TRANSDUCERS FOR ULTRASOUND AND TOCODYNAMOMETER FETAL MONITORING
K040392 · American I.V. Products, Inc. · HFM · Sep 14, 2004 · Obstetrics/Gynecology
Device Facts
Record ID
K040392
Device Name
TRANSDUCERS FOR ULTRASOUND AND TOCODYNAMOMETER FETAL MONITORING
Applicant
American I.V. Products, Inc.
Product Code
HFM · Obstetrics/Gynecology
Decision Date
Sep 14, 2004
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 884.2720
Device Class
Class 2
Indications for Use
These devices are intended to be used as replacement accessories to Corometrics and Hewlett Packard Monitors, to measure fetal heart rate and uterine contractions in the gravid patient.
Device Story
AIV transducers (ultrasound and tocodynamometer) serve as replacement accessories for Corometrics and Hewlett Packard fetal monitors. Ultrasound transducers utilize Doppler shift technology to detect fetal heart rate; tocodynamometer transducers utilize strain gauges to detect uterine contractions. Devices are placed on the maternal abdomen and secured with elastic straps. Output is transmitted via cable to the host monitor, which processes the signals for clinical display. Healthcare providers use this data to monitor fetal status and labor progression. Benefits include continuous, non-invasive monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine activity during pregnancy and labor.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Acoustic output testing confirmed power levels <20mW/cm2 average. Biocompatibility of plastics confirmed via consensus standards. No clinical data provided.
Technological Characteristics
Ultrasound transducers use pulsed Doppler technology (1.0 MHz center frequency). Tocodynamometer transducers use strain gauge sensors. Devices are non-sterile, reusable, and connect to host monitors via keyed, color-coded cables. Biocompatible plastics used. Acoustic output <20mW/cm2.
Indications for Use
Indicated for gravid patients, especially during labor, for the measurement of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An external uterine contraction monitor (i.e., the tokodynamometer) is a device used to monitor the progress of labor. It measures the duration, frequency, and relative pressure of uterine contractions with a transducer strapped to the maternal abdomen. This generic type of device may include an external pressure transducer, support straps, and other patient and equipment supports.
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#### DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image shows the logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo features a stylized eagle with three curved lines representing its body and wings. The words "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" are arranged in a circular pattern around the eagle.
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
OCT 1 2 2004
Mr. Gregory C. Falk American IV Products, Inc. 7485 Shipley Avenue HANOVER MD 21076
Re: K040392
Trade/Device Name: Transducers for Ultrasound and Tocodynamometer Fetal Monitoring Regulation Number: 21 CFR 884.2720 Regulation Name: External uterine contraction monitor and accessories Regulation Number: 21 CFR 884.2960 Regulation Name: Obstetric ultrasonic transducer and accessories Product Code: 85 HFM and HGL Dated: July 8, 2004 Received: July 12, 2004
Dear Mr. Falk:
This letter corrects our substantially equivalent letter of September 14, 2004 regarding the transducers for ultrasound and tocodynamometer fetal monitoring. The letter listed only the ultrasound transducers (FM10835, FM10836) to which the determination of substantial equivalence applies. However, the determination of substantial equivalence applies to all five transducers described in your premarket notification, i.e. FM10835, FM 10839, FM 10840, and FM 10841.
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
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Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050. 1
This letter will allow you to continue marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Office of Compliance at one of the following numbers, based on the regulation number at the top of the letter:
| 8xx.1xxx | (301) 594-4591 |
|----------------------------------|----------------|
| 876.2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx | (301) 594-4616 |
| 884.2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx | (301) 594-4616 |
| 892.2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx | (301) 594-4654 |
| Other | (301) 594-4692 |
Additionally, for questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97) you may obtain. Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsma/dsmamain.html.
Sincerely yours.
Daniel A. Segerson
Nancy C. Brogdof Director, Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, and Radiological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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Appendix B Page 1 of 3 Rev_6-28-04
# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known): K040392
Transducers for Ultrasound and Tocodynamometer Fetal Device Name: Monitoring
Indications For Use:
These devices are intended to be used as replacement accessories to Corometrics and Hewlett Packard Monitors, to measure fetal heart rate and uterine contractions in the gravid patient.
AIV Transducer Model Numbers: FM10835 and FM10836. These devices are a direct replacement for the EPIC EFU200-20, Ultrasound Transducer for measuring fetal heart rate.
AIV Transducer Model Numbers: FM10839 and FM10840. These devices are a direct replacement for the Corometric's 2264LAX. TOCO Transducer for measuring uterine contractions.
