<br>892.5050 |
| Indications for<br>Use | Dosimetry Check is a standalone software product intended to be used by an<br>experienced radiological physicist for quality control purposes only. Dosimetry<br>Check is intended to check the correctness of x-ray treatment plans delivered from<br>high energy charged-particle radiation therapy treatment machines by using a<br>measurement of the applied radiation fields that are planned to be or have been<br>applied to a patient, and computing the dose to the patient from the measured<br>radiation fields. This product is to be used as a quality control check for the<br>treatment planning system and delivery system.<br><br>Dosimetry Check quality control software uses the radiation fields that are<br>measured with media such as x-ray film, electronic portal imaging devices (EPID),<br>diode or ion chamber arrays, or in the case of TomoTherapy, a fan line detector<br>array, and provides a theoretical calculation. Dosimetry Check computes the dose<br>and dose distribution using the patient specific CT or other image set or alternately<br>a phantom that is likewise scanned. to calculate the reconstructed dose that is then<br>compared to the plan dose. The results reported can include the computed percent<br>difference at specific points as compared to the patient specific radiation treatment<br>plan.<br><br>Dosimetry Check does not provide any conclusions regarding the comparisons and<br>does not provide any criteria to be used for interpreting the results. The<br>experienced radiological physicist can reevaluate his patient specific radiation<br>treatment plan in accordance with his clinical judgment. |
| | NOV 1 4 2013 |
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Indications for Use This product is not a treatment planning system and is not to be used as onc. cont.
> This product only checks the applied dose based on the measurement of each x-ray field applied to the patient and provided in an exported file, and a theoretical calculation. This product does not provide any quality assurance that the fields are in fact correctly applied to and correctly aligned with the patient anatomy as planned. In addition. the product may be used to display the above dose on other fused image sets which could provide additional supportive quality information to the user regarding the correctness of treatment.
| Identification of the<br>Legally Marketed<br>Device (Predicate<br>Device) | Dosimetry Check version 3 release 1, K101503 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Device<br>Description | System 2100 for which 510(k) K993530 was cleared by the FDA on<br>December 15, 1999 that is a medical image display system serves as a<br>foundation that provides basic image display functionality for Dosimetry<br>Check. |
| | Dosimetry Check is a software program that will compute the dose and<br>dose distribution to the patient from a measurement of the radiation fields<br>that are applied to the patient. The dose so computed serves as a means<br>to verify the correctness of the radiation treatment and to serve as a final<br>sanity check. The radiation fields are measured with media such as x-ray<br>film or electronic devices that will measure over the area of the field,<br>such as electronic portal imaging devices (EPID), or diode or ion<br>chamber arrays. |
To extend Dosmetry Check to support the TomoTherapy machine, the device uses the data measured by the fan beam radiation detector that is part of the TomoTherapy machine. The detectors capture the radiation intensity periodically at predetermined gantry angles and couch positions. known as control points, from the treatment plan. The detector only measures the intensity across the center of the radiation beam in the transverse plane. A prior measured profile in the perpendicular longitudinal direction is then applied to complete the radiation field map. The radiation field map is then applied as a stationary beam at the center gantry angle and couch position for the integration period (between two control points), from which the dose to the patient is computed. The patient dose is then summed up from all such radiation field maps.
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## Intended Use for Predicate Device: Dosimetry Check version 3 release 1
Dosimetry Check with Exit Dose is a software program intended to provide a means for testing the dosimetry of radiation therapy treatments applied to a patient using high energy x-rays. This test is performed from measurements made during treatment of the patient by measuring the radiation fields after they have passed through the patient with a suitable imaging device such as an electronic portal imaging device or other measuring devices or media. The following software functions are then performed:
- I. The patient's CT scan treatment plan image set is traced to provide the water equivalent path to points on the measured exit dose plane.
- 2. A deconvolution process is performed with a kernel that is a function of radius and the thickness transversed to convert the exit images back to x-ray intensity in air fluence prior to patient entry. The kernel is derived prior from phantom measurements with the same imaging device or media.
- 3. The derived in air fluence is now the same starting point as when the radiation fields are measured directly prior to patient entry.
### Intended Use for Modified Device: Dosimetry Check version 4 release 1
Dosimetry Check is a standalone software product intended to be used by an experienced radiological physicist for quality control purposes only. Dosimetry Check is intended to check the correctness of xray treatment plans delivered from high energy charged-particle radiation therapy treatment machines by using a measurement of the applied radiation fields that are planned to be or have been applied to a patient, and computing the dose to the patient from the measured radiation fields. This product is to be used as a quality control check for the treatment planning system and delivery system.
Dosimetry Check quality control software uses the radiation fields that are measured with media such as x-ray film, electronic portal imaging devices (EPID), diode or ion chamber arrays, or in the case of TomoTheraov, a fan line detector arrav, and provides a theoretical calculation. Dosimetry Check computes the dose and dose distribution using the patient specific CT or other image set or alternately a phantom that is likewise scanned, to calculate the reconstructed dose that is then compared to the plan dose. The results reported can include the computed percent difference at specific points as compared to the patient specific radiation treatment plan.
Dosimetry Check does not provide any conclusions regarding the comparisons and does not provide any criteria to be used for interpreting the results. The experienced radiological physicist can reevaluate his patient specific radiation treatment plan in accordance with his clinical judgment.
This product is not a treatment planning system and is not to be used as one. This product only checks the applied dose based on the measurement of each x-ray field applied to the patient and provided in an exported file, and a theoretical calculation. This product does not provide any quality assurance that the fields are in fact correctly applied to and correctly aligned with the patient anatomy as planned. In addition, the product may be used to display the above dose on other fused image sets which could provide additional supportive quality information to the user regarding the correctness of treatment.
