Postmarket surveillance data (sales and adverse event reporting); Peer-reviewed clinical literature
The sponsor utilized postmarket surveillance data from 300,000 units sold over 5 years to demonstrate safety and cited peer-reviewed literature to support the effectiveness of electrical stimulation for pain relief and muscle performance.
Postmarket surveillance; Adverse event reporting; Literature review
General population (300,000 units sold); Sample Size: 300,000 units
Not applicable for this study
Safety (adverse event reporting)
Peer-reviewed literature review; Literature review
Patients undergoing electrical stimulation
Not applicable for this study
Muscle performance improvement and temporary pain reduction
Indications for Use
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the lower back due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or Auto 4 To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the upper extremities (arm) due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or Auto 1 or Auto 3 To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the lower extremities (leg) due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 6 or Auto1 or Auto 4 Used to stimulate healthy muscles in order to improve and facilitate muscle performance choose Manual Mode 1 or Auto Mode 2
Device Story
T1040 is a portable, battery-powered (4.5 VDC) TENS and Powered Muscle Stimulator (PMS). Device delivers preprogrammed electrical pulses via two electrode pads attached to a garment belt or directly to skin. User selects from 10 operation modes (6 manual, 4 automatic) to induce minimal muscle contractions. Operated by patient in home setting without medical supervision. Output consists of electrical stimulation pulses; intended to provide temporary pain relief and improve muscle performance. Clinical benefit supported by historical sales data and peer-reviewed literature on electrical stimulation.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical trials performed. Evidence based on historical performance (300,000+ units sold globally since 2002 with no reported adverse events) and literature review supporting electrical stimulation for pain reduction and muscle performance.
Technological Characteristics
Portable, battery-powered (4.5 VDC) TENS/PMS device. Dual-channel output via adhesive electrode pads. Compliance with AAMI NS-4 1985, EN 60601-1, EN 60601-1-2, ISO 9001:2000, ISO 13485:2003. Pulse width 210 µs, max frequency 245 Hz.
Indications for Use
Indicated for temporary relief of pain in lower back, upper extremities, and lower extremities due to exercise or household strain; also indicated for stimulation of healthy muscles to improve/facilitate performance. For OTC use.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator for pain relief is a device used to apply an electrical current to electrodes on a patient's skin to treat pain.
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510k: T1040 Endurance Therapeutics
K060846
# 510(k) Summary
This 510(k) summary is being submitted in accordance with 21 CFR 807.92(c)
### 1.0 Submitter's Name and Address:
Endurance Therapeutics 122B First Street, NE Dauphin, Manitoba Canada R7N 1B5
Contact Name: Brad Brezden 122B First Street, NE Dauphin, Manitoba Ph. / Fax 1-877-274-4962
DEC 0 3 2007
Date Prepared: August 27, 2007
## 2.0 Name of Device and Classifications
Trade/Device Name: T1040: Common Name: TENS Regulation Number: 21 CFR 882.5890 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator for Pain Relief Classification Name: Stimulator, Nerve, Transcutaneous, Over-the-Counter. Requlatory Class: Class II Product Code NUH, NGX, GZJ
## 3.0 Predicate Devices
K011880 Compex Sport K033122 Prizm Medical inc. K050174 Bio Stim Kit,
Sport Muscle Stimulator 5000Z OTC TENS Back Pain Relief System 21CFR890.5850 OTC 21CFR882,5890 OTC 21CFR882.5890 OTC
## 4.0 Device Description:
The T1040 is a portable; battery powered (4.5 VDC) multi function device offering both Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS) and Powered Muscle Stimulator (PMS) qualities in one device.
Independent channel (two pads) that effectively transfers your desired choice of preprogrammed electrical pulses directly through electrode adhesive pads to the suggested area of the body where the electrodes are placed, causing minimal muscle contractions. A garment belt is used to hold the electrode pads to treat the lower back muscles. There are 10 modes of operation, 6 manual and 4 automatic.
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| Quantity | T1040 | Bio-Stim | Compex | 5000Z |
|-------------------------------------------------|-----------|----------|-------------|-------|
| Max. Voltage over 10kΩ, V | 154.1 | 132 | 126.8/103.3 | 226 |
| Max. Current over 10kΩ, mA | 15.4 | 13.2 | 12.7/10.3 | 22.6 |
| Max. Voltage over 2.2kΩ, V | 105.1 | 90 | 167.8/153.5 | 218 |
| Max. Current over 2.2kΩ, mA | 47.8 | 41 | 76.3/69.8 | 99 |
| Max. Voltage over 500Ω, V | 40.7 | 29.5 | 48 | 208 |
| Max. Current over 500Ω, mA | 81.4 | 59 | 96.1 | 416 |
| Pulse Width, µseconds | 210 | 30 - 225 | 270 | 100 |
| Pulse Period, msec | 4.1 - 500 | 9 – 12.5 | 125 | 10 |
| Max. Pulse Frequency, Hz | 245 | 110 | 118 | 120 |
| Max. Charge per Phase over 500Ω,<br>μC | 16.9 | 7.6 | 32.3 | 3.4 |
| Max. Current Density over 500Ω,<br>mA/cm² | 2.71 | 3.93 | 3.84 | 16.64 |
| Max. Average Power Density over<br>500Ω, mW/cm² | 5.35 | 1.1 | 10.2 | |
Table 14 - Comparison Table
## Electrical Parameter Comparisons
Intended Use:
5.0
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the lower back due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or Auto 4
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the upper extremities (arm) due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or Auto 1 or Auto 3
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the lower extremities (leg) due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 6 or Auto1 or Auto 4
ls intended to be used to stimulate healthy muscles in order to improve and facilitate muscle performance choose Manual Mode 1 or Auto Mode 2
## 6.0 Substantial Equivalence:
The electrical stimulation provided by the T1040 is substantially equivalent to that commonly employed by muscle stimulators and TENS devices that have been cleared for marketing without prescription labeling; i.e., for OTC sale. The pulses in the waveform combinations are restricted in amplitude and duration to values consistent with other devices quoted above.(see Appendix 4)
Technological characteristics, features, specifications, materials and intended uses of the T1040 are substantially equivalent to the quoted predicate devices.