AIV Transducer Model Number: FM10841. This device is a direct replacement for the EPIC EFT200-20, TOCO Transducer for measuring uterine contractions.
Required information for the ultrasound transducers, relating to their indications for use, is attached.
Prescription Use × AND/OR (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 807 Subpart C)
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
Damilh Grayson
(Division Sign-Off)
Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, and Radiological Devices 510(k) Number
Page 1 of
7485 Shipley Avenue · Hanover, MD · 21076 · USA · p 800.990.2911 · f 410.787.1337 · www.aiv-inc.com
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Diagnostic Ultrasound Indications for Use Form
Fill out one form for each ultrasound system and each transducer
Intended Use: Diagnostic ultrasound imaging or fluid analysis of the human body as follows:
AIV Transducer Model Number: FM10835 Replacement for Epic Model Number EFU200-20 (also HP Model 1356)
| | Mode of Operation | | | | | | | | | |
|-------------------------------|-------------------|---|---|-----|-----|---------------|-------------------|------------------------|--------------------|-----------------|
| Clinical Application | A | B | M | PWD | CWD | Color Doppler | Amplitude Doppler | Color Velocity Imaging | Combined (specify) | Other (specify) |
| Ophthalmic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fetal | | | | N | | | | | | |
| Abdominal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intraoperative (specify) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intraoperative Neurological | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pediatric | | | | | | | | | | |
| Small Organ (specify) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Neonatal Cephalic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Adult Cephalic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cardiac | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transesophageal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transrectal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transvaginal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transurethral | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intravascular | | | | | | | | | | |
| Peripheral Vascular | | | | | | | | | | |
| Laparoscopic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Musculo-skeletal Conventional | | | | | | | | | | |
| Musculo-skeletal Superficial | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other (specify) | | | | | | | | | | |
N = New indication
P = previously cleared by FDA
E = added under Appendix E
Intended for use with Philips Medical (HP) M1350A and Viridia Series 50 XM monitors.
Additional Comments: This device is a direct replacement for the EPIC EFU200-20 (and Hewlett Packard Model 1356, by Epic Substantial Equivalence K992811) Ultrasound Transducer for measuring fetal heart rate.
David A. Lagrone
(Division Sign-Off) Division of Reproductive, Abdominal. and Radiological Devices
510(k) Number
Prescription Use_
7485 Shipley Avenue · Hanover, MD · 21076 · USA · p 800.990.2911 · f 410.787.1337 · www.aiv-inc.com
04033
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Appendix B Page 3 of 3 Rev_6-28-04
Diagnostic Ultrasound Indications for Use Form
Fill out one form for each ultrasound system and each transducer
Intended Use: Diagnostic ultrasound imaging or fluid analysis of the human body as follows:
AIV Transducer Model Number: FM10836 Replacement for Epic Model Number EFU200-20 (also HP Model 1356)
| | Mode of Operation | | | | | | | | | |
|-------------------------------|-------------------|---|---|-----|-------------------------------|------------------|----------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------------|
| Clinical Application | A | B | M | PWD | CWD | Color<br>Doppler | Amplitude<br>Doppler | Color<br>Velocity<br>Imaging | Combined<br>(specify) | Other<br>(specify) |
| Ophthalmic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fetal | | | | N | | | | | | |
| Abdominal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intraoperative (specify) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intraoperative Neurological | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pediatric | | | | | | | | | | |
| Small Organ (specify) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Neonatal Cephalic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Adult Cephalic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cardiac | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transesophageal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transrectal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transvaginal | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transurethral | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intravascular | | | | | | | | | | |
| Peripheral Vascular | | | | | | | | | | |
| Laparoscopic | | | | | | | | | | |
| Musculo-skeletal Conventional | | | | | | | | | | |
| Musculo-skeletal Superficial | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other (specify) | | | | | | | | | | |
| N = New indication | | | | | P = previously cleared by FDA | | E = added under Appendix E | | | |
Intended for use with Philips Medical (HP) M1350A and Viridia Series 50 XM · monitors.
Additional Comments: This device is a direct replacement for the EPIC EFU200-20 (and Hewlett Packard Model 1356, by Epic Substantial Equivalence K992811) Ultrasound Transducer for measuring fetal heart rate.
