K132320 · Philips Medizinsysteme Boeblingen GmbH, Cardiac AN · BZQ · Mar 26, 2014 · Anesthesiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K132320
Device Name
INTELLIVUE CL RESPIRATION POD
Applicant
Philips Medizinsysteme Boeblingen GmbH, Cardiac AN
Product Code
BZQ · Anesthesiology
Decision Date
Mar 26, 2014
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 868.2375
Device Class
Class 2
Attributes
Real-World Evidence
Real-World Evidence
Submission
Device
Sponsor
RWD Sources
RWE Use Summary
Key Tags
K132320 · Mar 26, 2014
INTELLIVUE CL RESPIRATION POD
Philips Medizinsysteme Boeblingen GmbH, Cardiac AN
Retrospective clinical patient signal data set
A retrospective clinical data set was used to perform a Bland-Altman statistical comparison between the modified device and the predicate device to validate algorithm changes.
Predicate device (IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod K122223)
Respiration rate and pulse rate accuracy
Indications for Use
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is indicated for use by health care professionals whenever there is a need for intermittent or spot-check acquisition and monitoring of physiological patient parameters respiration rate and pulse rate wirelessly in specific hospital areas. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is mainly indicated for use in general medical and surgery wards and in waiting areas of emergency rooms. It is not indicated for use in hospital areas in which continuous patient monitoring is needed, such as intensive care units or operating rooms. The intended use of the IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod when used together with a patient monitor is for intermittent or spot-check monitoring and recording of, and to generate alarms for, respiration rate and pulse rate of adult patients. CL Respiration Pod is also intended for The IntelliVue acquisition of respiration rate and pulse rate data of adult patients for a clinical information management system. The Intellivue CL Respiration Pod is intended for use by health care professionals. It is not intended for home use. It is not a therapeutic device. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not intended for use on patients with extremely high values for respiration rate (above 60 rpm). The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not intended for use on acutely ill cardiac patients with the potential to develop life threatening arrhythmias, e.g. very fast atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (rapid irregular pulse rate). For monitoring of these patients, a device for continuous ECG monitoring is necessary. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not a substitute for an ECG monitor.
Device Story
Small, body-worn, battery-powered telemetry transceiver; attaches to patient chest via adhesive. Inputs: thoracic movement signals via internal accelerometer. Processing: accelerometer data transformed into respiration and pulse rate signals; detects patient activity and posture. Outputs: wireless transmission of physiological data to IntelliVue Patient Monitor or GuardianSoftware via Short Range Radio (SRR). Used by healthcare professionals in hospital wards/ER waiting areas; not for ICU/OR or home use. Provides intermittent/spot-check monitoring; generates alarms on compatible monitors. Benefits: enables wireless, non-invasive patient monitoring without continuous ECG requirement.
Clinical Evidence
Clinical validation performed using Bland-Altman statistical comparison against predicate device. Dataset included 26 patients (21 male, 5 female; ages 17-86) with 621 hours of recording, 2,276,855 ECG beats, and 255,307 breaths. Results demonstrated substantial equivalence in respiration and pulse rate measurement performance.
Technological Characteristics
Battery-powered, body-worn wireless transceiver. Sensing: internal accelerometer measuring thoracic movement. Connectivity: Short Range Radio (SRR) to IntelliVue monitors/software. Features: multicolor LED, single-key operation. Mechanical: shock/vibration tested to 7M3 class. Software: algorithm-based signal processing for respiration/pulse derivation.
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult patients in general medical/surgery wards and emergency room waiting areas requiring intermittent or spot-check monitoring of respiration and pulse rate. Contraindicated for patients with respiration rates >60 rpm, acutely ill cardiac patients prone to life-threatening arrhythmias, and patients with rapid, irregular heart rates >110 bpm.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A breathing (ventilatory) frequency monitor is a device intended to measure or monitor a patient's respiratory rate. The device may provide an audible or visible alarm when the respiratory rate, averaged over time, is outside operator settable alarm limits. This device does not include the apnea monitor classified in § 868.2377.
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KIJZ-320
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# 510 (k) Summary
# MAR 2 6 2014
This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness information submitted in accordance with the requirements of the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 and 21 C.F.R. §807.92.
1. The submitter of this premarket notification is:
Johannes Schmid Philips Medizin Systeme Boeblingen GmbH Hewlett-Packard-Str. 2 D-71034 Boeblingen, Germany Tel: ++49 7031 463-1315 Fax: ++49 7031 463-2442 e-mail: johannes.schmid@philips.com
This summary was prepared on March 25, 2014.
Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod. 2. Trade name: Common name: Telemetry Transceiver
| Device Panel | Classification | ProCode | Description |
|---------------------------|----------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Anesthesiology<br>Devices | \$868.2375, II | BZQ | Monitor, Breathing<br>Frequency |
| Cardiovascular<br>Devices | \$870.2910, II | DRG | Transmitters and<br>Receivers, Physiological<br>Signal, Radiofrequency |
| | - | MSX | System, Network and<br>Communication,<br>Physiological Monitors |
Classification of the modified IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod:
3. The modified Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is substantially equivalent to the previously cleared IntelliVue CL · Respiration Pod marketed pursuant to K122223.
# 4. Description of the modified device
CL Respiration Pod is a small body-worn, The IntelliVue cableless, battery powered, respiration rate and pulse rate measuring and monitoring device. It uses specifically designed adhesive attachment (Mobile CL Resp Attachment, cleared with K122223), which holds the CL Respiration Pod at the patient chest.
The CL Respiration Pod provides and communicates measurements values and other information (e.g. battery state) wirelessly via Short Range Radio (SRR) to an assigned compatible IntelliVue Patient Monitor or IntelliVue GuardianSoftware. It can also provide information on basic posture (like supine, prone, upright etc.) and activity of the patient. The CL Respiration Pod can be controlled from the assigned IntelliVue Patient Monitor or IntelliVue GuardianSoftware.
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5. Intended Use / Indications for Use
The Intended Use and Indications for Use of the modified Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod has not changed as a result of the device modification.
The device has the following detailed Indications for Use Statement in its Instructions for Use:
Intended Use / Indications for Use of the modified Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod:
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is indicated for use by health care professionals whenever there is a need for intermittent or spot-check acquisition and monitoring of physiological patient parameters respiration rate and pulse rate wirelessly in specific hospital areas. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is mainly indicated for use in general medical and surgery wards and in waiting areas of emergency rooms.
It is not indicated for use in hospital areas in which continuous patient monitoring is needed, such as intensive care units or operating rooms.
The intended use of the IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod when used together with a patient monitor is for intermittent or spot-check monitoring and recording of, and to generate alarms for, respiration rate and pulse rate of adult patients.
CL Respiration Pod is also intended for The IntelliVue acquisition of respiration rate and pulse rate data of adult patients for a clinical information management system.
The Intellivue CL Respiration Pod is intended for use by health care professionals. It is not intended for home use. It is not a therapeutic device.
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not intended for use on patients with extremely high values for respiration rate (above 60 rpm).
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not intended for use on acutely ill cardiac patients with the potential to develop life threatening arrhythmias, e.g. very fast atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (rapid irregular pulse rate). For monitoring of these patients, a device for continuous ECG monitoring is necessary. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not a substitute for an ECG monitor.
### Warning:
Do not use the CL Respiration Pod on patients with rapid, irregular heart rates greater than 110 bpm. Use under these conditions has not been clinically validated.
Rx only: US Federal Law restricts these devices to sale by or on the order of a physician.
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6. Technological Characteristics
The modified IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod has substantially equivalent technological characteristics, such as design, materials, energy source, portability, user interface, radio technology, measurement principle, as the legally marketed predicate device IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod.
The CL Respiration Pod is a small, battery powered, wireless, and body worn respiration and pulse rate measuring and monitoring device. It is attached to the patient's left costal arch using a specialized accessory, the adhesive Mobile CL Resp Attachment. The CL Respiration Pod has a multicolor LED and a single key to display states and allow basic operation locally. The CL Respiration Pod is connected during its use wirelessly via SRR a compatible IntelliVue Patient Monitor or IntelliVue to GuardianSoftware.
The CL Respiration Pod uses a measurement principle that is based the thoracic movements. Inclination changes of the on incorporated accelerometer sensor, caused by chest and abdomen movements during breathing and heart contraction, produce a voltage signal, from which respiration and pulse rate signals are derived. The modified Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod uses the same
measurement principle (respiratory effort and heart contraction/beating) to derive the respiration and pulse signal as the predicate Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod.
With the means of the built-in accelerometer sensor, the modified CL Respiration Pod also detects activity and basic posture of the patient. This is the same technology as used by the legally marketed Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod (K122223).
7. Summary of V&V activities
#### -Clinical Performance Tests
A Bland-Altman statistical comparison between respiration rate and pulse rate performance measured by the modified IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod and the predicate IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod (K122223) has been performed based on clinical data.
Two separate clinical data sets have been used. The identical data set of K122223 has been reused for the development of the modifications. An additional not yet used clinical data set with patient signals was used to validate the algorithm changes. The additional clinical data set consists of 21 male and 5 female patients between 17 and 86 years of age. A total duration of 621h 10min has been recorded. 2276855 ECG beats and 255307 breathes were used for the comparison.
The results of the statistical comparison demonstrate the equivalency of of the modified IntelliVue CL substantial Respiration Pod with the predicate IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod (K122223).