The differences that exist between the devices are insignificant in the terms of safety or effectiveness.
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The T1040 has modes that offer substantially equivalent technical specifications, features and effective results as each of the predicates listed.
## 7.0 Non-Clinical Tests Performed:
Compliance to applicable voluntary standards includes AAMI NS-4 1985, as well as EN 60601-1, EN 60601-1-2, ISO 9001;2000 and ISO 13485;2003
In addition to the compliance of voluntary standards, the software verification has been carried out according to the FDA Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices.
## 8.0 Conclusion:
The electrical stimulation provided by the T1040 is similar to that commonly employed by muscle stimulators and TENS devices that have been cleared for marketing without prescription labeling.
The T1040 has the same intended uses and the similar technological characteristics as these OTC cleared predicates. Moreover, verification and validation tests contained in this submission demonstrate that the differences in the T1040 still maintain the same safety and effectiveness as that of the cleared devices.
In other words, those engineering differences do not: (1) affect the intended use or (2) alter the fundamental scientific technology of the device.
Concerns of safe and proper use of electrodes and electrode pad placements have been fully addressed by making the user conscious of the proper placement of electrodes and proper operations of the device through detail in the User's Instruction Manual.
We believe that there are no new safety or effectiveness issues concerning this device to be introduced.
The safety of the device, to be used for the proposed indications without medical prescription or supervision, is established by the fact that no adverse events have been reported since 2002 with over 300,000 units sold with out a prescription in 20 countries.
Over 300 000 units sold with no adverse effects reported, proves its specific technical, safety measures and features are safe and effective when used without medical supervision. An even greater and more detailed user instruction manual regarding safe operation and adhesive pad placements is proposed for the USA marketplace and consumers.
The effectiveness of the device for the proposed indications is supported by a number of articles in peer-reviewed publications, which demonstrate that electrical stimulation does improve muscle performance as well as temporary pain reduction.
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Image /page/3/Picture/1 description: The image shows the logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo features a stylized caduceus symbol, which is often associated with healthcare. The text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" is arranged in a circular pattern around the caduceus.
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
DEC 0 3 2007
Endurance Therapeutics % Mr. Brad Brezden CEO 122 B - First Street, NE Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada R7N IBS
Re: K060846 Trade/Device Name: T1040 Regulation Number: 21 CFR 882.5890 Regulation Name: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator for pain relief Regulatory Class: II Product Code: NUH, NGX Dated: August 27, 2007 Received: September 4, 2007
Dear Mr. Brezden:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device we nave roviewed your becamed the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate for use bland in the encreations of the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to conimer of pror to may 2011-07-12) in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The r ou may, dierelove, mains of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it If your device to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean r tease of acrised and itermination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act that I Drivias Intact and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must or uny I with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); good manufacturing practice requirements as set CI It rat 8077, accems (21 (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
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Page 2 - Mr. Brad Brezden
forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Center for Devices and Radiological Health's (CDRH's) Office of Compliance at (240) 276-0120. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding postmarket surveillance, please contact CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometric's (OSB's) Division of Postmarket Surveillance at (240) 276-3474. For questions regarding the reporting of device adverse events (Medical Device Reporting (MDR)), please contact the Division of Surveillance Systems at (240) 276-3464. You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (240) 276-3150 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/industry/support/index.html.
Sincerely yours,
Mark M. Millman
Mark N. Melkerson Director Division of General, Restorative and Neurological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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## 13.0 Statement of Indication for Use
510(k) Number (if known): K060846
Device Name: T1040
Indications for Use:
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the lower back due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or Auto 4
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the upper extremities (arm) due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or Auto 1 or Auto 3
To be used for temporary relief of pain associated with sore and aching muscles in the lower extremities (leg) due to strain from exercise or normal household work activities choose Manual modes 1, 2, 6 or Auto1 or Auto 4
Used to stimulate healthy muscles in order to improve and facilitate muscle performance choose Manual Mode 1 or Auto Mode 2
Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter 1150 AND/OR (21 CFR 801 Subpart C
XX
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE OF NEEDED)
Concurrence
Division of General. Restorative. and Neurological Devices
5100) Number Kolo yu
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.