David A. Snyam
(Division Sign-Off)
Division of Reproductive, Abdominal,
and Radiological Devices
510(k) Number K040392
Prescription Use_
7485 Shipley Avenue · Hanover, MD · 21076 · USA · p 800.990.2911 · f 410.787.1337 · www.aiv-inc.com
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SEP 1 4 2004
Image /page/5/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for AIV, which is a black star above the letters "aiv" in a stylized font. Below the logo is the text "Supporting Clinical Engineering Worldwide". The text is in a smaller font than the logo.
Appendix C Page 1 of 3 Rev 6-28-04
# 510(k) Summary (Ref:K040392)
## Submitter Information:
American IV Products, Inc. 7485 Shipley Avenue Hanover, MD 21076
### Contact:
Gregory Falk Engineering Manager Telephone: 410-787-1300 ext. 131 Fax:: 410-787-1337 e-mail: gfalk@aiv-inc.com
#### Date Prepared:
February 13, 2004
#### Product Name:
Classification Name: Perinatal Monitoring System Accessories Common Name: Transducers for ultrasound and tocodynamometer fetal monitoring Proprietary Name: Transducers for ultrasound and tocodynamometer fetal monitoring
#### List of Submitted Devices:
| TOCO | Ultrasound |
|---------|------------|
| FM10839 | FM10835 |
| FM10840 | FM10836 |
| FM10841 | |
#### Predicate Device:
These AIV devices are equivalent to the following legally marketed devices: Corometrics Models 2264LAX (TOCO) K982651 5700LAX (Ultrasound) K982651
Epic Models EFT200-20 (TOCO) K992811 EFU200-20 (Ultrasound) K992811
Hewlett Packard Models 1355 TOCO) (by Epic equivalence reference K992811) 1356 (Ultrasound) (by Epic equivalence reference K992811)
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### Description:
AIV's ultrasound (US) and tocodynamometer (TOCO) transducers are replacements for similar transducers manufactured by Corometrics and Hewlett Packard for their respective monitors. The AIV transducers are also a replacement for similar transducers manufactured by Epic for use on Corometrics and Hewlett Packard monitors.
The US transducers are used to detect the fetal heart rate using Doppler shift technology. The TOCO transducers detect uterine activity using a strain gauge for evaluating contractions. These transducers are intended to be a direct replacement for the Corometrics, Hewlett Packard and Epic transducers.
#### Intended Use:
These devices are intended to be used as replacement transducer accessories for Corometrics and Hewlett Packard monitors, for use in measuring fetal heart rates and uterine contractions.
| | AIV | Corometrics | Epic |
|----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|-------------------------------|
| Intended Use | Measure fetal heart rate and uterine<br>contractions in the gravid patient. | Same | Same |
| Anatomical Sites | The ultrasound transducer is placed on<br>the maternal abdomen aimed at the fetal<br>heart; the TOCO transducer is placed on<br>the maternal abdomen over the fundal<br>area of the uterus. | Same | Same |
| Target Patient<br>Population | Gravid patients, especially during labor. | Same | Same |
| FHR Range | Dependent upon monitor specifications. | Same | Same |
| Uterine Activity<br>Range | Dependent upon monitor specifications. | Same | Same |
| Patient Use/Reuse | Reusable. | Same | Same |
| Sterility | Non-sterile | Same | Same |
| Description of<br>Patient Attachment | These devices attach to the gravid patient<br>with elastic straps around the waist. | Same | Same |
| Cable Length | 10 feet | | 8 feet |
| Accessories | Transducer belts and ultrasonic gel | Same | Same |
| Connector Design | Transducer cable connectors are color-<br>coded and keyed to fit the appropriate<br>fetal monitors. | Same | Same |
| Acoustic Output | <20mW/cm2 average | Same | Same |
| Operational<br>Characteristics | AIV FM10835 = Pulsed Doppler<br>AIV FM10836 = Pulsed Doppler | 5700LAX =<br>Pulsed Doppler | EFU200-20 =<br>Pulsed Doppler |
| Specifications<br>(Ultrasound Center<br>Frequency) | AIV FM10835 = 1.0 MHz<br>AIV FM10836 = 1.0 MHz | 5700LAX =<br>1.151 MHz | EFU200-20 =<br>1.0 MHz |
#### Comparison to Predicate Device:
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# Performance Data and Conclusions:
- . Acoustic output testing shows power is less than 20mW/cm2 average.
- AIV assembly design is equivalent to predicate device assembly design. .
- . Bench Testing demonstrates that the AIV devices perform as intended and are equivalent to predicate device assemblies.
- . AIV plastics have conformed to consensus standards relating to Biocompatibility.
- These devices do not raise new issues of safety and effectiveness, nor do they alter the . fundamental technology of the predicate devices.
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
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Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.