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Non-Clinical Performance Tests (bench testing) :
- Verification of respiration rate and pulse rate range, accuracy, resolution and signal quality, by comparison of the reported respiration and pulse rate with the simulated values. The test results have shown that the respiration rate and pulse rate accuracy, resolution, and signal quality met in the whole measurement range the defined specifications. The modified CL Respiration Pod is substantially equivalent to the predicate IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod with respect to these measurement parameters.
- -Testing as identified in the Hazard Analysis. All specified pass/fail criteria have been met. The test results have the effectiveness of implemented design risk confirmed mitigation measures.
- Functional testing of the Software modifications of the CL Respiration Pod combination IntelliVue in with its compatible, legally marketed devices, the IntelliVue Patient Monitors MP2, X2, MP5, MP5, MP5T, MP5SC and the IntelliVue GuardianSoftware. All specified criteria have been met. The test results have confirmed that the modified device has functioned substantially equivalent to the predicate device and according to the specifications and Instructions for Use in the intended environment of use.
- Regression testing of the IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod in combination with the related, gunchanged parts of the IntelliVue Patient Monitors MP2, X2, MP5, MP5T, MP5SC and the IntelliVue GuardianSoftware. All specified criteria have been met. The test results have confirmed that the modified device functioned substantially equivalent to the predicate has device and according to the specifications and Instructions for Use in the intended environment of use.
- Mechanical testing (shock, vibration, and free fall). All specified test requirements have been met. The test has confirmed that the modified CL Respiration Pod has functioned substantially equivalent to the predicate device and according to the specifications and the modified CL Respiration Pod can operate after shock and vibration tests for class 7M3.
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# 8. Conclusion
Verification and validation testing activities were conducted to establish the equivalence of the performance, functionality, effectiveness, and reliability characteristics of the modified device with respect to the subject device.
V&V testing included clinical and bench performance tests,
system level, functionality and regression and mechanical tests. All clinical and non-clinical tests were successfully completed. The results demonstrate that the modified Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod has functioned substantially equivalent to the predicate device Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod (K122223).
The modified device is substantially equivalent in intended use and fundamental technological characteristics to the predicate device. The device introduces no new questions concerning the safety or effectiveness and is, therefore, substantially equivalent to the predicate device.
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Food and Drug Administration 0903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
# March 26, 2014
Philips Medizin Systeme Boeblingen GmbH Johannes Schmid Hewlett-Packard-Str. 2 D-71034 Boeblingen, Germany
Re: K132320
Trade/Device Name: Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod Regulation Number: 21 CFR 868.2375 Regulation Name: Breathing Frequency Monitor Class: II Product Code: BZQ Dated: February 20, 2014 Received: February 24, 2014
Dear Mr. Schmid:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must
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Page 2 - Mr. Schmid
comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting (reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act): 21 CFR 1000-1050.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its tollfree number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportalProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm.
Sincerely yours.
Mary-S. Runner -S
Erin 1. Keith, M.S. Acting Director Division of Anesthesiology, General Hospital, Respiratory, Infection Control and Dental Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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#### Indications Statements Indications for Use CL Respiration Pod 1.A.1
510(k) Number (if known): KL32320___
Philips IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod Device Name: IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod:
IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is indicated for use by health care The professionals whenever there is a need for intermittent or spor-check acquisition and monitoring of physiological patient parameters respiration rate and pulse rate wirelessly in specific hospital areas. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is mainly indicated for use in general medical and surgery wards and in waiting areas of emergency rooms.
It is not indicated for use in hospital areas in which continuous patient monitoring is needed, such as intensive care units or operating rooms.
The intended use of the IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod when used together with a patient monitor is for intermittent or spot-check monitoring and recording of, and to generate alarms for, respiration rate and pulse rate of adult pacients.
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is also intended for acquisition of respiration rate and pulse rate data of adult patients for a clinical information management system.
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is intended for use by health care professionals. It is not intended for home use. It is not a therapeutic device .
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not intended for use on patients with extremely high values for respiration rate (above 60 rpm).
The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not intended for use on acurely ill cardiac patients with the potential to develop life threatening arrhythmias, e.g. very fast atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (rapid irregular pulse rate). For monitoring of these patients, a device for continuous ECG monitoring is necessary. The IntelliVue CL Respiration Pod is not a substitute for an ECG monitor.
Warning: Do not use the CL Respiration Pod on patients with rapid, irregular heart rates greater than 110 bpm. Use under these conditions has not been clinically validated.
Rx only: US Federal Law restricts these devices to sale by or on the order of a physician.
Over-The-Counter Use Prescription Use _Yes__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AND/OR No (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) (21 CFR 807 Subpart C)
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
# Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
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0.9.2342.19200300 100.1.1-0011315590
Date: 2014.03.26 06:53:34 -0400
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.