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## Device Comparison Table
·
| Features | Predicate<br>Dosimetry Check<br>version 3 release 1<br>K101503 | Modified Device<br>Dosimetry Check<br>version 4 release 1<br>K132605 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pre-treatment images | Yes | Yes |
| Exit images | Yes | Yes |
| Compute dose to patient | Yes | Yes |
| Compare to planning system dose | Yes | Yes |
| Used for verifying the correctness of radiation therapy<br>treatments | Yes | Yes |
| Uses a line in the transverse plane through the radiation<br>field measurement provided to Dosimetry Check. A prior<br>measured longitudinal profile is applied to each detector<br>signal to complete the radiation field. | No | Yes |
| Generates a report as described in the Dosimetry Check<br>manual using either the auto-report feature, or the user<br>may construct their own report using the evaluate tools. | Yes | Yes |
| Installed by downloading the software from the Math<br>Resolutions web site at<br>http://www.mathresolutions.com/downlprg.htm | Yes | Yes |
| Photons (x-ray) | Yes | Yes |
| Electrons | No | No |
| Protons | No | No |
| Ability to use the TomoTherapy detector data measured in<br>a pretreatment dry run without the patient and the detector<br>data taken during treatment | No | Yes |
| Operating Systems | Microsoft Windows XP.<br>Windows Vista. Windows<br>7. and Ubuntu 9.04<br>(Linux) | Microsoft Windows XP.<br>Windows Vista. Windows<br>7. and Ubuntu 9.04 (Linux) |
| Hardware needed but not provided | Open GL capable<br>graphics card is required<br>with 24 true color and a<br>depth buffer. For added<br>stereoscoptic three<br>dimensional displays, an<br>Nvidia Quadro fx card<br>that supports stereo is<br>needed with a single<br>monitor capable of 120<br>Hertz refresh rate or the<br>Planar Mirror System<br>with two monitors | Open GL capable graphics<br>card is required with 24<br>true color and a depth<br>buffer. For added<br>stereoscoptic three<br>dimensional displays, an<br>Nvidia Quadro fx card that<br>supports stereo is needed<br>with a single monitor<br>capable of 120 Hertz<br>refresh rate or the Planar<br>Mirror System with two<br>monitors |
.
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K132605
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Description and Conclusion of Testing
## Nonclinical Testing:
Nonclinical testing included modular testing, regression testing, verification of the risk control measures implemented in the software, verification of successful installation and performance testing.
## External Validation:
The external validation was performed at two (2) sites in Europe, three (3) sites in the US. All aspects of using Dosimetry Check for quality control for TomoTherapy were tested during the beta testing. The conclusions of the beta test results submitted demonstrated the safety and performance of the Dosimetry Check software for its intended use and that it can be used by its intended users to compute the dose from the TomoTherapy detector as a quality tool for radiation treatments on that machine.
## Conclusion:
The successful non-clinical testing and external validation demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of the Dosimetry Check Version 4 Release 1 when used for the defined indications for use and demonstrates that the device for which this 510(k) is submitted performs as well as or better than the legally marketed predicate device.
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#### DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
November 14, 2013
Math Resolutions, LLC % Mr. Wendel Dean Renner President 5975 Gales Lane COLUMBIA MD 21045
Re: K132605
Trade/Device Name: Dosimetry Check Version 4 Release 1 Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.5050 Regulation Name: Medical Charged-particle radiation therapy system Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: IYE Dated: Sep. 17, 2013 Received: Sep. 24, 2013
Dear Mr. Renner:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into cither class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA). it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must or any I outlar Bither Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting (reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set
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Page 2 - Mr. Renner
forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its tollfree number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Resources/orYou/Industrv/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Satety/ReportalProblem/default.html for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638 2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Resourcesfor You/Industry/default.htm.
Sincerely yours,
Richard D. O'Hara
Janine M. Morris Director, Division of Radiological Health Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health Center for Devices and Radiological Health
for
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known): K132605
Device Name: Dosimetry Check Version 4 Release 1
Indications for Use:
Dosimetry Check is a standalone software product intended to be used by an experienced radiological physicist for quality control purposes only. Dosimetry Check is intended to check the correctness of x-ray treatment plans delivered from high energy charged-particle radiation therapy treatment machines by using a measurement of the applied radiation fields that are planned to be or have been applied to a patient, and computing the dose to the palient from the measured radiation fields. This product is to be used as a quality control check for the treatment planning system and delivery system.
Dosimetry Check quality control software uses the radiation fields that are measured with media such as x-ray film, electronic portal imaging devices (EPID), diode or ion chamber arrays, or in the case of TomoTherapy, a fan line detector array, and provides a theoretical calculation. Dosimetry Check computes the dose and dose distribution using the patient specific computed tomography (CT) or other image set or alternately a phantom that is likewise scanned, to calculate the reconstructed dose that is then compared to the plan dose. The results reported can include the computed percent difference at specific point as compared to the patient specific radiation treatment plan.
This product is not a treatment planning system and is not to be used as one. This product only checks the This produce is not a treatinon planning by each x-ray field applied to the patient and provided in an apported file, and a theoretical calculation. This product does not provide any quality assurance that the caported inc. and a theirenen and correctly aligned with the patient anatomy as planned. In nelds are in and correctly approc to display the above dose on other fused image sets which could addition, the product may be asse to anspire in the user regarding the correctness of treatment.
× Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
.
AND/OR
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 807 Subpart C)
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health (OIR)
Michael D. Oliva
(Division Sign-off)
Division of Radiological Health Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health (OIR) K 132605 210(k)
Page 1 of 1
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.